A NEW SPECIES OF SILENE IN THE SILENE HOOKERI COMPLEX (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) FROM THE KLAMATH MOUNTAINS OF SHASTA-TRINITY NATIONAL FOREST, TRINITY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

2006·3.4 MB·English

by  Thomas W Nelson

Madrono, Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 72-76, 2006
A NEW SPECIES OF SILENE IN THE SILENE HOOKERI
COMPLEX (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) FROM THE KLAMATH MOUNTAINS OF
SHASTA-TRINITY NATIONAL FOREST, TRINITY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA
Thomas W. Nelson and Jane P. Nelson
CA
4244 Fairway Drive, Eureka, 95503-6413
janetomnel@humboldt .com
1
Susan A. Erwin
P.O. Box 1190, Weaverville, CA 96093
[email protected]
Abstract
Silene salmouacea T.W. Nelson, J. P. Nelson and S.A. Erwin is here described as new and
illustrated; endemictothe Klamath MountainsofShasta -TrinityNational ForestwestofClairEngle
Lake. Silenesahnouaceaiscomparedwith SilenehookeriNutt. and SileneholanderiA. Gray. A keyto
the three members ofthe S. hookericomplex is included.
Key Words: Silene, serpentine. Trinity County, Weaverville Formation, Shasta-Trinity National
Forest, Clair Engle Lake, California.
Description Type: USA, CA, Trinity County, T36N R8W
sect. 22 SE'/4 NWA. UTM 4534856N 0519803E.
Silene salmonacea T.W. Nelson, J. P. Nelson Elev. 104N3Wm (3421 ft). Shasta-Trinity National
and S. A. Erwin, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-3). Perennes; Forest. of Forest Service Road 36N25
rhizoniata tenuia ramose. Ad radicemmmpalarem (County Road 123) ca. % mile NW from bridge
profundam affixa; caules erecti 5-14 longi over Cement Creek. Serpentine hillside recently
canescentes; folia congestma,mparibus 3^, spatmhum- disturbed by logging. 3 June 2004. T. W. Nelson
lati-oblanceolata, 25 35 longa, 4-6 (-8) & S. A. Envin 9218 (HOLOTYPE: HSC;
lata; inflorescentia terminalis floribus 2-3 (-A); Isotypes: CAS, RM, UC, MO, MICH.)
calyx distincte 10 nervatis; corolla limbo salmo- Paratypes: USA, CA, Trinity County: T36N
naceo in lobos4 fere equales diviso, unguis viridis R8W sect. 22 SE % NE %. Elev. 1020 m
basi albus; appendices petaloideae viridesmvmel (3400 ft). About 400 m NW of crossing of
albae, lineares, 2 in quoque petalo, 1.8 2 Cement Creek by Forest Service Rd. 36N25. 4
longae 0.5-1 mm latae; antherae longiexertae; June 2002. D W. Taylor 18097, (HSC); Haylock
stylus inclusa. Ridge above Smith Gulch, Trinity Lake, T34N
Perennial; stems 5 14 mm long; erect from thin R9W sects. 1 & 12. 11 June 1978. S. Homer s.n.
branching rhizome system arising from deep, (Shasta-Trinity National Forest Herbarium);
thickened tap root, gray-green, canescent; cauline T34N R9W sect. 12. UTM 45128106N
cleeoalvaetse,3-245-p3a5irms,mcrloonwgd,ed4,6spa8t)humlamtewitdoe,obglraany-- 0Se5r1v4i6c5e3ER.oaEdlev3.47N7840mbe(t2w5e8e0nftr).oaAdlson3g4NF7o3res&t
(
green, the lowest inuch reduced in size; inflores- 34N71. Open areas in mixed evergreen forest and
cence terminal, 2-3 (^) flowered; calyx giay- road banks. 8 June 2005. T. W. Nelson & S. A.
green, canescent, distinctly 10 nerved, 18-23 mm Erwin 9342 (HSC); T34N R4W sect. 6. UTM
long, teeth ciliate, lanceolate, 4-7 mm long, 4519536N 0514929E. Elev. 845 m (2815 ft).
expanding in fruit; limb ofcorolla salmon-orange Along Forest Service Road 34N80 in opening in
colored (Fig. 3), palmately partite into 4 nearly mixed evergreen woodland. 8 June 2005. T. W.
equal obtuse lobes, the lobes 8 10 mm long, Nelson & S. A. Ernin 9345 (HSC). Duplicates are
mm
inner 2 lobes 2.4 2.5 wide, the outer 2 lobes to be distributed.
mm
1.75 2 wide, the limb considerably wider Susan Erwin found two inore populations
than claw; claw glabrous, green becoming white each with less than five plants; so no collec-
at base; petal appendages 2, linear, 1.8 2miTi tions were made. The locations are: Trinity
mm
long, 0.5 1.0 wide, light green to white, County, west of Clair Engle Lake on the iron
contrasting with salmon colored limb; filaments rich soil of the Weaverville Formation. T34N
16-17 mm long, long exerted; styles 3, ca. 9 mm R8W sect. 19. Elev. 900 iti (2952 ft) at the
long, included; ovary 4 mm long, green; seeds junction of roads 34N94 & 34N17Y and the
reniform, reddish-brown, 2.18 X 1.5 mm, strong- other at T34N R9W sect. 9. Elev. 930 m (3650 ft)
ly papillate, the papillae in parallel rows (Fig. 2). along road 1 13.
I
2006] "HEhSON ET A\^.: SILENESALMONACEA 73
Fig. 1. Illustration ofSileuesa/monacea: A. Mature plant at anthesis. B. Flower in longitudinal section. C. Petal
showing appendages.
MADRONO
74 [Vol. 53
1
mm
Fig. 2. Photograph ofthe seeds ofSilene salmonacea. Seeds are approximately 2 in length.
Silene sahnonacea appears to be very rare, as it of S. hookeri and S. ingrami and S. pulverulenta
is only known from the type locality and five to synonyms of subsp. hookeri. In their revision
other sites. The populations range in number of Silene, Hitchcock and Maguire (1947) recog-
from 3 to 250 plants. It has been found on nized three subsps. ofS. hookeri: subsps. hookeri,
serpentine soils and the iron rich soils of the holanderi and pulverulenta. Munz and Keck
Weaverville Formation of the low hills of the (1959) and Morton (2005) recognized only
Klamath Mountains west of Clair Engle Lake, subsps. hookeri and holanderi. Wilken (1993)
where it occurs on either open serpentine or only recognized a highly variable S. hookeri.
openings in mixed evergreen forests at elevations During our studies of the S. hookeri complex,
from 845 to 1043 m. we concluded that based on the different
Incompletedescriptions(oftenbasedonasingle characters shown in Table 1, S. holanderi should
specimen) have added some confusion to the be recognized as a separate species rather than
treatment to the Silene hookeri complex. Nuttall a subspecies ofS. hookeri. Thus we consider, the
(1838) described Silene hookeri based on a single S. hookeri complex to consist of S. hookeri, S.
specimen collected by Dr. Gardiner, and no type holanderi and S. salmonacea. This is also the
or lectotype has ever been designated. Gray concept being followed by Hartman (personal
(1868) named S. holanderi but with no mention communication) in his forthcoming revision for
of its lack of petal appendages. Tidestrom and the Jepson Manual.
Dayton (1929) described S. ingranii based on These three taxa ofthe S. hookeri complex are
a single incomplete specimen. They also failed to easily distinguished. Silene holanderi is separated
describe any petal appendages. Peck (1932) from the other two because it lacks petal
described S. pulverulenta based on a single in- appendages and is the only member with white
complete specimen. His prolog was mostly flowers. In addition to differences in petal color,
written in Latin with only a brief commentary S. hookeri can be easily separated from S.
in English that included no comments about the salmonacea by the fact that the anthers are
petal appendages. included while those of S. salmonacea are long
Subsequent to these species descriptions, exerted. Additional details are included in
Abrams (1944) reduced S. bokinderi to a subsp. Table 1.
2006] NELSON ET AL.: SILENE SALMONACEA 75
Fig. 3. Photograph ofSilene salmonacea at type locali
A Key to the California Silene hookeri Acknowledgments
Complex
We wish to thank Dr. Guy Nesom for the Latin
A. Petal appendages absent; hmbs white or descriptionand MsChristanaPalenofortheillustration.
tinted green Silene bolanderi We also wish to thank Dr. Ronald Hartman (RM) and
AB.' APenttahlearpspeinndcalguedsed2,; lpiemtbasl plionbkesoresiatlhemron-2oreaancghe sDurg.gesRtiicohnoRnabiemlperrovi(nMgItChiHs)papfeorr. Wtheeierspeccoinasltlryutchtainvke
with a small lateral tooth or 4 and unequal; Dr. James P. Smith, Jr. and Robin Bencie for access to
limb and claw pink adaxially, white abax- the excellent collections at HSC. We also thank Sydney
ially Silene hookeri Carothersforassistanceinthefieldandforprovidingthe
B' Anthers excluded, petals with 4 nearly equal photograph of the seeds of S. salmonacea. We are
parallel lobes; limbs salmon-orange, clawswhite grateful to Dr. Dean Wm. Taylor forbringingthis very
becoming green at base Silenesalnionaeea different and rare Silene to our attention.
.
Table 1. Morphological Comparison of Species in the Silenehookeri Complex.
Silene salmonacea Silene bolanderi Silene hookeri
Petal colors Limb salmon-orange. Limb and claw both Limb and claw pink
Claw white becoming white tinted green adaxially, white
green at base abaxially
Lobes oflimb 4, equally palmately 4, equally palmately 2 lobes each with a
dissected nearly to dissected nearly to small lateral tooth
base, tip obtuse base, tip acute or 4 unequal lobes
Petal appendages 2 0 2
Stems 1-2, reclining to erect 13, erect from thin 3-5, reclining from root
from thin rhizomes rhizomes crown
Anthers Long exerted Long exerted Included
MADRONO
76 [Vol. 53
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Vol. II. Polygonaceae to Krameriaceae. Stanford NUTTALL, T. in Torrey & Gray. 1838. Fl. N. Amer.
University Press, Stanford University, CA.
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Hitchcock, C. L. and B. Maguire. 1947. A revision TiDESTROM, I. AND W. A. Dayton. 1929. A new
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