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A New Species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Bahia, Brazil Favio Gonzdlez Herbario Nacional Colombiano, Instituto de Cieneias Naturales, Universidad Nacional, Ap. Ae. 7495, Santafe de Bogota, Colombia Abstract. Aristolochia longispathulata, a new northeastern or eastern South America (see Ahu- species trom the “Mata Atlantica,” is described and mada, 1967, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1989; Feuillet & illustrated. The new species belongs to Aristolochia Poncy, 1998; Hauman, 1923; Hoehne, 1927, 1942; subser. Hexandrae F. Gonzalez. It is easily recog¬ Masters, 1875; Moore, 1915). There is some resem¬ nized by flowers that are slightly curved and have blance with A. rumicifolia Martius & Zuccarini (see a long, spatulate, fimbriate limb, which is pale Martius & Zuccarini, 1824, tab. 54), from the states green on the inner surface. Aristolochia longispa¬ of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and A. arcuata thulata is similar to A. arcuata and A. rumicifolia, Masters (Fig. 2), from the states of Minas Gerais, from eastern and southeastern Brazil. Its floral mor¬ Sao Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. However, the last phology also resembles that of A. peltata, from the two species differ from the Bahian collection in sev¬ West Indies, and A. sessilifolia, from southern Bra¬ eral important diagnostic characters (Table 1), such zil, Argentina, and Uruguay. as the shape and size of the leaves, the length of the peduncle and ovary, and the overall shape of Resumo. Neste trabalho uma nova especie de Ar¬ the perianth. The discovery of a new Aristolochia istolochiaceae da Mata Atlantica, Bahia, Brasil, A. species comes as no surprise as the area of Bahia longispathulata, e descrita e illustrada. Esta espe¬ is well known for endemism not only for plants but cie pertence a Aristolochia subser. Hexandrae F. also for various groups of animals (see, e.g., Mori Gonzalez. E facilmente reconhecida por apresentar et al., 1983). Unfortunately, only a few patches of suas flores levemente curvadas, com o limbo longo, undisturbed forest remain in that area, which may espatulado e fimbriado, alem de possuir a face ad- he the reason for having no other specimens of this axial atipicamente alvo-esverdeada. Aristolochia new species besides the type collection. longispathulata e semelhante a A. arcuata e A. rumicifolia, especies da regiao oriental e sul-ori- Aristolochia longispathulata F. Gonzalez, sp. ental do Brasil, embora a morfologia floral desta nov. TYPE: Brazil. Bahia: Jussari, Serra do especie assemelha-se a de A. peltata, das Indias Teimoso, 7.5 km N of Jussari on road to Pal¬ Ocidentais, ou da especie A. sessilifolia, do sul do mira, then 2 km W to Fazenda Teimoso, then Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai. 45 min. walk W to Reserva da Fazenda Tei¬ moso, 15°10'S, 39°35'W, 300-150 m, 8 Feb. Although primarily pantropical, the genus Aris¬ 1998 (fl), IE IE Thomas, A. M. Amorim & J. tolochia (Aristolochiaceae) is more highly diverse L. Paixao 11741 (holotype, CEPEC; isotype, in the Neotropics, especially in Brazil and Hispan¬ NY). Figure 1. iola. Following the description of several new spe¬ cies by Martius and Zuccarini (1824), the genus Aristolochia arcuata et A. rumicifolia affmis, a qua im¬ Aristolochia in Brazil has been reviewed by Masters primis differt perianthio subrecto, usque 9.5 cm longo, (1875), Malme (1904), Schmidt (1935, 1936, limbo spatulato longiore usque 7 cm longo, fimbriato, pa- gina interna viridi-gfauca. 1938), Hoehne (1925, 1927, 1942, among others), and Bazzolo and Pfeifer (1977). Hoehne’s (1942) Glabrescent vine. Petioles to 2.5 cm long; blades comprehensive treatment lists some 75 species as narrowly ovate, 8—16 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, native to Brazil. Since then, several local floras membranaceous, smooth, base slightly cordate, si¬ have included treatments of Aristolochiaceae (Ahu- nus 5—10 mm deep, lobes parallel, apex obtuse, mada, 1975; Capellari, 1996; Moore, 1915). glabrous and with small white, siliceous bodies A new collection o(Aristolochia from Bahia, Bra- above, pale green and puberulous especially along zi I, has come to my attention because of its long, the veins below; venation acrodromous, basal pri¬ spatulate, fimbriate flowers (Fig. 1). This collection mary veins 3, prominent on the lower side, higher does not match any species known to occur in order venation densely reticulate, prominulous on Novon 10: 371-374. 2000. 372 Novon Volume 10, Number 4 Gonzalez 373 2000 Aristolochia longispathulata from Brazil Table 1. Comparison of diagnostic features of Aristolochia longispathulata, A. arcuata, and 4. rumicifolia. A. longispathulata 4. arcuata A. rumicifolia I .eaves narrowly ovate, with 3 ovate, subhastate, with 5 to narrowly ovate, with 3 basal veins 7 basal veins basal veins Length of petiole to 2.5 cm to 4 cm to 4 cm Length of peduncle to 5 cm to 4 cm to 2.5 cm and ovary Shape of perianth nearly straight strongly reflexed nearly straight Total length of peri- to 9.5 cm to 5 cm to 4 cm anth Shape of utricle ellipsoidal obovoid ellipsoidal Shape of perianthial very narrowly oblong, oblong to obovate narrowly obovate limb spatulate I.ength of limb to 7 cm to 3.5 cm to 2.5 cm Apex of limb obtuse obtuse emarginate Surface of limb fimbriate and with coni¬ fimbriate glabrous cal trichomes the lower side. Pseudostipules absent. Flowers ax¬ ebracteolate flowers along leafy branches, and both illary, solitary. Peduncle and ovary to 5 cm long, the petiole and the floral peduncle lack a basal glabrescent. Perianth very slightly curved, puber- abscission zone. This is the only species of subse¬ ulous and with small yellowish dots (in siccus) on ries Hexandrae known to occur in the Mata Atlan- the outside; utricle widely oblong, ovate, to 5.5 mm tica with long, straight, spatulate flowers, hence the long, 2.5-3 mm diam., whitish, base symmetric, epithet “longispathulata.” Within Aristolochia sub¬ slightly constricted; syrinx present, inequilateral, ser. Hexandrae, the new species is closely related ca. 1 mm long; tube slightly enlarged distally, to to A. arcuata and A. rumicifolia. However, the new 1.5 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in proximal diam., 3-3.5 species differs in several diagnostic characters, mm in distal diam., forming an angle of ca. 180° such as the narrowly ovate shape of the leaf blade, with the utricle, deep purple outside; limb verv nar¬ the short petiole and the long floral peduncle, and rowly oblong, forming an angle of ca. 180° with the especially the conspicuously spatulate and fimbri¬ tube, to 7 cm long and 9 mm wide (12 mm on the ate perianth, which is at least twice longer than in spatulate part), pale green on the inner surface and the other two species (Table 1). the margins, deep maroon on the outer surface, with The long, spatulate perianth of Aristolochia lon¬ the !4 distal portion spatulate and fimbriate espe¬ gispathulata is remarkably convergent with that of cially along the margins, apex round, fimbriae vas¬ A. peltata L. (see Jacquin, 1764, tab. 4) from Cuba, cularized, to 4 mm long, conical trichomes present Haiti, and St. Thomas, and of A. hrevifolia (Cham- on the 3A of the inner surface. Gynostemium stipi- isso) Hauman and .4. sessilifolia (Klotzsch) Malme tate, stipe ca. 1.4 mm long; anthers six, narrowly (see Ahumada, 1967, 1975; Hauman, 1923; Hoeh- oblong, ca. 1.6 mm long, stigmatic lobes six, ca. ne, 1927, 1942; Malme, 1904) from southern Bra¬ 1.5 mm long. Capsule and seeds unknown. zil, Argentina, and Uruguay. In addition to the dis¬ junct distributions, these three species strongly Aristolochia longispathulata is known only from differ from A. longispathulata in various vegetative the type specimen, collected in a semi-deciduous traits, such as the length of the petiole, the shape forest, which suggests that the species is very un¬ of the leaves, and the pubescence on various parts common. The new species belongs to Aristolochia of the plant. Whereas 4. hrevifolia and 4. sessilifolia subser. Hexandrae, one of the three infrageneric are both densely puberulous and have extremely taxa proposed for the neotropical species by Gon¬ short petioles and leaves with truncate bases, 4. zalez (1990, 1991). The species of this subseries peltata has ovate to widely ovate and subhastate are easily distinguishable as they all have solitary, leaves. <— Figures f, 2. —1. Aristolochia longispathulata F. Gonzalez in field habit (Thomas et al. 11741). Note eggs of swal¬ lowtail butterfly on lower left of peduncle. Photograph by W. Thomas. —2. Aristolochia arcuata F. Gonzalez (Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, acc. 1982-8012). Photograph by F. Gonzalez. 374 Novon It is very likely that Aristolochia longispathulata DeVries, P. S. 1987. The Butterflies of Costa Rica and is host to at least one species of Battus, a swallow¬ Their Natural History: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nym- phalidae. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton. tail butterfly. The type specimen bears the typical Feuillet, F. & 0. Poncy. 1998. Aristolochiaceae. In: A. R. yellowish, round, gregarious eggs of this genus (Fig. A. Gorts-van Rijn & M. J. Jansen-Jacobs (editors). Flora 1; see also DeVries, 1987; Tyler et al., 1992), and of the Guianas, ser. A, 10. some leaves display signs of herbivory. Gonzblez, F. 1990. Aristolochiaceae. Flora de Colombia. Monografia No. 12. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Colciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafb de Bogotd. -. 1991. Notes on the systematics of Aristolochia and the National University, Santafe de Bogota, Co¬ subsect. Hexandrae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 78: 497- lombia, and to The New York Botanical Garden, for 503. financial and logistic support to continue my stud¬ Hauman, L. 1923. Les Aristoloehiacbes de l’Argentine et ies on the systematics of Aristolochia. A. Litt (NY), de l’Uruguay. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 315-338. R. Cranfill (University of California), and an anon¬ Hoehne, F. C. 1925. Meia duzia de especies e duas subes- ymous reviewer kindly reviewed the manuscript. I pecies novas de Aristolochias da Flora Brasilica. Arq. thank W. Wayt Thomas (NY) for providing the spec¬ Bot. Estado Sao Paulo, sect. Bot., 1: 1-20. imen and the photograph of the new species and -. 1927. Monographia Ilustrada das Aristolochi- aceas brasileiras. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 67—175, the curator of CEPEC for the loan of the holotype. t. 1-103. I also thank Genise Vieira Freire for translating the -. 1942. Aristolochiaceas. Flora Brasflica 15(2): 1- abstract into Portuguese. 141, t. 1—123. Instituto de Botdnica, Sao Paulo. Jacquin, N. J. 1764. Observationum Botanicarum. Pars 1. Wien. Literature Cited Malme, G. 0. A. 1904. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der siida- inerikanischen Aristolochiaceen. Ark. Bot. 1: 521—551, Ahumada, L. Z. 1967. Revisibn de las Aristolochiaceae t. 31-33. argentinas. Opera Lilloana 16: 1—145. Martins, C. F P. von & J. G. Zuccarini. 1824. Nova Gen¬ -. 1975. Aristoloquidceas. In: II. Reitz (editor). Flo¬ era et Species Plantarum. ra Ilustrada Catarinense, I parte, fasc. ARIS. Itajaf, Masters, M. T. 1875. Aristolochiaceae. Pp. 77-114, t. 17- Santa Catarina. 26 in: C. F. P. von Martius (editor), Flora Brasiliensis 4. -. 1977. Novedades sistematicas en el gbnero Aris¬ Moore, S. M. 1915. The Aristolochias of Para (Brazil). J. tolochia (Aristolochiaceae) en Sudambrica, 1. Darwini- Bot. 53: 1-8, t. 535. ana 21: 65—80. Mori, S. A., B. M. Boom, A. M. de Carvalho & T. S. dos -. 1979. Novedades sistembticas en el gbnero Aris¬ Santos. 1983. Southern Bahian moist forests. Bot. Rev. tolochia (Aristolochiaceae) en Sudambrica, 11. Hickenia 49: 155-232. 1: 171-184. Schmidt, O. C. 1935. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Aristo¬ -. 1989. Una nueva especie de Aristolochia (Aris¬ lochiaceen V. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: tolochiaceae) de Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil). Folia Bot. 389-394. Geobot. Correntesiana 2: 1^1. -. 1936. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Aristolochiaceae Bazzolo, T. M. & H. W. Pfeifer. 1977. Efimbriate, herba¬ VII. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 133—135. ceous Aristolochias in Brazil and northwest South -. 1938. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Aristolochiaceae America. Caldasia 12(56): 19-33. VIII. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 52-55. Capellari, L. 1996. Las Aristolochiaceae do Estado do Sao Tyler. H., K. S. Brown, Jr. & K. Wilson. 1992. Swallowtail Paulo. P. 112 in Resumos, XLV11 Congresso Nacional Butterflies of the Americas. Scientific Publishers, de Botanica, Nova Friburgo. Gainesville.