A new species of Dasineura (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) injurious to buds of Brassica spp. (Cruciferae) in Haryana

4 Pages·1991·2.4 MB·English

by  R M Sharma

.
NEW DESCRIPTIONS 429
with exteriorfringe; penial valvequitelow. Flowerrecord: Callistomumsp.
Measurements (in mm.): Total length 14.5; eyes: Thenewspeciesdescribedaboveiscloselyre-
length 3.02, lateral width 1.4, distances of upper, lated to Megachile ceylonica Bingham, 1897
median and lower interspaces 3.02, 2.7 and 2.5: (reported from Ceylon andTenasserim, I havealso
clypeus: medianlength 1.3,basalandapical widths trapped it at Madurai, Tamil Nadu). M. ceylonica
1.25and2.4;antennalsockets: distancetoeye0.51, also falls under subgenus Chrysosarus s. str. of
to clypeus 0.8, to median ocellus and to each other genus Chrysosarus (diagnosis: wings pale-yellow
0.9 and 0.9; antennae: length ofscape 1.0, pedicel withtestaceousveins,tegulaetestaceous,marginof
0.25,flagellarsegments1st0.3,Ilnd0.35,Vlth 0.4, hypostome not at all produced below the man-
Xlth0.6andbreadthofVlth0.3andXlth0.4;lateral dibles).Henceanewcombinationissuggested.Be-
ocelli: distance to eye 0.55, to occipital margin 1.0 sides the subgeneric characters, ceylonica further
and to each other 0.7; labrum: median length 1.5, differsfromtamiliensisinitstetradentatemandible,
basalandapicalwidth 1.7and 1.1; scutum: median Vlthtergalcarinamarginwithoutserrationoneither
length and maximum width 3.15 and 4.5; scutel- sidesofmedian incurve; apicesofgono-coxitesnot
lum: medianlengthofdorsalsurface 1.1;forewing: trilobed and overall body pubescence goJden-yel-
total length 9.0 and length ofradial cell 2.25; rela- low.
tive median widths of terga 1st to Vlth: 2.7, 4.5,
Acknowledgements
4.55,4.5, 3.7and3.0.
FEMALE:Notknown. IthankDrs. S.I. Farooqi andS.L. Gupta,both
Material examined: Holotype: male, Gandhi senior scientists at the Entomology Division,
MemorialPark,Madras (TamilNadu), 8July 1981, I.A.R.I., New Delhi, for facilities and guidance in
Coll.RajivK. Gupta(N.P.C.,DivisionofEntomol- thepreparationofthismanuscript.
ogy, I.A.R.I.,New Delhi); noparatype.
References
Bingham,C.T.(1897):Hymenoptera,Vol.I,WaspsandBees.In: Megachile.Ann.Entomol.Soc.Amer.36:656-671
W.T. Blandford’s the Fauna of British India. Taylor & Mitchell, T.B. (1980): Agenericrevisionofthemegacchiline
Francis,LondonCCIC:p.482. beesoftheWesternHemisphere. Contr. Deptt. Entomol.,
Mitchell, T.B. (1943): On the classfification of Neotropical NorthCarolinastateUniversity,Raleigh,N.C.,p.72.
ANEWSPECIES OFDASINEURA (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) INJURIOUS TO
BUDS OFBRASSICA SPP. (CRUCIFERAE) IN HARYANA1
R.M. Sharma2and Harvir Singh3
(Withthirteentext-figures)
Anewspeciesofcecidomyiidfly,DasineurahisarensiswhichbreedsinthebudsofBrassicacampestris L.var.
toria B.rapaL.var.glaucaandB.juncea(Linn.)CzemandCoss sub. sp.junceaLinn,atHisar,Haryanastate,has
,
beendescribedandillustrated.Theavailablebiologicalinformationonthisspeciesisalsoincluded.
Introduction thebudsofBrtm/ozcampestrisL.var.toria,B.rapa
L. var. glauca and B. juncea (L.) sub. sp. juncea
In the year 1988, a large number of Linn, atHaryanaAgriculturalUniversity,Hisar.On
cecidomyiidflieswerebredbyoneofus(HS) from closer examination all these flies were determined
as assignable to a new species under the genus
Dasineura Rondani. Until 1981, Dasineura Ron-
AcceptedMarch 1990. dani, a genus of Phytophagous cecidomyiids was
ZoologicalSurveyofIndia,WesternRegionalStation, represented in India by six species (Grover 1981).
Pune411005.
departmentofPlantBreeding,HaryanaAgricultural Sharma (1987) added one more to the list and the
University, Hisar125004. presentspeciesis theeighth.
7
430 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. 87
05mm
0
Fig. 2-13
Figs. 1-13.Dasineurahisarensissp.nov.
1.Wing (male);2. Genitalia(dorsalview);2a.Dorsalandsubdorsalplates.3.Claw (male); 4.Claw (female);5. Palpus(male);6.
Scape,pedicel,thirdandfourthantennalsegments(male);7.Terminaltwoantennalsegments(male);8.Fifthantennalsegment(male);
9.Palpus(female);10.Scape,pedicel,third,fourthandfifthantennalsegment(female);11.Terminaltwoantennalsegments(female);
12.Sternal spatula; 13.Ovipositor.
NEW DESCRIPTIONS 431
Dasineurahisarensis sp.nov.(Figs. 1-13 ) shorter than terminal tarsal segment, second seg-
ment (63) longest ofall, longer than the following
MALE:Body2.20mm. long,lightyellowish-brown. segments combined together(53); claw (7) dentate
Eyesconfluentabove.Trophinormal.Palpus4-seg- onalllegs,evenlycurved;empodiumbroadorelon-
mented, pale brown, sparsely setose, moderately gated, longerthan claw (11).
4
long,firstsegment(10: 7) cylindrical,length 1.42 Genitalia: Lightbrown,sparselysetose,basal
x its maximum thickness; second sgment (20 : 10) claspsegment(41 : 27)enlargedapically,narrowed
cylindrical, length 2.00 x its maximum thickness; basally with a heavily setose elongated basal lobe,
third segment (32 : 8) cylindrical, longerand thin- length 1.51xitsmaximumapicalwidth,shorterthan
nerthan second, length 4.00 x its maximum thick- terminalclaspsegment;later(48 : 6)slender,even-
ness; fourth segment (32 : 8) cylindrical as long as ly narrowed,ending in a darkpointed tooth, length
thirdand4.00xitsmaximumthickness. 8.00xitsmaximumthickness;dorsalplate(25 :25)
Antenna: Shorterthanbodywith2+ 13 to2+ as long as broad, deeply and broadly bifid, lobes
14 segments (2 + 14 in holotype), segments with broad, rounded apically, sparsely setose; subdorsal
cylindricalenlargementsandlongapical stems: en- plate (20 : 11) shorter and narrower than dorsal
largements with two whorls of setae, basal ones plate, slightly less than twice its maximum width,
much shorter than apical; circumfila ring-like; broadly and deeply incised, lobes elongated, tips
scape (16 24) cup-shaped wider than long; rounded, setose apically; parameres cylindrical,
:
pedicel (15 :16) subglobose: third segment (33) beset with fine setae laterally, bilobed apically,
confluentwithandshorterthanfourth,enlargement slightlyshorterthanaedeagus;later(25 :2)rounded
(20: 15)0.60thelengthofthesegmentand 1.33 its apically,aslongasdorsalplate, lengthalittlemore
maximumthickness,stem (10:6)0.50thelengthof than 12.00x its maximum thickness.
theenlargementand 1.66xitsmaximumthickness; FEMALE:Body2.28mmlong(includingovipositor).
fourthsegment(47)withenlargement(24 :11)alit- Eyes and trophi as in male. Palpus: 4 segmented,
tlemorethanhalfthelengthofthesegmentand2.18 firstsegment(9:7)squarish, 1.28xaslongasthick;
x its maximum thickness, stem (23 : 6) a littleless secondsegment(18:9)cylindrical,twiceaslongas
than thelengthoftheenlargementandslgihtlyless thick; third segment (25 : 7) cylindrical, wide api-
than 4.00 x its maximum thickness; fifth segment cally, 1.38 x longerthan secondand 3.57 x as long
(47) as long as fourth, enlargement (23 : 14) 0.48 as its maximum apical width; fourth segment (34 :
the length ofthe segment and 1.64 x its maximum 6) cylindrical, longest and thinnest of all, 1.36 x
thickness,stem(24 : 6)alittlemorethanthelength longerthan thirdand5.66xaslongasthick.
ofthe enlargement and 4.00 x its maximum thick- Antenna:0.33 the lengthofthebody,with2+
ness, distal flagellar segments gradually becoming 13 to2+ 14,cylindrical,sessilesegments(2+ 13in
shorterandthinner; penultimate segment(26) with allotype), segments with two whorls oflong setae,
anenlargement(15 : 10)0.57thelengthoftheseg- circumfilalow; scape (11 : 15)cup-shaped,pedicel
mentand 1.50xitsmaximum thickness, stem (11 : (14 : 13) subglobose; third segment (25) confluent
3)0.73 thelength oftheenlargementand 3.66x its with and slightly longer than fourth, enlargement
maximumthickness; terminalsegment(18:9)con- (22 : 11)2.00xitsmaximum thickness; fourth seg-
ical,shortestofall,lengthtwiceitsmaximumthick- ment (22 :10) slightly shorter than third, enlarge-
ness. ment2.20x itsmaximum thickness; distal flagellar
Wing:(51:22)hyaline,2.36xaslongasbroad, segments gradually becoming shorter, penultimate
costa sparsely hairy, vein Rj joining costa beyond segment(11 :9) 1.22xaslongasthick;terminalseg-
0.25 the lengthofthe wing,vein R5reachingcosta ment(11 : 9)conical,aslongaspenultimate,length
wellbeforethewingapex,uninterruptedatitsunion 1.22 x its maximum basal width. Wing, legs and
withthelatter,vein Cuforked. clawas in male.
Legs: Long, moderately hairy, metatarsus (6) Ovipositor: exerted, protractile, typical
dasineurine,0.33 thelengthofthebodyandshorter
4Numbers in parentheses indicate length: breadth ratios, than abdomen, terminal lobe (25 : 6) elongate,
measuredwith anoculometer. length 4.16 x its maximum thickness, with a few
432 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. 87
lateral long setae; ventrallobe very small,setulose. segments; proportions of empodium and claw;
Larva:whitishwhenyoung,turnspinkasgrow shapeofbasallobeofbasalclaspsegment;structure
old. Sternalspatulapresent,distally incisedbyaV- of dorsal and subdorsal plates and proportions of
shapedemarginationformingtwolobes:shaftweak- dorsal lamellaofovipositor.
ly sclerotized. The scantbiological information available on
Host Plants: Brassica campestris L. var. the species is summarised. The female lay eggs in
toria,B.rapaL.var.glaucaandB.juncea(L.)Czem flowerbudsbyinsertingitsovipositor.Atthesiteof
andCoss,subsp.junceaL. (Cruciferae). oviposition,aneye-shapedspotisdevelopedwhich
Holotype male,allotypefemaleandparatypes gradually widens. This gall-midge does not form
5 males,8femalesdissectedandmountedon slides, any complex gall. The infestedbuds inflatein size.
4 larvae on slides.Ex. buds ofBrassica campestris Each budmay harbour2-15 larvae inside. Suchin-
L. var. toria HAU, Hisar (Haryana), India 15 Nov. flated buds fail to form pods, retain their normal
1988. HarvirSingh Coll. All types aredeposited in colourtillthelarvaedropoutforpupationinthesoil.
Z.S.I.Puneforthetimebeingandwillbedeposited Latertheinfestedbudsdie,turnblackbutremainat-
in National Zoological Collections, Z.S.I. Calcutta tached to theplanttill harvest. This species is mul-
(Regd.Nos.WRS/ZSI/Ent 10/79 toEnt 10/97). tivoltine. Females outnumber the males (male 42 :
Distribution: India: Haryana state (Hisarand 58 female). Drastic decline in field population oc-
otherdistricts). cursafterthe firstweekofMarch.
Etymology: The specific epithet hisarensis At present, we are uncertain of its economic
refers to the type locality, Hisar in Haryana state, status,largelybecauseinfestationofthisspecieson
India. Brassica plants was encountered only recently.
Dasineura brassicae (Winnertz) commonly However, based on the preliminary field observa-
called the Brassica Pod Midge is known as one of tionsbyoneofus (HS),pestincidencevaried from
the most serious pests ofrape,Brassica napus L., 2-5%dependingonthedifferentagroclimaticzones
B. rapa L. andB. campestrisL. in Europe (Ahman ofHaryana.Thelarvaeofthisspeciesareparasitized
1985). Butthe incidenceofDasineura onBrassica byanunidentifiedchalcid. Theextentofparasitiza-
spp. from Indiaconstitutes thefirstreportformajor tionvariesfrom8.70to18.75% duringDecemberto
rapeseed growing Asian countries (Nepal, Pakis- March.
tan,BangladeshandChina). Acknowledgements
The females of D. hisarensis sp. nov.
resemble the Palaearctic species D. brassicae We thank Prof. M.S. Jairajpuri, Director,
(Winn.) but males differ in the genitalia (as com- Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta; DrR.S. Pil-
municatedintheidentificationreportofC.I.E.Lon- lai,Jt.Director,SRS,MadrasandDrG.M.Yazdani,
don). This new species comes close to D. Scientist-SEandOfficer-in-Charge,WRS,Pune,for
amaramanjarae Grover (1965) and D. psoraleae facilities and encouragement. One of us (HS) is
Sharma (1987) among Indian species affecting in- grateful to Dr. Hari Singh, Senior Scientist (Oil-
florescenceofMangiferaindicaLinn,andPsoralea seeds),HAU,Hisar,forprovidingfacilitiestocarry
corylifolia Linn, respectively; but differs con- outthe survey forthisinsectpestin HaryanaState.
siderably from both the species in having different WealsothanktheDirector,C.I.E.Londonforkind-
number, lengthandbreadthproportionsofantennal lyconfirming the identityofthespecies.
References
Ahman,I.(1985):LarvalfeedingperiodandgrowthofDasineura Grover, P. (1981): A catalogue of Indian gall-midges.
brassicae (Diptera) on Brassica host plants, OIKOS44: CecidologiaInternationale2(2-3):63-108.
191-194. Sharma, R.M. (1987): Dasineura psoraleae (Diptera :
Grover, P. (1965): Studies on Indian gall-midges (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) new Gall-midge infesting inflorescence
Cecidomyiidae) XII. The Mango Blossom Midge. of Psoraleacorylifolia Linn. J.Bombaynat.Hist.Soc.
Dasyneuraamaramanjaraen.sp.Ann. ent.soc.America, 84(1): 186-189.
55(2);202-206.