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A NEW SPECIES OF ARMORED SCALE (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: DIASPIDIDAE) PREVIOUSLY CONFUSED WITH HEMIBERLESIA DIFFINIS (NEWSTEAD) PDF

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Preview A NEW SPECIES OF ARMORED SCALE (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: DIASPIDIDAE) PREVIOUSLY CONFUSED WITH HEMIBERLESIA DIFFINIS (NEWSTEAD)

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 100(2). 1998. pp. 193-201 A NEW SPECIES OF ARMORED SCALE (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: DIASPIDIDAE) PREVIOUSLY CONFUSED WITH HEMIBERLESIA DIFFINIS (NEWSTEAD) Douglass R. Miller and John A. Davidson (DRM) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service. USDA, Bldg. 046. BARC-W, Beltsville. MD 20705. U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); MD (JAD) Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]). — Abstract. A new species of armored scale, Hemiberlesia neodiffinis Miller and Da- vidson, is described and illustrated. It occurs in the eastern and midwestem United States and parts of Mexico and has been reported as a pest oftulip poplar and lilac. It previously has been misidentified as H. diffinis (Newstead), which is a tropical species from the Caribbean Islands, Central America, South America, and Mexico. Lectotypes are desig- nated for Aspidiotiis dijfinis Newstead, A. jatrophae Townsend and Cockerell, and A. jatrophae var. porrotti Newell. Aspidiotiisfabemii Houser is transfered to Qitadraspidi- otits (new combination). Key Words: Armored scale, Coccoidea, Diaspididae, pest, tulip poplar, lilac, Lirioden- dron, Syringa We currently are working on a book on ler and Davidson), 2) to redescribe and il- the ecomonic armored scales of the United lustrate //. diffinis and provide a compari- States. While analyzing the morphological son of the two species, 3) to clarify the sta- and biological characteristics of Hemiber- tus of the three junior synonyms listed by lesia diffinis (Newstead), it became obvious Borchsenius (1966), and 4) to draw atten- that two distinct species were involved. tion to a possible third species from Ontar- Hemiberlesia diffinis is a tropical species io, Canada. that does not occur in the United States; a second undescribed species is strictly tem- Methods perate in distribution, occurring in the east- Terminology in the descriptions follows ern and midwestem United States and McKenzie (1956) and Miller et al. (1984). northern Mexico. Although Borchsenius Measurements and numbers are from 10 (1966) lists threejunior synonyms of//, dif- representative specimens and are given in finis (Aspidiotus jatrophae Townsend and parentheses followed by the range. Enlarg- Cockerell, A. jatrophae var. parrotti New- ments on illustrations are not proportional. ell, and A. fabernii Houser), none are con- Specimens were examined and illustrated specific with the new species. Therefore, a using a Leica DMRB compound micro- new name must be provided. scope using lOx eyepieces and 20X and The objectives of this paper are: 1) to 40X objectives. Depositories of specimens provide a description and illustration of the are: The Natural History Museum, London new species (Hemiberlesia neodiffinis Mil- (BMNH); California Department of Food 194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON and Agriculture, Sacramento (CDA); Flor- sclerotized swellings; paraphysis formula ida State Collection ofArthropods, Gaines- usually 2-2-0, with paraphyses in space be- ville (FSCA); Museum National d'Histoire tween lobe 2 and median lobe, attached to Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); University of medial margin of lobe 2, medial margin of California, Davis (UCD); National Museum lobe 3, and in space between lobes 2 and MD of Natural History, Beltsville, 3. Median lobes separated by space 0.1- (USNM). 0.2(0.2) times width of median lobe, with The authors have contributed equally to small paraphysis attached to medial margin, the research effort for this paper and should without basal sclerotization or yoke, medial be considered coauthors. margin usually slightly converging apically, lateral margins converging, with 1 lateral Results notch and 0-1(0) medial notch; second Hemiberlesia neodiffinis Miller and lobes sclerotized, pointed, usually with lat- Davidson, new species eral notch, about one-third to one-quarter size of median lobes; third lobes sclero- (Fig. 1) tized, pointed, without notches, or with Previous citations: Aspidiotus diffinis weakly indicated lateral notch, lobe equal Newstead; Marlatt, 1899:73. 1900:425- to or smaller than second lobe. Plates be- 427; Ferris, 1921:125; Bibby, 1931:191; tween median lobes and second lobe, be- Couch, 1935:16, 1938:107; Westcott, 1973: tween second lobes and third lobes, and be- 411. tween third lobes and fourth lobes with in- Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead); creasingly larger tines, sometimes with 2 or MacGillivray, 1921:437; Ferris, 1938:238; more simple plates anterior of fourth lobes, Schmidt, 1940:193; Ferris, 1942:446; Kosz- plates in first and second spaces apparently tarab, 1964:34; Dekle, 1965:69, 1976:71; without microducts; plates in third space McDaniel, 1969:107; Tippins and Beshear, distinctly shaped, each with microduct, 1 1970:9; Beshear et al., 1973:6; Stoetzel and plates anterior of seta marking segment 5 Davidson, 1974:501; Stoetzel, 1976; Lamb- with single microduct; plate formula 2-3-3; din and Watson, 1980:80; Miller and How- median lobes each with 2 slender plates be- ard, 1981:166; Mead, 1982:4; Nakahara, tween them about 0.8-1.1(1.1) times as 1982:41; MacGowan, 1983:7; Mead, 1984: long as median lobes. Macroducts of 1 size, 2; MacGowan, 1987:9; Miller and David- on segments 5 to 7 in marginal and sub- son, 1990:302—. marginal areas, duct between median lobes Type data. The adult female holotype is absent, with 10-15( 12) macroducts on each mounted with a paratype on a microscope side of pygidium on segments 5-8, some slide; the right specimen on the slide is the macroduct orifices anterior ofanal opening. holotype. The slide is labelled as follows: Pygidial microducts on venter in submar- Left label "Hemiberlesia/neodiffinis/on Lir- ginal and marginal areas of segment 5 and iodendron/tulipifera/Simpson, 111./Aug. 7, 6, with 6-13(9) ducts; prepygidial ducts of 1969/J. E. Appleby""; right label "Hemi- 2 sizes, longer size in submarginal and mar- berlesia/neodiJfinis/MiUer & Davidson/HO- ginal areas of segments 1 to 3, also present LOTYPE &/PARATYPE" and includes a submedially near spiracles, shorter size map of the location of the holotype present along body margin from segment 3 (USNM). In addition, there are 47 para- or 4 to head; pygidial ducts absent on dor- types on 17 slides deposited in BMNH, sum; prepygidial microducts of 2 sizes, CDA, FSCA, MNHN, UCD,—USNM. larger size in submedial areas of any or all Slide-mounted characters. Adult female of mesothorax to 4, smaller size in submar- (Fig. 1 ) with 3 pairs ofdefinite lobes, fourth ginal areas of head or prothorax to seg- lobes, when present, represented by small ments 2 or 3. Perivulvar pores absent. Pores VOLUME NUMBER 100, 195 Fig. 1. Adult female holotype Hemiherlcsia m-iitli/liiii\. Simpson. Illinois. August 7. 1969. on Uriodendnm tulipijera, J. E. Appleby. 196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON absent near spiracles. Anal opening located S. Callaghan (1 ad 9); Mobile, 11-29-1932, 1.1-1.6(1.3) times length of anal opening Ficus sp., J. S. Callaghan (4 ad 9); near from base of median lobes, anal opening Mobile. VI-21-1923, on "twig," A. E. 17-30(23) |x long. Dorsal seta laterad of Grontham ( 1 ad 9, 1 second instar 9). AR- median lobes 1.0-1.4(1.2) times length of KANSAS: North Little Rock, VI-28-1930, median lobe. Eyes usually represented by host unknown, P H. Millar (2 ad 9). DIS- small sclerotized spur or dome on mesotho- TRICT OF COLUMBIA: U.S. Department rax. Antennae with 1 seta. Cicatrices usu- of Agriculture grounds, XI-4-1899 and V- ally present on prothorax and segment 1. 12-1902, Syringa sp., C. L. Mariatt (5 ad Body pear shaped. 9); U.S. Department of Agriculture — Specimens examined. PARATYPES: grounds, V-17-1901, Syringa sp.. Kolinsky LISA—DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: (4 ad 9); no locality, VII-6-1894. Syringa Southern Railway, IX-29-1929, no host, G. sp., Pergande (29 ad 9, 3 scale covers); E. Murrell (3 ad $)USNM. FLORIDA; St. U.S. Department of Agriculture, no date, Petersburg, 1-16-1964, Persea sp., E. W. Syringa sp., no collector (5 ad 9, 1 second Miller (1 ad $) FSCA. GEORGIA: Albany, 9)(BMNH). FLORIDA: Tampa, 1920, host 1-25-1929, Celtis sp., J. B. Gill (3 ad 9) unknown, E. T. Spear (2 ad 9). GEORGIA: CDA; No specific locality, IV-17-1987, Athens, X-20-41, Ulmus americana. B. S. Carya illinoensis. W. L. Tedders (3 ad 9,3 Crandall (5 ad 9); Fort Valley, IV-5-1921, second-instar 9) FSCA, USNM. ILLI- Nerium oleander, O. 1 . Snapp (4 ad 9); NOIS: Simpson, VIII-7-1969, Liriodendron Macon, IV-17-1909, on "sugar berry," H. lulipifera. J. E. Appleby (8 ad 9) BMNH, Burns (3 ad 9); Savannah, X-31-1950, MNHN, USNM. LOUISIANA: Baton Pterocarya steoptera, N. Y. Gouldman (2 Rouge, IV-14-1953, Magnolia sp., C. E. ad 9): no locality, IV-17-1987. Carya illi- Smith (2 ad 9 ) USNM. MISSISSIPPI: Pass noensis, W. L. Tedders (I ad 9, 3 second Christian, IX-27-1922, Ficus sp., E. K. instar 9). LOUISIANA: Alexandria, 11-27- Bynum and K. Hamon (3 ad 9) UCD. 1909, Phoradendrnn sp.. Tucker (2 ad 9); MISSOURI: Grayridge, Stoddard County, New Orleans, Spanish Fort, III-9-1919. IX-3-I976, on "buttonbush," L. R. Man- Quercus sp., E. R. Sasscer (3 ad 9); New ning (1 ad 9) USNM; Sikeston. City Park, Orleans, IV-1921, Cinnamomum camphora, VIII-1 1-1976, Fraxinus sp., L. R. Manning H. Monison (3 ad 9); New Orleans, VI- (1 ad 9 ) USNM. NEW JERSEY: Spring- 22-1933 and VI-23-I933, Magnolia gran- field, VII-26-1950, Syringa sp., S. W. diflora. Salix sp., and Ulmus sp., E. Latt (12 Bromley (4 ad 9) USNM. SOUTH CAR- ad 9). MARYLAND: College Park, III-16- OLINA: St. Helena's Island, III-21-1930, 1928, Liriodendron tulipifera, collector un- on "bay," J. H. Couch (5 ad 9 ) USNM. known (1 ad 9, 1 second instar 9). MIS- TENNESSEE: McMinniville, V-18-I965, SISSIPPI: Baldwin Lodge, V-9-1925, Ficus near Hammonton, Liriodendron tulipifera, sp., E. K. Bynum (1 ad 9 ); Pass Christian, B. Kemper (2 ad 9) USNM. MEXICO— IV-4-1929, Ficus sp., E. K. Bynum and C. No locality, taken in quarantine at Nogales, Lyle (2 ad 9 ); Yazoo City, III-29-1929, Sy- VI-30-1960, Spondias sp., R. W. Beard- ringa sp., C. Hines (4 ad 9). NEW YORK: more (8 ad 9) BMNH; no locality, taken in Syracuse, V-1-1928, host unknown, A. H. quaratine at Brownsville, XII-7-1954, Per- MacAndrews (6 ad 9). NORTH CARO- sea sp., "various collectors," (2 ad 9) LINA: Aberdeen, II-6-1904, on "shade USNM. — tree," F Sherman (6 ad 9); Raleigh, VIII- Additional specimens examined. (NOT 10-1903, Liriodendron sp., F. Sherman (2 PARATYPES) (All deposited in US—NM un- ad 9); Raleigh, VIII-21-1903, on "shade less otherwise indicated): USA ALA- tree," F Sherman (8 ad 9). OHIO: Clifton, BAMA: Mobile, VII-13-1923, Ficus sp., J. VII-1956, Tilia americana, C. A. Reese (2 VOLUME NUMBER 100. 197 ad 9); North Olmsted, VII-8-1942, Syrmga terial of the former and find it to be a dis- sp., J. Houser (3 ad 9). SOUTH CARO- tinct species that is tentatively placed in LINA: Columbia, V-21-1935, on Juglans Qiiadraspidiotiis (new combination). — sp., E. G. Seibels (2 ad ? ); St. Helena's Type data. We have examined the type Island, III-21-1930, on Magnolia virgini- series of Aspidiotiis diffinis Newstead and ana. J. H. Couch (2 ad 9). TENNESSEE: here designate as lectotype the left speci- Greenbiier, VI-10-1908, Syringa sp., G. C. men in the middle row which is an adult Dury (3 ad 9). TEXAS: Houston, X-16- female mounted on a slide with 10 other 1917, Ficus sp., M. H. James, Jr. (2 ad 9): specimens and labelled as follows: left label Port Arthur, IV-12-1929, Fraxiniis Uhdei. J. "No 129/13.iv. p. I 19/R. Newstead"; right G. Sanders (4 ad 9); San Antonio, X-8- label "Aspidiotus/diffinis Newst./cotype 1917, Fiats sp., M. H. James, Jr. (5 ad 9); 9 9/Demerara./BM 1945, 121"; a separate Sherman, VIII-1 1-1909, Ulmiis sp., E. W. label is on the back of the slide giving the Mally (1 ad 9). MEXICO—No locality, position of the lectotype with the following taken in quarantine at Brownsville, XI-12- designation "LECTOTYPE/PARALEC- 1952, Persea sp., various collectors ( 1 ad TOTYPE." (BMNH). In addition, there are 9). 5 slides containing 16 specimens that were part of the original series from Demerara Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead) but were mounted subsequently and were (Fig. 2) not used by Newstead for the original de- Aspidiotiis affinis Newstead, 1893a:186 (ju- scription (USNM). We have examined the nior homomyiTi ofAspidiotiis affinis Tar- type series of Aspidiotiis jatrophae Town- gioni Tozzetti, 1868:736). send and Cockerell, and here designate as Aspidiotiis diffinis Newstead, 1893b:281 lectotype the right specimen which is an (replacement name forAspidioutiisaffinis adult female mounted on a slide with 2 oth- Newstead). er adult females and labelled as follows: left Aspidiotiis (Diaspidiotus) diffinis Newstead; label "7682: Aspidiotuslijatrophae T&C. Cockerell, 1897:23. Type)/diffinis Newst./On JatrophafPvoniera., Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead); Leonard!, Mex./(Twns.)/Ckll. Coll."; right label "As- 1898:119. pidiotiis jatrophae/Townsend & Cockerell/ LECTOTYPE &/PARALECTOTYPE/" Aspidiotiis jatrophae Townsend and Cock- erell, 1898:178 (synonymized by Marlatt, and provides a map of the position of the 1900:425). lectotype. In addition, there are 18 adult fe- Aspidiotiis jatrophae var. parrotti Newell, male paralectotypes and 7 second-instarex- 1899:23 (synonymized by Marlatt, 1900: uviae paralectotypes on 2 additional slides USNM 425). in and 2 adult females plus pieces Hemiberlesia iatrophae (Townsend and of adults and several immatures on 1 slide Cockerell); Leonardi, 1900:339 (mis- in BMNH. There is a long series of speci- inens collected by Townsend and/or Koe- spelling). Aspidiotiis diffinis parrotti (Newell); Fer- bele on Jatropha at several different local- nald, 1903:258. ities during the same expedition to Mexico, Hemiberlesia diffinis parrotti (Newell); but these have different Division of Ento- MacGillivray, 1921:438. mology lot numbers and were not men- Abgrallaspis diffinis (Newstead); Komosin- tioned in the original description. We have ska, 1969:60. examined the type series of Aspidiotiis ja- trophae var. parrotti Newell, and here des- Borchsenius (1966) tredXedAspidiotiisfa- ignate as lectotype the left specimen which bemii Houser as a synonym of Hemiber- is an adult female mounted on a slide with lesia diffinis: we have examined type ma- 5 other adult females and labelled as fol- 198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Fig. 2. Adult female Hemiberlesia dijfinis. Mazatlan. Mexico, July 26, 1979, on Primusiloinesiicii. S. Ryan. lows: left label "Aspidiotiis diffinis/parrotii pliae/var. parrotti Newell/LECTOTYPE Newell/Type/ On "Barenjeno chiquito'7 &/PARALECTOTYPE/"and provides a Frontera, Mex./(Townsend)/June 9, 1897/ map of the position of the lectotype. In ad- Ckll, Coll."; right label "Aspidiotusjatro- dition, there are 10 adult female paralecto- VOLUME 100, NUMBER 2 199 USNM types on 4 additional slides in and eas of segments 1 to 3, also present sub- 4 adult females and 2 second-instar female medially near spiracles, shorter size present on 1 slide in BMNH. — along body margin from from segment 3 or Slide-mounted characters. Adult female 4 to head; on dorsum pygidial ducts absent; (Fig. 2) with 3 pairs ofdefinite lobes, fourth prepygidial microducts of 2 sizes, larger lobes, when present, represented by small size in submedial areas of any or all of me- sclerotized swelling; paraphysis formula sothorax to 4, smaller size in submarginal usually 2-2-0, rarely 2-2-1, with paraphyses areas of head or prothorax to segments 2 or in space between lobe 2 and median lobe, 3. Perivulvar pores absent. Pores absent attached to medial margin of lobe 2, medial near spiracles. Anal opening located 0.8- margin of lobe 3, and in space between 1.5(1.2) times length of anal opening from lobes 2 and 3. Median lobes separated by base of median lobes, anal opening 26— space 0.1-0.2(0.1) times width of median 32(28) |x long. Dorsal seta laterad of me- lobe, with or without small paraphysis at- dian lobes 0.9-1.4( 1.1) times length of me- tached to medial margin, without basal scle- dian lobe. Eyes rarely absent, usually rep- rotization or yoke, medial margin usually resented by small sclerotized spur or dome, slightly converging apically, lateral margins on mesothorax. Antennae with 1 seta. Cic- strongly converging, with 1 lateral notch atrices usually present on prothorax and and 0-1(0) medial notch; second lobes segment 1. Body pear shaped. Sometimes sclerotized, pointed, with lateral notch, with sclerotization on thorax and head. — about one-third to one-quarter size of me- Specimens examined. We have seen dian lobes; third lobes sclerotized, pointed, specimens from the following host genera: without notches, equal to or slightly smaller Annona. Cocos. Couroupita. Biirsera. Cas- than second lobes. Plates between median sia, Dracaena. Dreponocarpus, Erythrina. lobes and second lobe, between second Hevea. Hibiscus. Jatropha. Mammea. Ma- lobes and third lobes, and between third uihot. Oncidiiim. Persea. Philodendron, lobes and fourth lobes with increasingly Pliimeria. Primus, Psidinm. Punica. Spon- larger tines, sometimes with 3 or more sim- dias. and Theobroma. ple plates anterior of fourth lobes, plates in We have examined specimens from the first and second spaces apparently without following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Cos- microducts; plates in third space distinctly ta Rica, Curasao, Dominica, Ecuador, El shaped, each with 2 or 3 large microducts, Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, plates anterior of seta marking segment 5 Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. with 2 or 3 microducts; plate formula 2-3- 3; median lobes each with 2 slender plates D1SCU.SS10N between them about 0.8-1.1(1.1) times as Hemiberlesia diffinis differs from H. neo- long as median lobes. Macroducts of 1 size, diffinis by having 3 unusually large plates on segments 5 to 7 in marginal and sub- in the third space which each have 2 or 3 marginal areas, duct between median lobes associated microducts and by having a ma- extending 1.9-3.7(2.4) times distance be- croduct between the median lobes. Hemi- tween posterior apex of anal opening and berlesia neodifftnis has 3 smaller plates in base of median lobes, 26-32(28) tJ- long, the third space which each have 1 associ- with 1 1-18( 15) macroducts on each side of ated microduct and lacks a macroduct be- pygidium on segments 5-8, some macrod- tween the median lobes. uct orifices anterior of anal opening. Pygid- We have studied several collections of a ial microducts on venter in submarginal and species similar to Hemiberlesia neodijfinis marginal areas of segment 5 and 6, with 5- on Tilia from Ontario, Canada. It differs by 14(10) ducts; prepygidial ducts of 2 sizes, usually having a macroduct between the longer size in submarginal and marginal ar- median lobes and by having at least 2 lat- 200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON eral notches on each median lobe. We have Fernald. M. E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of not described this species because we have the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Sta- tion ofthe Massachusetts AgriculturalCollege88: insufficient material and have been unable 1-360. to evaluate variation in critical characters. Ferris, G. E 1921. Report upon a Collection of Coc- Jarvis (1911) quoted King as suggesting cidae from Lower California. Stanford University that "Mr King thinks this species may Publications. Biological Sciences. Palo Alto 1: prove to be a variety of A. diffinis." Lin- 61-132. dinger (1932) agreed with King and called . 1938. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Volume II. Stanford University Press. the Canadian population Aspidiotiis difftnis Palo Alto, California 137-268. var. King. The species also has been dis- . 1942. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North cussed by King (1901, 1902), Hetcher and America. Volume IV. Stanford University Press, Gibson (1908), and Gibson (1911). Palo Alto, California 345-448. Fletcher, J. and A. Gibson. 1908 (1907). Entomologi- Acknowledgments cal record. 1907. Entomological Society ofOntar- io. 38th Annual Report 1907: 113-133. We are grateful to the following individ- Gibson. A. 191 I (1910). Basswood or linden insects. uals for reading and commenting on the IV. Entomological SocietyofOntario.41stAnnual manuscript: Dn Paris L. Lambdin. Depart- Report 1910: 99-101. ment of Entomology, University ofTennes- Jarvis. T. D. 1911. The Coccidae of Canada. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Onatario see, Knoxville, TN; Dr Douglas J. Wil- 41: 64-77. liams, Department of Entomology, The King. G. B. 1901. The Coccidae of British North Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, America. Canadian Entomologist 33: 193-200. London, U.K.; Drs. Michael E. Schauffand . 1902. Coccidae ofBritish North America.Ca- John W. Brown, Systematic Entomology nadian Entomologist 34: 158-161. Koniosinska, H. 1969. Studies on the genus Ahgral- Laboratory, USDA, Washington, D.C. laspis Balachowsky, 1948. Acta Zoologica Cra- coviensia 14: 43-85. Literature Cited Kosztarab. M. 1964(1963). The armored scale insects of Ohio. Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey BesheThaohrse,ts.Ra.rUmJn.oi.rvHeer.dsiHst.cyaTlioepfpiiGnnessoe,crtgasinadofCJ.oGlOel.oergHgeoiwaoeflalAn.gdri1t9ch7ue3li.-r Lamb2d:in1.-1P2.0L.. andJ. K. Watson. 1980. New collection records for scale insects ofTennessee. Journal of ture Experiment Station Research Bulletin 146; 1- the Tennessee Academy of Science 55: 77-81. 1?. Bibby, F. F. 1931. Coccoids collected on wild plants in Leonardi. G. 1898 (1897). Diagnosi di cocciniglie nu- semi-arid regionsofTexasand Mexico. Journal of ove. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale 6: 115-125. the New York Entomological Society 39: 587- . 1900. Saggio di sistematica degli Aspidiotus. 591. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale (Firenze) 8: 298- Borchsenius. N. S. 1966. A catalogue ofthe armoured 363. scale insects (Diaspidoidea) ofthe world. Akade- Lindinger. L. 1932. 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United Slates Department of Agriculture, thropods ofFlorida and neighboring land areas 3: Division ofEntomology, Bulletin 20: 73-76. 1-265. . 1900. Aspidiotusdiffinis. Anotherscale insect . 1976. Florida armored scale insects. Arthro- of probable European origin recently found in pods of Florida and neighboring land areas 3: 1- North America. Entomological News 1 1: 425- 345. 427. VOLUME NUMBER 100, 201 McDaniel. B. 1969. The armored scale insects ofTex- Newstead, R. 1893a. Observations of Coccidae (No. as. Pan II. Southwestern Naturalist 14: 89-113. 5). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 29; 185- McKenzie. H. L. 1956. The armored scale insects of 188. California. Bulletin of the California Insect Sur- . 1893b. ObservationsofCoccidae (No. 7). En- vey 5: 1-209. tomologist's Monthly Magazine 29: 279-281. Mead, E W. (editor) 1982. Insects affecting ornamen- Schmidt, G. 1940. Gebrauchliche Namen von Schad- tals, tropical and subtropical fruits, forest and insekten in verschiedenen Landem. Entomologis- shade trees; insect detection. Tri-ology 21; 1-11. che Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem 7: 161-364. . (editor) 1984. Insects affecting ornamentals; Stoetzel, M. B. 1976. Scale-cover formation in the insect detection. Tri-ology 21; 1-6. Diaspididae. Proceedings of the Entomological Miller, D. R.. J A. Davidson, and M. B. Stoetzel. Society of'Washington 78: 323-332. 1984. A ta,\onomic study of the armored scale Stoetzel, M. B. and J. A. Davidson. 1974. Biology, Pseudischnaspis Hempel. Proceedings of the En- morphology and ta,xonomy of immature stages of Millert,omDo.logRi.caalndSoJc.iAet.yDoafviWdassohni.ng1t9o9n0.86A: 9li4st-1o0f4.ar- tnoinmeolsopgeicciaelsSioncitheetyAsopfidAimoetirniic.aA6n7n:al4s57o-f5t0h9e.En- AmromreodresdcaSlcealpeestIsn,sepcpt.s.2V9o9l-3u0m6e.4/B/;.REolsseevni,erD,.Aemd.-. Targioni Tozzetti, A, 1868, Introduzione alia seconda sterdam, 688 pp. memoria pergli studj sulle cocciniglie, ecatalogo Miller, D. R. and E W. Howard. 1981. 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The Gardener's Handbook. Double- State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts day and Company, Garden City, New Jersey, 689 3; 1-31, pp.

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