A New Species Of The Genus Neopetrolisthes Miyake, 1937 (Crustacea : Decapoda : Porcellanidae) From The Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan

10 Pages·2001·3.4 MB·English

by  M Osawa

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
114(1):162-17L 2001.
A new species of the genus Neopetrolisthes Miyake, 1937 (Crustacea:
Decapoda: Porcellanidae) from the Ryukyu Islands,
southwestern Japan
Masayuki Osawa and Yoshihisa Fujita
(MO) Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3-23-1, Hyakunincho, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 169-0073, Japan;
(YF) Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus,
1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
—
Abstract. A new porcellanid crab, Neopetrolisthes spinatus, is described
and illustrated based on the specimens collected from Okinawa Island of the
Ryukyus, southwestern Japan. This species is well characterized and distin-
guished from the other species ofNeopetrolisthes Miyake by having an uneven
dorsal surface ofthe carapace and supraocular spines. Neopetrolisthes spinatus
&
occurs as a male/female pair on a sea anemone, Heteractis malu (Haddon
Shackleton). Although most ofthe morphological characters considered to dis-
tinguishNeopetrolisthes fromPetrolisthes Stimpson are foundin some ormany
species of the latter genus, Neopetrolisthes differs from Petrolisthes by having
the gastric region of the carapace strongly elevated.
The genus Neopetrolisthes Miyake, 1937 and that the Indian Ocean population was
contains two orthree Indo-WestPacific spe- applicable to A^. maculatus and the Pacific
cies and they are usually associated sym- Ocean population toTV. ohshimai. As shown
biotically with large sea anemones of the in the color illustrations provided by Ka-
genus Stichodactyla Brandt (this genus has mezaki et al. (1988), we also found that
been treated as Stoichactis Haddon) (see both spotted crabs co-existed in the Ryukyu
Miyake 1942, Haig 1979, Debelius 1984). Islands, but could not distinguish them us-
These porcellanid crabs are well known as ing morphological structures. To confirm
one of the common crustaceans in subtrop- the correct taxonomic status ofthe anemone
ical and tropical shallow waters because of crabs having different spot patterns, de-
their beautiful spots of red, brown or blue tailed morphological observations com-
color on the carapace and pereiopods. bined with ecological or molecular/genetic
Haig (1965, 1979) considered N. ohshi- dataofspecimens from various Indo-Pacific
mai Miyake, 1937 as a junior synonym of localities are needed. Until such observa-
Porcellana maculata H. Milne Edwards, tions are made, we prefer to treat them un-
1837 (=A^. maculatus), and pointed out that der the name TV. maculatus, and consider
the Indian and Pacific Ocean populations of that this species has various spot sizes of
TV. maculatus have different spot patterns. red, reddish purple, or brown color on the
In the former population, the carapace and carapace and pereiopods.
pereiopods are covered with small, round- The remaining known species of Neo-
ed, evenly distributed spots; whereas in the petrolisthes, TV. alobatus (Laurie, 1926), has
latter population, the color pattern takes the been recorded only from the Cargados Ca-
form of large, uneven blotches. However, rajos Islands (the type locality) and Moz-
Debelius (1984) expressed the opinion that ambique, located in the eastern African
the spot pattern was a specific character. coast (Laurie 1926, Kensley 1970, as Pe-
VOLUME 114, NUMBER 1 163
trolisthes alobatus). Neopetrolisthes aloba- usually broadest at anterior to median bran-
tus is easily distinguished from A^. macu- chial regions (median region in holotype).
latus by numerous strong, transverse striae Dorsal surface moderately convex in gen-
and large blue spots on the dorsal surface eral appearance, covered with short trans-
of the carapace, and lack of distinct teeth verse rugae; those of median branchial re-
on the dorsoflexor margin of the carpus of gions being longer and stronger than other
the chelipeds (Haig 1966, Kensley 1970 as regions, those of hepatic regions weaker
Petrolisthes alobatus, Debelius 1984). and fewer in number. Rostrum (Fig. ID)
The second author recently collected un- broad, slightly bent ventrally; frontal mar-
usual porcellanid crabs associated symbi- gin sinuously triangular; median lobe
otically with the sea anemone Heteractis strongly produced forward, with narrowly
&
malu (Haddon Shackleton) (fide Gosliner rounded apex; lateral lobes with oblique an-
et al. 1996), from Okinawa Island of the terior margin. Orbits moderately concave;
Ryukyus. Examination of these crabs re- supraorbital margins strongly oblique, with
vealed that they belong to the genus Neo- distinct spine on slightly elevated ridge;
petrolisthes, but are distinguished from all outer orbital angles strongly produced but
known species of this genus by having an unarmed. Protogastric ridge well devel-
uneven dorsal surface of the carapace and oped, divided into 2 lobes by median
supraocular spines. Herein, we describe and groove extending to tip of rostrum; lobes
illustrate them as a new species. directed anteriorly, with strong spine-like
Measurements of carapace length (CL), appearance in lateral view. Gastric region
chelipeds, and ambulatory legs followthose strongly elevated. Cervical grooves deep.
of Osawa (1998b). The type specimens are Acute epibranchial spines present. Branchi-
deposited in the National Science Museum, al margins with longitudinal edges bearing
Tokyo, Japan (NSMT). strong elevation on anterior to median re-
gion; anterior margins moderately to
Neopetrolisthes spinatus, new species strongly convex; median margins subpar-
Figs. 1-4 allel. Branchial regions with broad, well el-
— evated part situated slightly behind of mar-
Neopetrolisthes maculatus. Masuda,
ginal elevation; anterior branchial regions
1999:58, unnumbered figure. [Not Neo-
slightly depressed, with small, flattish,
petrolisthes maculatus (H. Milne Ed-
rounded squamae.
wards, 1837)]
— Pterygostomian flaps (Fig. IC) entire,
Type material. Holotype: male (CL 8.6 unarmed, moderately narrowingposteriorly,
mm), Zanpa Promontory, Okinawa Island, with longitudinal, long rugae.
associated with Heteractis malu, 5.0 m, 30 Third thoracic sternite (Fig. IE, F)
Oct 1998, coll. Y. Fujita, NSMT-Cr 13062. strongly depressed, incompletely divided
Paratypes: 1 female (CL 10.6 mm), data as from fourth sternite by large, median inter-
in holotype, occurred with holotype as ruption, trilobate anteriorly; median lobe
male/female pair on same host, NSMT-Cr distinctly exceeding laterals, with moder-
13063; 1 male (CL 6.0 mm), 1 female (CL ately (male) or very broadly (female)
9.5 mm); Zanpa Promontory, Okinawa Is- rounded apex; lateral lobes narrow. Fourth
land, associated with Heteractis malu, oc- sternite with series of short rugae along
curred as male/female pair on same host, concave anterior margin; rugae of male
19.7 m, 12 Jun 1999, coll. Y. Fujita, NSMT- stronger than those of female; setae on an-
Cr 13064. — terior sides of rugae of female longer and
Description. Carapace (Fig. lA-C) 1.1 much more in number than those of male.
(paratype female, NSMT-Cr 13063)-1.3 Telson (Fig. IG) as illustrated, consisting
(holotype male) times as long as broad. of 7 plates with short distal plates.
164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 1. Neopetrolisthes spinatus, new species. A, C-E, G-I, holotype, male (NSMT-Cr 13062, CL 8.6 mm);
B, F paratype, female (NSMT-Cr 13063, CL 10.6 mm). A, B, carapace, dorsal; C, carapace and pterygostomian
flap, lateral; D, rostrum, dorsofrontal; E, F, anterior thoracic sternites, ventral; G, telson, extensor; H, left basal
segment of antennular peduncle, ventral; I, left antennal peduncle, ventral. Sceiles equal 1.0 mm.
VOLUME 114, NUMBER 1 165
Ocular peduncles moderately large, with slightly rugose. Merus with dorsal surface
few short striae on dorsal surface; dorsal transversely rugose, provided with distinct,
extension onto corneabroadly subtriangular transverse ridge submedially; dorsoflexor
with rounded apex, margin without setae. margin with small, ovate lobe crenulated
Basal segment of antennular peduncles but unarmed marginally; dorsodistal and
(Fig. IH) transversely rugose on anterior dorsolateral margins without spines; ventral
lateral region of ventral surface, with short surface rugose, distoflexormarginunarmed.
plumose setae on proximal lateral margin; Carpus 2.1-2.2 times as long as broad; dor-
anterior margin tuberculate, with acutely sal surface moderately convex along lon-
pointed tooth at mesial and lateral comers; gitudinal median line, with numerous trans-
margin between teeth with broad and nar- verse rugae, those on proximal region tend-
row projections. ing to be much larger than otherparts, those
Antennal peduncles (Fig. II) with first on part along flexor margin smaller, round-
segment not strongly produced forward in ed; very or moderately shallow, longitudi-
lateral view, provided with bluntly pointed, nal sulcus present along dorsoextensormar-
narrow projection at anterodistal end. Sec- gin; dorsoflexor margin transverse, slightly
ond segment provided with low, subtrian- crenulated, without teeth and lobes; dor-
gular anterior crest; dorsal and ventral sur- soextensor margin unarmed entirely, slight-
faces slightly rugose. Third segment rather ly elevated, distal end not produced; distal
weakly elongated; anterior margin weakly margin with broad, rounded lobe on flexor
produced in submedian region, tuberculate; part and small or moderately large, rounded
dorsal and ventral surfaces rugose. Fourth projection near extensor end; ventral sur-
segment small, dorsal and ventral surfaces face transversely rugose, flexor and exten-
slightly rugose. sor margins crenulated. Chela rather nar-
Third maxillipeds (Fig. 2A) with coxa row, flattened (in holotype, larger chela
bearing narrow, roundly pointed distoflexor slightly inflated), elongate, 2.0-2.3 times as
projection; distomedian projection incom- long as carpus, 2.8-3.2 times as long as
pletely articulated, with shallow suture. Ba- high, lying on extensor side; dorsal surface
sis articulated from ischium, subtriangular covered with short, transverse and oblique
with rounded edges. Ischium broad, ovate, rugae, those on fingers replaced by small
transversely rugose on ventral surface, with rounded granules; extensor margin thin, un-
longitudinal ridge along extensor margin; armed, slightly crenulated by marginal ru-
distoextensor projection tapering. Merus ru- gae, very weakly concave on distal third;
gose on ventral surface, with laminate, ventral surface with numerous short, trans-
ovate lobe on ventroflexor margin. Carpus verse and obUque rugae, those on fingers
moderately rugose on ventral surface, with being smaller; fingers crossed distally; dac-
subtriangular projection near median region tyl opening at slightly oblique angle. Palm
of flexor margin and with longitudinal row with dorsal surface provided with weakly
of short rugae along extensor margin on or moderately developed, median longitu-
ventral surface. Propodus relatively slender, dinal ridge extending from proximal end of
rugose and tuberculate along extensor mar- palm to base of dactyl; dorsoflexor margin
gin. Dactyl small, subtriangular; ventral with longitudinal rugose ridge. Fixed finger
surface smooth. Exopod laminate, slender, with rounded ridge along cutting margin;
with short setae marginally; proximal re- dorsoflexor proximal part with broad,
gion inflated; distal region narrow, with fla- weakly developed, subrectangularorround-
gellum. ed projection extending onto dactyl; distal
Chelipeds (Fig. 2B-F) subequal. Ischium claw slightly or moderately curved; cutting
slightly crenulated but unarmed on ventro- edge minutely tuberculate. Dactyl 0.3-0.4
flexor margin, dorsal and ventral surfaces times as long as chela, subequal in length
166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 2. Neopetrolisthes spinatus, new species. A-E, holotype, male (NSMT-Cr 13062, CL 8.6 mm): F,
paratype, female (NSMT-Cr 13063, CL 10.6 mm). A, left third maxilliped, ventral; B, right cheliped. dorsal; C.
same, merus, distoflexor corner, dorsoflexor; D, same, chela, dorsoextensor; E, same, ventral; F, left chela,
dorsoextensor. Scales equal 1.0 mm.
to fixed finger, with strongly curved distal dorsal surface of merus to dactyl with few
claw; dorsal surface provided with ixigose minute setae arising from distal sides,
longitudinal ridge along flexor margin; cut- Ambulatory legs (Fig. 3A-D) rather
ting margin minutely tuberculate. Rugae on short, with few short setae except for sev-
VOLUME 114, NUMBER 1 167
—
eral tufts of setae on dactyls. Merus elon- Habitat. Although Neopetrolisthes ma-
gatedly subrectangular to ovate in lateral culatus and probably A^. alobatus have been
view, with length decreasing from first to known to live only on Stichodactyla spe-
third legs; extensormargin unarmed, slight- cies, A^. spinatus was collected from a dif-
ly swollen; lateral surface with numerous ferent sea anemone, Heteractis malu. The
short, transverse rugae, indistinct and re- existence of N. spinatus on the host was
duced in number on flexor region; disto- also confirmed in aphotograph providedby
flexor margin unarmed; mesial surface Masuda (1999, as A^. maculatus). This spe-
without decalcified region (narrow, weakly cies occurred as a male/female pair (the
calcified band present along proximal mar- male is smaller than the female) on the sea
gin), distoflexor margin unarmed. Carpus anemone in shallow water ranging from 5.0
with short longitudinal rugae on lateral sur- to 19.7 m. —
face, series of rugae along extensor margin Distribution. The type locality is Oki-
present on first and second legs but absent nawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern
on third leg; distoextensor margin unarmed. Japan. As mentioned above, Masuda (1999)
Propodus approximately as long as carpus showed a photograph of this species from
and 2.7 (third leg)-3.2 (first leg) times as Bali Island, In—donesia.
long as high; lateral surface withvery short, Etymology. The specific name is de-
transverse rugae; flexor margin provided rived from the Latin, spinatus (with spines),
with pair of movable spines at distal end, referring to the possession of supraocular
lateral spine larger than mesial. Dactyl ter- spines. —
minating in strongly curved claw; flexor Remarks. Miyake (1937) described
margin with 2 movable spines, distal spine Neopetrolisthes ohshimai for a male/female
larger than proximal. pair of unusual crabs living symbiotically
Males with pair of developed pleopods with a large sea anemone. Neopetrolisthes
on second abdominal somite (Fig. 3E); pro- is closely allied to Petrolisthes Stimpson,
topod with few setae on proximal region; 1858, but is considered to differ from the
endopod not tapering distally (with broadly latter in several morphological characters.
rounded apex), with numerous setae except The features of Neopetrolisthes that distin-
for proximal region, those on outer margin guish it from Petrolisthes include: the car-
longer and stiff; exopod small, ovate, na- apace is elongate and the dorsal surface is
ked. Pleopods on third to fifth abdominal strongly convex; the rostrum is laminated
somites each reduced to small, rounded, in- and lacks a median longitudinal groove on
conspicuous rudiment with small pore. Fe- the dorsal surface (the dorsal surface is
males with pairs of developed pleopods on gradually oblique towards the median lon-
third to fifth abdominal somites, those on gitudinal line); the eyes are small; the che-
fourth and fifth s—omites large. lipeds are short and the palms are much
Color (Fig. 4). The carapace, abdomen, flattened and broad; and the ambulatory
and chelipeds are usually covered with very legs are subcylindrical and have few setae
small red sp^ in pale or deep, reddish and spines.
brown backgr^ 1, except for the elevated Johnson (1960) concluded that Neope-
regions of white color or having few num- trolisthes was not distinct enough to war-
ber ofspots. In the holotype, the frontal and rant generic status and placed it in synon-
lateral regions of the carapace have white ymy with Petrolisthes arguing that the dis-
background. Meri of ambulatory legs have tinguishing characters provided by Miyake
very small red spots on deep reddish brown (1937) do not reflect a proper generic
background proximally, remaining parts of boundary. It is true that most ofthe generic
merus and following segments usually characters ofNeopetrolisthes are also found
white. in some or many species ofPetrolisthes. In
168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 3. Neopetrolisthes spinatus, new species. Holotype, male (NSMT-Cr 13062, CL 8.6 mm). All append-
ages dissected from left side. A, first ambulatory leg, lateral; B, same, dactyl and distal region of propodus,
lateral; C, second ambulatory leg, lateral; D, third ambulatory leg, lateral; E, pleopod on second abdominal
somite, internal. Scales equal 1.0 mm.
particular, it seems difficult to distinguish seen in Petrolisthes haplodactylus Haig,
each of the two genera by the size and 1988 (see Haig 1988: fig. 4D). The third
structure of the eyes, chelipeds, and am- thoracic stemite incompletely divided from
bulatory legs. The elongate carapace can be the fourth sternite is observed in Neope-
observed in Petrolisthes virgatus Paulson, trolisthes spinatus and N. maculatus (per-
1875 (see Lewinsohn 1969: fig. 32a; Na- sonal observation); this seems to be an un-
kasone & Miyake 1972: fig. lA). Neope- usual character in porcellanid crabs. How-
trolisthes spinatus and N. alobatus (see ever, several Indo-West Pacific species of
Laurie 1926: 145, pi. 9, fig. 6, as Petrolis- Petrolisthes such as P. asiaticus (Leach,
thes alobatus) have a median longitudinal 1820), P. fimbriatus Borradaile, 1898, P.
groove on the dorsal surface ofthe rostrum haswelli Miers, 1884, P. lamarckii (Leach,
as in Petrolisthes species. The possession 1820), P. moluccensis (de Man, 1888), P.
of only a distal pair of spines on the flexor pubescens Stimpson, 1858, P. scabriculus
margin of the ambulatory propodus is also (Dana, 1852), P. tomentosus (Dana, 1852),
VOLUME NUMBER
114, 1 169
Fig. 4. NeopetroUsthes spinatus, new species. Entire animal, dorsal. A, holotype, male (NSMT-Cr 13062,
CL 8.6 mm); B, paratype, female (NSMT-Cr 13063, CL 10.6 mm).
P. varicolorOsawa, 1998a, andP. virgatus, As pointed out by Osawa (1995), Pe-
also have this structure with a small or trolisthes is considered a heterogeneous ge-
large, median interruption (personal obser- nus, which is evident even in the zoeal
vation). We believe that the strongly ele- characters. The generic status of Neope-
vated gastric region of the carapace is a troUsthes is supported by the larval mor-
character that clearly distinguishes Neope- phology. Zoeae ofthis genus closely resem-
troUsthes from Petrolisthes. Petrolisthes ble those of the Indo-West Pacific species
species have a flattish or weakly convex of PetroUsthes Group 4 (see Osawa 1995,
body. 1997), but are distinguishable from the lat-
^
170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
terby the setation on the third endopod seg- the Japan Society for the Promotion ofSci-
ment of the second maxilliped through the ence, to the first author.
two zoeal stages. The species of Petrolis-
thes Group 4 have a median seta on the Literature Cited
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& Bwathondi 1974, as Petrolisthes ohshi- cSeoeudtihngPascioffic.thPearZtooIlI.ogMiaccarlurSaocAineotymaolfa.LonPdroon-
mai; personal observation). More accurate 1898:457-468.
—
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1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, underthe commandof
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Charles Wikes, U. S. N. 13: viii+1-685. Phil-
Neopetrolisthes spinatus resembles the
adelphia.
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