Table Of Content

2 NOTES NEW OF COSTUS A SPECIES (COSTOIDEAE, ZINGIBERACEAE) FROM MEXICO VERACRUZ, cm x Costus L. a genus of about 90 species, with (2.5-)3-4 cm, elongating to 16 5.5 in fruit, is cm 20-40(-70) borne on shoot or mostly the Neotropics. a leafless tall, a pantropical distribution in on stem. Sheaths The most recent taxonomic studies dealing with occasionally terminal a leafy 4-5(-8) x 1.3-2 cm, minutely the genus are those by Maas (1972, 1977) and obliquely truncate, & Maas Maas puberulous, sericeous at the insertion, reddish to (1990). 2.5-4 x 2-3 cm, Mexico represents the northernmost distribution green. Bracts broadly ovate, genus America. This genus rep- acute, coriaceous, exposed part green, glabrous, limit of this in is 5-6(-8) Mexico only by species of subg. covered part reddish, puberulous; callus resented in five mm inconspicuous; bracteole comosus Roscoe hakcri long, yellowish, rarely (Jacquin) var. Costus: C. & cm (Schumann) Maas, scaher Ruiz Pavon, and 1.5-1.8(-2) long, sparsely puberulous; calyx C. 5-9 mm, (2- Orni- sparsely puberulous, lobes deltate, pulverulentus C. B. Presl within sect. C. mm C 4.5-6 cm Don, guanaiensis )3-4 long. Corolla long, bright yel- and pictus D. C. thophilus; C 4-5 x 1-1.8 cm, Maas, and guanaien- low, lobes narrowly obovate, tarmicus [Loesener) var. cm Maas one 6 outer minutely ^arroi ^ro6i/u5(Schumami) belonging the dorsal to long, side var. .sb 12 cm Labellum broadly puberulous, tube long. Costus. to sect. when 5-6.5 x 3-3.5 cm, comprehensive obovate spread out, Studies carried out during a flo- de Estacion de Biologia yellow, margins crenulate, lateral lobes with a pu- project of the Flora la ristic & Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico (Ibarra Sinaca, bescent line inside, with dark red stripes, the middle 3-5 2-2.5 new tube have brought a distinctive lobe reflexed, irregularly lobulate, 1987), to light 11. 3.3-4.5 x cm; stamen narrowly elliptic, species cm, yellowish white, apex dark red, rectangular, & mm, 8-9(-10) ovary Costus dirzoi Garcia-Mendoza Ibarra-Mann- anther dorsifixed; reflexed, mm, quez, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Veracruz: Muni- 4-6(-7) densely villose; style filiform; stigma appendage and one San Andres Tuxtla, Estacion de Biologia bilamellate with a 2-lobed lu- cipio Tropical Los Tuxtlas, 18°34'-18*'36'N, nular, ciliate structure. Capsule broadly obovoid, 95°04'-95°09'W, 200 m, 7 June 1989 8-11 x 6-8 mm, densely villose, seeds 4-4.5 x (fl), MEXU; BM, mm, 5-20 /6arra 3400 (holotype, isotypes, 2.5-3 black, per fruit. Seedlings epi- ENCB, K, LE, MO, U, US, XAL). Figure geous 1. Common names. Bordon, cana de cafia agria, A Don C. picto inflorescentia terminali in caule I). venado. 1-2 conspicuo, bracteola puber- aphyllo (rare callo foliis), ula» ovario villose et foliis supra glabris, infra dense ve- Uses. The local people chew and suck on the lutinis differt. stems to satisfy thirst. m and when Distribution habitat. Costus dirzoi l-1.5(-2) pale green dry, is Plants tall, and sparsely puberulous. known only from the Los Tuxtlas region, Veracruz, sheaths, ligules, petioles (4-)4.5-7(-8) x l-1.4(-2) cm, green; Mexico, where grows in primary tropical rain- Sheaths it mm more abundant gaps produced by (3-)4-9(-12) long, obliquely truncate, forest but in is ligule 3-10(15) and banks. tree or edges of the forest river mostly dilacerating into fibers; petiole falls mm 160-300(-700) m. The Leaves narrowly broadly at elevations of aerial long. to elliptic, (15-)20-27(-32) X 8-15 cm, (1.5-)2.1-2.5(- parts of the plants show growth quickly after their The and seeds are eaten and 2.8) times longer than wide, cuneate at the base, stems are cut. fruits cm acumen upper depredated (perhaps dispersed) by mice. Flowering (1.5-)2-3 the with a at tip, May lower surface densely veluti- occurs from to June, rarely in August, and surface glabrous, November Decem- 3-6(-10) x mature are found from to fruits nous. Inflorescence ovoid to fusiform, 1081-1084. 1991. Ann, Missouri Bot. Card. 78: 1082 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden — K & FiGlJRK 1. Costus dirzoi A- from Ibarra 3400, from Ibarra Sinaca 2209, and L from Ibarra 1376. 1 J, — — — A. Habit. B. Part of a leafy stem.— C. Detail of leaf indument, cross section. D. Inflorescence. E. Bract and — — — flower bud. F. Flower. G. Flower, showing three petals, labellum, and stamen. H. Stamen and stigma without — part.— petalold Stigma seen from ventral surface.— Capsule, and Seed.— I. J. bracteole, bract. K. L. Seedling. Volume Number 4 Notes 1083 78, 1991 Table 1. Comparison of morphological features in Costus dirzoi belongs to subg. Castas because Costus dirzoi and C. pictus. of folded bracteole, bilamellate stigma and co- its riaceous bracts. In addition, the labellum with a dirzoi pictus C. C. short tube and a distinct, exposed yellow limb, with m m Height l-1.5(-2) 1-4 lateral lobes striped with red, permit the placement Sheath and Puberulous Glabrous of the new species Costus. The most ligule or in sect. closely rarely related species C. pictus, from which differs is it strigose by the features shown in Table 1. Costus pictus Petiole Puberulous Glabrous a plant with a broad distribution range, from is Lower surface Velutinous Glabrous to southeastern Veracruz Costa Rica, whereas to C. of leaves densely puber- dirzoi seems endemic to the Los Tuxtlas region. ulous, rarely C Costus scaber and pulverulentus are sympatric strigose same with C. dirzoi, sharing the habitat. Costus Length/width 1-2.5 (2.1-)3.7-4.6 (1.5-)2. scaber, however, differs from the new species in ratio of leaves (-2.8) (-5.3) Inflorescence Leafless or Leafy having red-orange bracts and flowers. Costus pul- shoot rarely leafy verulentus, on the other hand, differs from C. Callus of bracts Conspicuous Inconspicuous dirzoi by pointed fusiform inflorescence and its Bracteole Puberulous Glabrous to narrowly obovate leaves. puberulous In order to identify Costus dirzoi in the key of mm mm 7-8 Anther 8-9(-10) & Maas Maas (1990), the eighth couplet needs to Ovary Glabrous Villose be changed as follows and a new couplet, 8A, The x added. Maases' use second of to identify halves of couplets preserved here. is 2-4 ber. The seeds germinate in weeks, and seed- mm 5-9 8A Calyx long 8. „ abundant February and are particularly lings in mm 10-22 Calyx long 9 March. Cultivated plants are found the green- in 8A. Lower side of leaf velutinous; capsule villose; C houses of Jardin Botanico Francisco Javier Clavi- when plant green dry (Mexico) dirzoi jero, Xalapa, Veracruz (29 May 1985 Iglesias ^ Lower side of leaf mostly glabrous; capsule gla- (fl), when brous; plant mostly brownish dry (Central 23 (XAL)), and Jardin Botanico de Universidad la America and western South America) C. laevis Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, Federal. Distrito named who Additional specimens examined. MEXICO. VERA- This species after Rodolfo Dirzo, is CRUZ: Municipo San Andres Tuxtla, Estacion de Biologia has been working intensively in forest conservation, May 1983 641 Tropical Los Tuxtlas, 31 Ibarra (fl), especially in the Los Tuxtlas area. (MEXU); 9 Nov. 1983 Ibarra 996 (MEXU); 25 We (fr), are grateful to Fernando Chiang for the 1984 1219 (MEXU); 28 Jan. (seedling), Ibarra Feb. Latin diagnosis and Paul Maas, 1984 1376 (MEXU); 1984 Patricia Davila, Ibarra 3 July (seedling), Ibarra 1843, 1871 (MEXU); 28 Dec. 1984 Fernando Chiang, and Maria de Lourdes Rico (seedling), for & MEXU, Ibarra Sinaca 2209 (ENCB, XAL); 26 We (fr), critical reviews of the manuscript. also thank MEXU, May 2439 1985 Ibarra (ENCB, XAL); 15 (fl), Luna Albino for the original illustration and San- May 1989 3353 (ENCB, MEXU, MO, Ibarra K, (fl), tiago Sinaca Colin for helping in fieldwork. XAL); 22 May 1989 Ibarra 3395 (BM, ENCB, K, (fl), MEXU, MO, LE, U, US, XAL); 14 Dec. 1969 Lot (fr), 699 (MEXU, May XAL); 26 1970 Marttnez-Cal- (fl), Literature Cited MEXU, 3015 ENCB, MO, deron (BM, K, U, US, XAL); & 18 July 1970 {R'u Martinez-CalderSn 3103 (MEXU); 6 IbarRa M., G. S. SiNACA C. 1987. Listados Florlsticos MEXU, June 1989 Sinaca 1515 (BM, ENCB, K, de Mexico VIL Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los (fl), MO, U, US, XAL); 15 Jan. 1990 Sinaca 1564 Tuxtlas, Veracruz. Institute de Biologia, Univ. Na- (fr), (ENCB, K, MEXU, MO, XAL); Montepio, some km be- cional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, May fore Montepio, 2 1980 van Rooden 812 Maas, P. M. 1972. Flora Neotropica Monograph (sterile), J. km New (U); Municipio Santiago Tuxtla, 6.5 de Santiago Tux- No. 8. Costoideae (Zingiberaceae). Hafner, York. km tla y 3.6 camino a Cerro El Vigia, 12 Aug. 1960 1977. Flora Neotropica Monograph No. 18. . & Gonzalez Garza 5599 (MEXU); Municipio de Renealmia (Zingiberaceae, Zingiberoideae), Costoi- (fl), km May New Catemaco, 3 camino Las Palmas-Catemaco, 6 deae (Additions) (Zingiberaceae). Hafner, York. 1 & & 1960, Gonzalez Garza 3333 (MEXU); Municipio de H. Maas. 1990. Notes on the New World NW km Pajapan, 5 of Pajapan, SE slopes of Cerro San Zingiberaceae: IV. Some new species of Costus and & Martin Pajapan, Nov. 1981 Nee Calzada 22759 Renealmia. Notes Roy. Card. Edinburgh 3 (fr), Bot. 46(3): 307-320. (XAL). Annals the 1084 of Garden Missouri Botanical — Garcia-Mendoza, Jardin Botanico, Instituto dr Riologia, Universidad Nacional - Abisai In- tins, Autonoma Apartado San de Universidad Nacional Au- de Mexico, Postal 94, Biologia, stituto tonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 70-614, Andres Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. Present ad- 04510 Mexico, D,F,; and Guillermo Tbarra-Man- dress: Apartado Postal 22-733, Mexico 22, D.F. nquez, Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los Tux-