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TThhee JJaapapnaesneSeosciee tySociety ffoorr PPllanatnt SSyystsetmaetmicastics ISSN1346-7565 ActaPhytotax.Geobot.58(2/37)8-:82 (2007) A New Speciesof the GenusCurcuma L.,Zingiberaceae ARUNRAT CHAVEERACHi, RUNGLAWAN SUDMOON2, TAWATCHAI TANEE3, NISON SATTAYASAI2 JINTANA SATTAYASAI` and iDepartment ofBiolo gi"iLicul otjy'Slri eKhnocne K,tien Uhiversi4 tIWleo 1n(den ,fZtailan d2D;epartment of Biochemisti pfluculty ofScien eKeho,n 1<den Vhiversii Kjkeon 1<aen .ZEeailan d3f;uculty ofEnvironm eandnt ResourceStudiesM.i2hasarakham UhiversicJMlahasarakham, 7}hailana4D'eparteneent ofPharmacoloRgiyc"lty 1<konKkeen[J)iiversiK(hyon 2<tien7,7lrailand qf'Adedicine , A new species, Curcuma antinaia A. Chaveerach & T. Tanee (Zingibera fcreoma veil)la,ges in Sang Khom Distric tN,ong Khai Province ,northeastern Thailand ,is describe dand illustra tTehed. vil- Iager shave traditionall yused the plant's rhizomes as an antidote for cobra bite sfor many generations. Morphologicall MC. antinaia is similar to C, longt tL., but because ofsome morphological differences and it' psropertie ass an antidote for cobra bites w,e concluded that it is a new species. Key bite Curcuma, Thailand,Zingiberaceae words: cobra antidote, new species, The genus Cureuma L., Zingiberaceae con- propenies ofthe plants ,includin tghe active ingre- sists of about 50 species in Thailand (Sirirugsdaient ,including the qualit yq,uantit ya,ctivity and 1996) .Many species are economic plant bsecause of structure will be submitted elsewhere. their volatile oils and showy flowers .species of Morphologicall yt,he new species is similar Ctireum ahave been used as spices, medicines, dyes, to C. Ionga L., which we fir stthought it was. We foods ,perfumes ,tonic, and as tropical ornarnen- determine dthat it differe fdrom C. Ionga based on tals, For medicinal purposes ,nearly all species of informatio inn Larsen (199 31,996a, 1996b), Larsen Cureuma havebeen (1998)S,irirugsa(19661,996,1998), used worldwide since ancient et aL and times (Sirir u1g9s96a ,Padua et al. 1999) .ln addition Saensouk (2000 W)e, furtih echrecked type speci- to being a cure for common diseases ,some specieS mens in many herbaria (BK ,BKF, BO, KEE KKU, of Citrcuma have been fbund to have strong medi- PE, PNH, SING). Illustratj oofntshe studied spec- cinal properties ,such as antidotes for snake bites imens are shown. Additionall iys,olate sdubstances (Ratanabaiia ent galk ,o19o9n3) and fbr thei ranti- from the rhizomes contain importan tactive ingre- tumor properti e(sBaato uett al, 2004), dient seffective as aii antidote fbr cobra bite s(data In villages in Sang Khom Distric Nto,ng Khai not shown). province n,onheastern Thailand ,the villagers have for many generation straditionall yused the rhi- Curcuma antinaia A. Chaveerac h& T. Tanee, zomes of a widely cultivated species of Curtruma as sp. nov; (Fig s1,. 2) for bitesI.he an antidote cobra anti-venom property Haec species Curcumae longae L. similis, sed rhizoma has been supported by scientific evidence, The ramificatione non tabulari, externe viridi-alba ad fiavo- NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service TThhee JJaapapnaesneSeosciee tySociety ffoorr PPllanatnSyts teSmaytslctsematics Novernber 2007 CHAVEERACH et al.:A new species of Cureuma 79 Rv k'x･ psy' I N e.7sc ", M Ii cm I2em /･1,"N - l lL ,t･t tttt 2cmi 1 t*t.1'' ' ,' ,l･ ,gll tv I,', c D E FIG.1. Curcuma antinaia A. Chaveerach & T. Tlane Ae.. plant habi tB;. an infieresce nCc. ec;oma bract D;. fenil ebrac tE;. bracteole; E side view ofa fiower ;G. enlarged calyx showing apex trilobed; H. corolla; I .dorsa llobe ;J. 1atei allobe ;K. fron tview ofa flvwer with anther; L. anther with 2 long spurs at the base ,style and stigrna; M, stigma; N. fron tview of enlarged fiower. NII-Electronic Library Service TThheJea paJnaespeSaoncieestyefo rSociety for PPllanatnSyts teSmaytsictsematics 80 APG Vbl.58 FIG. 2.Cureuma antinaia A.Chaveerach & T, fanee. NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee JJaapapnaesneSeosciee tySociety ffoorr PPllanatnt SSyystsetmaetmicastics November 2007 CHAYEERACHetat,:A new species of Cupeuma 81 brunnee gantidotum ad morsum colubri cuculati (EJIopicianpeex) shallowly bilobed a,pex oflobes reund, Calyx continente, foli ibsas icuneatis, bractea ecomae planae tubular ,membranous, 1.6-1. 8by O,2-O. 3cm, apex albae basi saccatae apice breve biloba eviolacea ec,alyce trilobed, glabrous, split down one side, ca. O.5 cm glabro longistrors fuimssurat oapice trilobo, corollae long C.broll atube, 2,3-2. c5m long ,glahrous ,white, maulcbroaneat otrilo bmaucer ,onleobo d2o-r3s amml il alto enovgaot,o l ocbucius raltaote raapirciebus lobes 3; dorsa llobe broadly ovate, 1,5-1. 7by 1.8-2 ovatis apice rotundatis, labell ofiavo vel aurantiaco cum cm, saccate, apex hooded, with thorn-lik epoints striae aurantiae ad centrum, ovario glabro. 2-3 mm long ,glahrous l;ater allobes ovate, 1.5-1.7 7>lpus. THAILAND, Northeastern :Nong Khai by 1-1, 2cm, apex round; labellum obovate, yel- Province; Sang Khom District ,300 m elevation, A, low or ligh torange with an orange band along mid- Chaveerach509 (holoB-K [BK63811,includingdried dle frem base to apex, 3-3.2 by 1.5-1, 7cm, apex and spirit materials]; iso- KKU). bilobed iateral shallowly or emarginate; stamin- This species is sirnilar to Cberzrum laonga L,, odes oblong, 1,3-l, 5by O.7-O. 8crn, yellow ,apex but diffe risn rhizome not fia tin branchin ggr,een- round; stamen 1, Mament ca. O.7 cm long ,adnate to white to yellow-brown outside, containing antidote staminodes, anther crested, versatile, ca. 5 by 2 fbr cobra (Elapid abeit)e ;leave scuneate at base; mm, dorsall yhairy )base with 2 long spurs; ovary bra¢ts of corna fia tand whire, saccate at base ,short- inferio grl,al)ro u3s-,locula prl,acerrtat aixoilne; style ly bilobe dand violet at apex; calyx glabrous l,on- 1, filifor cma. 1 cm long ;stigma cup-shaped, ca. 1 gitudinall yfissure dtr,ilobe dat apex; corolla white, mm in diam. trilobed; dorsa llobe widely ovate, hooded, apex Distribution ,Ciireuma antinaia is cultivated mucronate with a mucron 2-3 mm long, lateral in home gardens in several villages in Sang Khom lobes ovate, rounded at apex; labellu ymellow or District N,ong Khai Province in northeastern ligh torange with orange line at the center; ovary Thailand, glabrous. Ecology. open areas in home gardens with 713rrestri ahlerbs, perennial .Roots fibrous, moist clay soil; elevation 3OO-400 m, some stout. Pseudostems erect, to ca. 1 m tall. AJbte sT.he rhizome of Cureunta antinaia is Rhizome branched ,5-10 by 1.5- 2cm, cylindrical, used in tradition amledicine as anti-venom for snake extemally greenish white to yellowish brown ,inter- bites .The vernacular name "Waan Nak Kharat," nally pale yellow or orange (cent praarlt ca. 5 mm m "Nak Kharat" in Thai combines two Bali words diam.) ,contajning cobra bite antidote, Leaves annu- "naka + raja" means "King of Naka7' Buddhists al 6-8; leafsheat hgsreen, glal)rou 3s0,-50 cm long; believ ethat Naka is the god of snakes. It sspecific leafblad eelliptic-oblong, 40-70 by 12-16 cm, both epithet is based on the anti-venom property, surfaces glabrous ,base cuneate, apex acute to Citreum aantinaia has some similarities with C acuminate, margin entire or slightly undulate, longa L. (Linnae 1u7s53, Baker 1890, Gagnepain Inj7orescenc deesvelope don pseudostem ,12-15 by 1908, Burtt & Smith 1983; synonym C, domestiea 6-8 cm; peduncle glai)rous ,enclosed in sheaths of Valet. :Valeton 1918, Ridley 1924, Holttum 1950, two lowest leaves ,20-30 cm long; bract simbri- Henderson 1954, Wu & Larsen 2000), such as rhi- cate; fenil beracts broadly ovate-broadly elliptic, 5- zome branched ,inflorescen cdeeveloped on pseu- 5.3 by 3-3.2 cm, ligh tgreen ,glabrous ,saccate, dostem, leafblade selliptic-oblong, glal)ro uasp,ex margin free ,apex obtuse; coma bracts flat ,base shortly acuminate; ferti lberact spale green ,apex saccate, elliptic-oblong, 6-7 by 2.5-2. 7cm, white obtuse; labellu mobovate, yellowis hwith central with violet apex, glabrous ;bracteole sobovate- yellow band; anther spurred at base. oblong, 2.7- 3by 1,3-1. 5cm, membranous, glabrous, Character sdiffere nftrom the new species are NII-Electronic Library Service TThhee JJaapapnaesneSeosciee tySociety ffoorr PPllanatnt SSyystsetmaetmicastics 82 APG Vbl. 58 mizome fia itn branchng; rhizome externally orange , 1996a ,TIhe Zingiberaceae in the Malaysian region. or brigh tyellow, not containing active ingredients Proceedings of the Second Symposium on the for cobra bite antidotes; leaf base attenuate; coma Family Zingiberaceae 9th -12th MaM 1995, South bract sspreading, white and green ,sometimes tinged CUhniinvaer sIintsyt Pirtuets eso f,G uBaontgaznhyo. up.p. 10-14. Zhongshan reddish purple, apex acute; calyx puberulent a,pex . 1996b .A prelimiri acrheycklist ofthe Zingiberaceae unequally 3-toothe dc;orolla pale yellow ,lobes del- ofThailand. Thai Forest Bull. ,Bot, 24: 35-49. toid, central one 1arge ra,pex mucronate; labellum Larsen ,K., J. M. Lock, H. Maas & P, J, M, Maas. 1998, yellowis hwith central, yellow band; ovary sparsely Zingiberacea ei.n: KurbitZki K,. (ed. T)h,e Families hairy. and Genera of Nlascul aPr!ant s4: 474-495, Springer, New Ybrk. Other speeimens examined. THAILAND: Nong Padua, L. D., N. Bunyapraphatsara & R. H. M. J. Khai Province ,Sang Khom Distric At. CItaveerac h509 Lemmens, 1999. Plant Resources of South-East (BK) ;Kanchanaburi Province ,J.F. MZixwell 87-882 Asia No.12(1): Medicinal and Poisonous Plant s1. (BKF) S;akolnakor nProvince, Phnphan National Park, S. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Stiensouk5(KKU), Ratanabanangkoon K, C,Cherdchu& P.Chudapongse, SINGAPORE. Botanic Gardens, Ginger Gardens, 1993. Studie son the cobra neurotoxin inhibitihg Ullrich, D., Gwee, A.Z GMI1 (SING). activity in an extract of Cdereuma sp, (Zingiberaceae) rhizome, Southeast Asia Journal of Tropical' References Medicinal and Publi cHealth 24(1) :178-185. RidleM H. N. 1924. The Flora of the Malay Peninsul avol. 4.L.Reeve,London. BaatoutS.,H.DerrajiP,.JacquetD,. Ooms, A.Michaux & M, Mergeay, 2004, Effec tof Cletreum oan radiation Saensouk S. 2000, A study on morphologM chromosome induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. Inter- and polle nofthe fatnil Zyingiberacea ein Phu Phan national Journal ofOncology 24: 321-329. National Park. MSc thesis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,Thailand, BalcegJ.G.1890.Scitamineaei.n:Hooker,J.D.(ed.F)l,. B ri t.I nd 6: 198-264, Sirirugs Ra 1966. The genus Ctfreuma (Zingiber ainceae) B ur t t,B. L,& R . M. Smith.1983.Zingiberaceaei.n: Thailand D.epartrnen otfBiologyl Facult yofScierice, G ag n eDtD hpeaelas his Finla,o ,nIF ran.ayd 1i ao9afk0,e8 C .,MeZ.yi l nDog.in b (4e:er ad5 c0 e.A0a)e, .RO,Iexh vf:ibLserecddo Hm&ta enI,dBH Hb,.o (oN eek wtdo.), P.oc efr1a eit9nh9 c9e6 Set.oTehf hc- eSo1 ong2dent mhgS iMkysaml y Cpa}Ulo nsa1iii9vu9rem5er ,u esonSmfioTa tuthShatyioehl} nFaCngahdml.iicnll ayP a IZrn.iosnctgeiietbduem torgfeas- Fl. Ind o- Chine 6: 24-121. Botany. pp. 39-46. Zhongshan Universit yPress, Guangzhou, Henderson,M. R. 1954,Malayan WildFlowers Meno- cLoutmylpeudorn,s, The Malayan Nature Societ yK,uala .t h1e9i9 8ru,s esT.h aPiu rZie nAgpipbLer aCcheeame.: S7p0e(c1i1e) s :2d1i1v1e.rsit aynd Holtmm, R, E, 1950 .The Zingiberacea eof the Malay Valeto nT,. 1918. New notes on the Zingiberacea eof Java Malaya Bull,Jard.Bot. PeninsulaG.ard.Bull,Singapore13(1):1-249. and n archipelago. Larsen ,K. 1993. The Zingiberacea oefThailand. Depart- Buitenzor gser. 2, 27: 1-166. Wu, D,-L,& K.Larsen.2000.ZingiberaceaeF,l.China ment of Systematic Botany, Aarhus University, 24:322-377. Aarhus. Received Jbnuary C 2e06L 'accepted Mbreh 2a 2007 NNIII-IE-leEcltreoncitcronic Library Service