A new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from the Alto Mayo, San Martin, Peru

2009·3 MB·English

by  Michael O Dillon

AmaUoa
07 2009
16{]): - 12, ISSN: 1815-8242
A
new
Magnolia from
of (Magnoliaceae)
species the Alto
Mayo, San
Martin, Peru
Una
nueva especie de Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) Mayo,
del Alto
San
Peru
Martin,
Michael
O. Dillon
Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605,
USA. [email protected]
Isidoro Sanchez Vega
Departamento de Herbario CPUN, Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca, Apartado
Biologia,
55,
Cajamarca, PERU, [email protected]
A
new species of Magnoliaceae, Magnolia bankardiorum, is described from the Altomayo region in the Department of San
Martin, Pern. An illustration, photographs, and a discussion of potential relationships are presented. The new species rare and
is
Se describe una nueva especie de Magnoliaceae, Magnolia bankardiorum, procedente de la cuenca alta del rio Mayo, provincia
e Rioja, Departamento de San Martin, Peru Se acompaiia una ilustracion, fotografias y se replantea una discusion de las relaciones
lecie nueva es rara y consideramos que su actual distribucion en el area tipo de coleccion esta en peligro
n del habitat
Introduction
^^
^'8^-
"°^-
^P"
The Magnoliaceae has 225-240 species with
^
oniameu in icw iwu -p^g. j^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^
ai,
pgj^^
j^^j^
p^^
genera or a many as nine, depending upon concepts ^^^ ^g^ ^^^
^-^^^^ V^^^^
p^^^^ ^ ^^
adopted (Dandy, 1927; Kawasaki, 2004). It is distributed
RioSerranoyacu, 1120 ni,5°40'S,77°38W, Jun
15 1998./.
^
^^
in temperate Asia and eastern North America to tropical ^^^^^ ^ ^ 2^^^
^.^^^„ g^^g
(Holotype:
The
and South America. Neotropical species
subtropical
p
uj^catg)
range from Mexico to Brazil and the West hidies. .The
m
greatest diversity in the Neotropics is in Colombia with Arbor 8-15 usque alta Lamina foliorium elliptica,
cm cm
2-
24 declines southward This marks 15.5-18.5 longa, 7.5-9.5 lata coriacea; petiole
ca. species; diversity
cm
only the third species recorded for Peru and only the 3.5 longo utraque margine cicatrice stipulari. Flos
cm
ca
from Peruvian The singularis terminalis; sepala 4.5 longa, 1.5-2
second to be described material. 3,
cm cm cm
new was over a decade ago lata; petala alba 5-5.5 longa 1.2-1.5 lata;
following species collected 8,
mm
while exploring and documenting the flora of the Rio stamina 10-15 longa, apice sterili triangulari;
mm
&
Mayo San Martin (Dillon carpella 13-15, connata apice libera stylis 3-4 longis.
Alto watershed in northern
cm cm
ca
Fructus ovoideus, 2 longa, 1.2-1.5 crassa
Sanchez, 2001 Sanchez et 2002).
al.,
;
A
& new
Dillon Sanchez: species of Magnolia from Alto Mayo, Peru
cm cm
elliptic, 15.5-18.5 long, 7.5-9.5 wide, coriaceous, category within a broadly defined and monophyletic
mm
apex Magnolia (Magnolia Magnolia
obtuse-apiculate, the tip acute, ca. 5 long, bases subgen. section
s.l.
&
cuneate, subequal; surfaces abaxially and adaxilly Talauma) The
(Frodin Govaerts, 1996). present species
may
glabrous. Flowers terminal; sepals 3, oblong to obovate, well have the fleshy fiuits characteristic of Talauma;
cm cm
ca. 4.5 long, 1.5-2 wide, pale green, obtuse; petals however, the broad Magnolia generic concept
is
cm cm
8, white, oblong, 5-5.5 long, 1.2-1.5 wide, obtuse; accepted in this study with the acknowledgement that
mm
stamens early deciduous, strongly curved, 10-15 long, future changes in classification are possible as our
apex triangular, sterile; carpels 13-15, connate, apices free, knowledge of South American taxa increases,
mm
3^
styles long. Fruit (immature) ovoide to ovate, ca.
^^
was
family not treated by MacBride the Flora
cm cm in
unknown
2 long 2-1 5 wide- seeds
1
&
ofPeru series and the family was not recorded in Brako
specimens examined Zarucchi (1993). The family was reported from Pern by
Additional
Lozano and was known by Alwyn
(1994) to occur there
PERU. Dept San
Martin.
Prov. Rioja. Dist. Pardo Miguel, Gentry, who had coUected with the senior author (MOD)
it
entre Aguas Verdes y Perla del Mayo, 1150 m, 5°39'S, 1978 Amazonas MO)
in in Dept. {Gentry et ai 22968,
G
77°38"W, 15 Jul 1999, Sdnchez-Vega, M. Zapata, and
/. several additional collections.
&
Dieguez 10062 CPUN).
[herico. R.
(F,
This marks Magnolia
the third recorded for Peru
^ s.l.
and the first from the uplands of the selva alta of DepL
San The two
Martin. other species were
originally
Talauma
(Lozano, 1994) from lowland
bqja typically below 500 m. The
Ducke)
Govaerts widely
distributed
is
with from
reports Brazil
The
type was on
locality
:
the steep slopes of a quebrada directly above the Rio
ing Amazonas, Cusco,
Serranoyacu which contained a mixed evergreen
forest
Madre
Junin, Loreto, de Dios, and Pasco. The second,
at 1120-1 150m(Fig.3). Since a very few were M
individuals
rimachii (Lozano) Govaerts was described from Dept
encountered 1998 and assumed
in 1999, a
it is that this is
Loreto and has been recorded from lowland
localities in
rather narrow endemic confined While
to the region.
Bolivia and Ecuador. Both
these taxa are readily
there have been reports of a Magnolia from
south
fiirther
distinguished from M. bankardiorum by former
the
Mayo
in the Rio Alto watershed Quipuscoa,
(V.
pers.
much
species
larger, elliptic to obovate or strap-shaped
may
com.), be more
that this species has a extended
it
cm
25-30
leaves, long.
range. Collections from
these areas Quipuscoa
(e.g., et
HUSA) 0"r
al 3923, have not been examined species falls into Lozano's (1994) group of
in this study
Neotropical Magnolia with ellipsoid fewer than 30
fruits,
and
Diversity The
relationships:
segregate genera and
carpels, glabrous intemodes, such M. henaoi
as,
Talauma
Juss. and Dugandiodendron Lozano
have been
(Lozano) Govaerts described from Colombia elevations
at
distinguished from Magnolia by having
fruits with of nearly 2000 m, and M. morii (Lozano) Govaerts fiom
partially and
ftised follicles circumscissile dehiscence lowland forests in Panama at 350 m. These two species
(Lozano, Lozano
1994). (1983, 1994) accepted Talauma have oblong - and
elliptic leaves with acute apices
at the generic have most
level, as
floristic woriceis (Nee, narrowly M. bankardiorum,
elliptic apical buds. In in
1994). Molecular by Nie
studies al and
et (2008)
othere
contrast, the leaves are elliptic to oval, obtuse apically
(Azumae/a/.,2001;Kime/a/.
2001;Qiue/a/.,
1993),have and with a with terminal acute The gynoecium is
tip.
be a monophyletic
3 group; ovate to globose, not ellipsoidal, and the 13-15 caipels
Amaldoa 07 -12,2009
\6(\):
lagnolia from Alto Mayo, Per
Flower B. Flower buds. C. Leaf (drawn from Sanchez et 9338,
al. \
.
&
Dillon Sanchez
tightly fused. Further, the petals
; in 1999. again, an single individual was e
rrower and distinct from any of previously
the area of the t>pe kxality. in June 2008, after neariy a
mentioned conge
we
decade, Mayo
returned to the upper Rio Alto
valley
await planned molecular
studie South American
Magnoliaceae Wen, com
(J. pers. near Aguas We
Verdes. visited the type and
locality
were dismayed
that the forest had largely been clear cut
cm
the region of
and
planted
in coffee. probable
It is that additional trees
somewhere
we
exist in the area, but at present, fear that
it
We
is extirpated in the locality of the type
collection. are
orbicular shape and cm
in
slightly shorter
at ca. long.
1 1
continuing our
efforts at finding this beautiful, rare and
The
differences may
in leaf shape be due
to
endangered
species, emblematic of organisms
threaten
all
en\ ironmental
or seasonal
differences, but
until further
samples are made,
of
interpretation phenotypic
this
variability not
is possible.
Conservation When w
status:
wa
his species
I
small we
tree species were
in 998, only
1
finding one
individual during our search of
iversidad de
C'ajair
was
initial studies provided, par
in
one
in
locality.
Geographic
Society Grant
5791-',
the second
author (ISV)
1 returned
to the
holotype (Sanchez
Magnolia baakardiorum. z et a/. 9338, F).
I
ew
Magnol
species of
Mayo
field studies in the Alto region and efforts to locate Literature cited
this species were supported by the Bankard South
Azuma,
H., J.G. Garcfa-Franco, Rico-Gray,
V.
&
American Research Fund and Museum. We
the Field L.B. Thien. 2001. Molecular phylogeny of the
many
thank
the people that helped with our
efforts in the
Am.
temperate disjunctions. Bot. 88: 2275-2285.
J.
field, on the road, and in the laboratory, including Blgo.
Mario
Zapata, Ing. Roberto Dieguez, Blgo. Segundo
Leiva, Blgo. Victor Quipuscoa, Manuel
Blgo.
Cabanillas,
Hugo
Julio Hidalgo, Sr
Sr. Vela, Aquilo
Sr. Vargas,
Sr.
Gustavo
Iberico Vela, Sr Emerson Vaigas, and Lalo
Sr.
Nancy
Martell. Dr. Hensold
aided herbarium and
in library
on
research and Mayo
this other species fi-om the Alto
We
collections. thank Ms. Nancy Klaud URL:
for her beautiful Martin, Peru) http://www.sacha.org/envir/
&
and
photographs. Frodin, D. R. Govaerts. 1996. World checklist and
U.K.: Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew.
&
C-W.
Kim,
of the Institute Nacional de Recursos Naturales S. Paik, Y.-D. Kim, Y. Shu. 2001. Phylogenetic
NDHF
relationships family Magnoliaceae from
(INRENA) in inferred
Moyobamba
in Rioja and and
their
magnificent Plan Maestro 2008-2013. The
authors are
Lozano-C,
G.
pleased to have been helpfijl in the development of a Colombia. Ed
conservation and management
plan for the Bosque de
Lozano-C,
G.
Proteccion Alto Mayo. Our was
inventory
floristic the
first effort at establishing baseline data for this area and
our
efforts in the laboratory and herbarium
continue
to
circumscribe we
the rich biodiversity
continue
to
Wen,
Nie, Azuma,
Z..
J., H., Qiu, Y., Sun, H., Meng,
Y.,
W.
Sun, and Zimmer,
E.A. 2008. Phylogenetic and
We
wish
to give a special acknowledgement
to the biogeographic
complexity
of Magnoliaceae
the
in
late Dr. Gustavo Lozano-Contreras Northern Hemisphere from
(1938-2000), noted inferred three nuclear data
Molecular
sets. Phylogenetics and
Evolution
Colombian 48(3)-
botanist and Professor of Botany
the
at
1027-1040.
de
Institute Ciencias
Naturales de
Universidad
la
Nacional He
in Bogota. contributed so much our
to
knowledge of
Neotropical Magnol
iaceae
1
valuable
foundation
for future worfc.