A new species and new records of harpacticoids (Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from North-Eastern Borneo

2018·8.3 MB·

by  E. B. Fefilova

ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA
ISSN Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg ▪ https://www.zin.ru/journals/zsr/
2410-0226
(Online) Vol. 27(2): 205–217 ▪ Published online 30 November 2018 ▪ DOI 10.31610/zsr/2018.27.2.205
0320-9180
(Print)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A new species and new records of harpacticoids
(Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from North-Eastern Borneo
Новый вид и новые находки гарпактикоид
(Crustacea: Copepoda: Harpacticoida) из Северо-Восточного Борнео
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev
Е.Б. Фефилова, В.Р. Алексеев
Elena B. Fefilova, Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28
Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia. E-mail: [email protected]
Victor R. Alekseev, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034,
Russia; Institute of Biology, Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St.,
Syktyvkar 167982, Russia. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract. Zooplankton samples from inland water bodies in the north-eastern part of Borneo were col-
lected in rivers, ponds, roadside ditches, irrigation canals, rice fields, and temporary water bodies. The
harpacticoid copepods (Harpacticoida) were found only in three surveyed locations. Seven species of four
genera from the families Canthocamptidae and Phyllognathopodidae were identified. Four of harpacticoid
species found belong to the genus Elaphoidella. A new species, Elaphoidella fatimae sp. nov., is described.
It differs from all known species of the genus by combination of the following characters: posterior mar-
gins of body somites serrate at dorsal side; anal operculum rounded, with spinules; caudal rami conical;
exopod of leg 5 about three times as long as wide. Six species were reported for Borneo for the first time.
Резюме. Для исследований зоопланктона континентальных водоемов северо-восточной ча-
сти Борнео были отобраны пробы из рек, прудов, придорожных канав и оросительных кана-
лов, рисовых полей и временных водоемов. Гарпактикоиды (Harpacticoida) найдены лишь в
трех из обследованных стаций. Идентифицировано семь видов из четырех родов семейств
Canthocamptidae и Phyllognathopodidae. Четыре из обнаруженных гарпактикоид относятся к
роду Elaphoidella. Описан новый для науки вид – Elaphoidella fatimae sp. nov. От всех известных
видов этого рода он отличается сочетанием следующих признаков: задние края сегментов тела
зазубрены на спинной стороне, анальная пластинка округлая, с зубчиками, каудальные ветви
конические, экзоподит ноги пятой пары в три раза длиннее своей ширины. Шесть видов указа-
ны впервые для Борнео.
Key words: tropical fauna, harpacticoid copepods, Elaphoidella, new species
Ключевые слова: тропическая фауна, гарпактикоды, Elaphoidella, новый вид
ZooBank Article LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BD668C48-D0BC-43A9-BECE-DFB06CA0322B
Introduction including humid ones, such as moist soils and leaf
litter, the diversity of aquatic fauna of the island is
The island of Borneo is one of the largest trop- rather low (Alekseev et al., 2016). Data on Har-
ical islands in the world. In spite of the hot and pacticoida of Borneo are scarce. We know only
humid climate, high diversity of aquatic biotopes, three early publications on these copepods, which
© 2018 Zoological Institute RAS and the Author(s)
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
had appeared in the 20th century. In the first two Type collection of freshwater invertebrates of the
of them (Spandl, 1924; Brehm, 1953), the harpac- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of
ticoid species Canthocamptus staphylinus (Jurine, Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia (ZIN).
1820) and Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil, 1893)
were reported. In the third early publication (Löf- Results
fler, 1973), the list of species was expanded to four
names, three of which were new to science, and During the investigation of the copepod di-
they were described from Sabah in the vicinity of versity in the north-eastern Borneo, we found
Mount Kinabalu: Maraenobiotus kinabaluensis seven species belonging to four genera and two
Löffler, 1973, Elaphoidella labani Löffler, 1973 and families. The genus Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929
Attheyella (Canthosella) silvicola Löffler, 1973. from the family Canthocamptidae was the most
In this article, the morphology of harpacticoid numerous; it includes four species in our samples.
species, most of which are found in Borneo for Here we provide a short description of the rare
the first time, is described and illustrated. Also a species found and a detailed description of a new
new species, Elaphoidella fatimae sp. nov., is de- species.
scribed.
Oder Harpacticoida
Material and methods
Family Canthocamptidae
The material for our examination was samples Subfamily Canthocamptinae
of zooplankton and a terrestrial sample, which
Genus Attheyella Brady, 1880
were collected in the north-east of Borneo from 8
to 15 June 2011 by Viktor R. Alekseev. For sam- Subgenus Chappuisiella Brehm, 1926
pling, he used a manual net of triangular shape
Attheyella (Chappuisiella) prope inopinata
with mesh size about 100 μm and plankton net
Chappuis, 1931
with mesh size 60 μm. Harpacticoids were found
(Figs 1a–h, 2)
in three locations (Table 1). Together with the
zooplankton sampling, some basic environmental Material examined. Male, Malaysia, Sabah, Papar
parameters were determined using a water-quali- Riv., shallow river bank, 9 June 2011 (ZIN, 55180).
ty multiprobe (Hydrolab Surveyor Data Sonde 4) Description. Body length 0.5 mm, excluding
which included, if possible, the measurement of caudal setae. Antennules (A1) short, geniculate
depth, temperature, pH, conductivity and dis- with strongly reinforced middle segment. Senso-
solved oxygen. ry cylinder extending apex of terminal segment
For the preparation of harpacticoid specimens (Fig. 1a). Antennal (A2) exopod one-segmented,
and drawings, a microscope Leica DM 4000 B with four setae (Fig. 1b). Endopods of legs 1–4
equipped with a drawing tube was used. Type ma- (P1–P4) three-segmented (Fig. 1c–e). At least P1
terial (glycerol preparations) is deposited in the endopod two-segmented, as long as as P1 exopod
Table 1. Places and conditions of harpacticoids findings, Sabah, Malaysia, June 2011.
Type / name of water body, Environmental conditions: water temperature,
Dates Coordinates
nearest locality depth, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen
Papar River, shallow river 30°C, depth 115 cm, pH 7.6, conductivity 35 μS cm–1, dissolved
9 June 5°43′N, 115°56′E
bank oxigen 6.78 mg L–1
5°42.811′N, rice field, Lumando village,
12 June 31.5°C, depth 10 cm, pH 5.3, conductivity 36 μS cm–1
116°24.096′E Tambunan District
5°31.385′N, wet leaf litter collected in
13 June not in water
118°12.437′E Kinabatangan virgin forest
206 ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Fig. 1. Attheyella (Chappuisiella) prope inopinata, male. a, antennules; b, exopod of antenna; c, d, f, legs 1, 2, 5,
partly; e, exopod of leg 4; g, two preanal abdominal somites; h, caudal rami and anal operculum, dorsal view. Scale
bars: 0.1 mm (a–h).
( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217 207
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Genus Elaphoidella Chappuis, 1929
Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil, 1893)
(Fig. 3a–k)
Material examined. Four females, Malaysia, Sabah,
Tambunan Distr., Lumando vill., rice field ponds, 12
June 2011.
Description. Body length 0.7 mm, excluding
caudal setae. Antennules (A1) eight-segment-
ed, sensory cylinder protruding just beyond ter-
minal segment (Fig. 3a). Antennal (A2) exopod
one-segmented, with four setae (Fig. 3b). Man-
dibular palp two-segmented, with five setae (Fig.
3c). Dorsal margins of segments serrate; ventral
margins of abdominal segments spinose (Fig. 3h,
i, k). Anal operculum small, rounded, with about
twelve denticles (Fig. 3k). Caudal rami subquad-
rate, with crest at dorsal side (Fig. 3j, k). Legs 1–4
(P1–P4) with three-segmented exopods, terminal
segments of P3–P4 bearing total six spines and
setae. Legs 2–4 with two-segmented endopods
(Fig. 3d–f). Baseoendopod of leg 5 (P5) with four
plumose setae. Exopod segment of P5 oval, elon-
gate, spinose on inner and outer margins, about
2.6 times as long as broad, bearing four or five se-
tae (Fig. 3h, i).
Fig. 2. Attheyella (Chappuisiella) prope inopinata,
Remarks. Previously, females and males of
male caudal rami, photo. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
E. bidens were found in groundwater of the moun-
tainous region of Borneo (Löffler, 1973). Analy-
(Fig. 1c). Distal segment of P4 exopod with five sis of the main characters of its subspecies (E. b.
spines and setae, with apex extended in long curve coronata (G.O. Sars, 1904), E. b. decorata (Da-
day, 1901), and E. b. subtropica Kiefer, 1929) by
triangular appendix (Fig. 1e). Dorsal margins of
Apostolov (2007) showed that the most variable
body somites roughly serrate; ventral margins of
characters of E. bidens are the structure of body
abdominal somites smooth. Two preanal somites
somites, endopods of P1–P4 and caudal rami.
spinose at ventral side (Fig. 1g). Anal operculum
According to this author, the above-mentioned
rounded, with about 20 small denticles (Fig. 1h).
subspecies are not real taxa, but represent forms
Caudal rami conical, quite large (as long as anal
of variability of the species. By the morphology of
segment), with crest at dorsal side (Figs. 1h; 2).
exopod of A2 and the structure of mandible palp,
Baseoendopod of leg 5 (P5) bearing one seta and
our specimens are close to a form from Northern
very small spine; exopodite distinct, roundish,
Vietnam (Apostolov, 2007), and differ from a form
bearing three setae (Fig. 1f).
from Romania (Damian-Georgescu, 1970) and
Remarks. The described specimen is very close
Moscow Province of Russia (Fefilova, 2017).
to A. (Ch.) inopinata from Sumatra (Chappuis,
1931). It differs from other Indonesian species
Elaphoidella grandidieri
of Attheyella (Chappuisiella): A. (Ch.) ruttneri
(Guerne et Richard, 1893)
Chappuis, 1931, A. (Ch.) minuta minuta Chappuis,
1931, and A. (Ch.) minuta incerta Chappuis, 1931
Material examined. Female, Malaysia, Sabah,
in having denticles on anal operculum and long Tambunan Distr., Lumando village, rice field ponds, 12
curve triangular appendix on P4. June 2011.
208 ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Fig. 3. Elaphoidella bidens, female. a, antennules; b, antenna; c, mandible; d, leg 3; e, first of two exopod segments
of leg 3 (partly); f, leg 4; g, first of two exopod segments of leg 4 (partly); h, abdominal somites with leg 5; i, abdom-
inal somites with legs 5, ventral view; j, caudal rami, ventral view; k, caudal rami and anal operculum, dorsal view.
Scale bars: 0.1 mm (b, c, j); 0.2 mm (a, d–g, h, i, k).
( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217 209
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Remarks. Body length 0.7 mm, excluding cau- 5 (P5) short, bearing four setae (Figs 5e, 6b). Exo-
dal setae. The specimen found in Borneo is com- pod extended and narrow, with almost parallel
pletely appropriate the original description of the margins. Length of exopod of P5 0.032, width of
species (Guerne & Richard, 1893). exopod 0.011 mm. Exopod with three apical setae
and two ones on outer margin (Fig. 5e). Longest
Elaphoidella fatimae Fefilova sp. nov. seta (fourth at inner side) 0.123 mm.
(Figs 4a–c, 5a–e, 6a, b) Diagnosis. Differences of E. fatimae sp. nov.
from some other species of the genus are giv-
Holotype. Female, Malaysia, Sabah, collected with-
en in Table 2. The new species is most similar to
in wet leaf litter from Kinabatangan virgin forest in a
E. bidens in serrating of body segments, their arm-
laboratory at room temperature, 13 June 2011 (ZIN,
ing by setulae and the structure of P5, but these
55178).
two species can be distinguished in the structure
Description. Body length from apex of rostrum
of caudal rami (Table 2).
to apices of caudal rami 0.6 mm.
Etymology. The new species is named in honor
Length of apical caudal setae 0.23 mm. Body
of an aquatic ecologist from Malaysia, Prof. Fati-
cylindrical, slightly narrowed towards abdomen.
mah Md. Yusoff.
Antennules (A1) eight-segmented; segment 4 with
long esthetasc, reaching posterior margin termi-
Elaphoidella superpedalis Shen et Tai, 1964
nal segment (Fig. 4a). Exopod of antenna (A2)
(Fig. 7a–g)
one-segmented, with four setae (Fig. 4b). Man-
dibular palp two-segmented, with five setae (Fig. Material examined. Female, Malaysia, Sabah, col-
4c). Exopods of legs 1–4 (P1–P4) and endopods of lected within wet leaf litter from Kinabatangan virgin
leg 1 (P1) three-segmented, endopods of legs 2–4 forest in a laboratory at room temperature, 13 June
2011 (ZIN, 55179).
(P2–P4) two-segmented (Fig. 5a–d). Endopod
Description. Body length from apex of ros-
P1 longer than exopod (Fig. 5a). Endopods P2−
trum to apices of caudal rami 0.7 mm. Antennules
P4 with seta on inner side of first segment, short-
eight-segmented (Fig. 7a). Exopod of A2 one-seg-
er than exopods. Terminal segments of endopods
mented, with four setae (Fig. 7b). Posterior mar-
bearing setae and spines: three on P1, five on P2,
gins of abdominal somites smooth (Fig. 7e, g). Two
six on P3, and four on P4. Terminal segments of
latest abdominal somites with row of small spines
exopods bearing setae and spines: four on P1, five
(Fig. 7f, g). Anal operculum large, rounded, with
on P2, six on P3, and six on P4 (Fig. 5a–d). Mar-
many fine and rather long spinules (Fig. 7e, f).
gins of body somites distinctly serrate at dorsal
Caudal rami slightly extended, narrowed apical-
side and smooth at ventral side (Fig. 6a, b). Ab-
ly, with row of small spinules under caudal apical
dominal somites at both sides covered with rows
spines at dorsal side (Fig. 7e). Leg 5 two-segment-
of very thin and short setulae. Second and third
ed; basal segment with four spines, exopod 4.7
abdominal somites furnished by rows of strong and
times as long as wide (Fig. 7d).
rather long dorsal spinules, discontinuous on third
Remarks. The specimen of E. superpedalis from
somite and reaching dorsal side. Fourth abdominal
our sample is identical to specimens of Chinese
somite with a row of spinules at lateral sides. Sec-
population studied by Shen & Tai (1964) and
ond abdominal somite at ventral side with a short
Japanese specimens studied by Ishida & Kikuchi
row of eight thin spines in middle. Anal operculum
(2000) in absence of arming on margins of abdom-
rounded, with 16 small spines (Fig. 6a). Caudal
inal somites, caudal rami, anal operculum, A1, A2,
rami slightly extended, being narrowed distally
P2, and P5.
(Fig. 6b). Their length 0.028 mm, greatest width
0.19 mm. Ramus bearing two lateral setae with
Subfamily Epactophaninae
spines near base, and three terminal setae. Apical
Genus Epactophanes Mrázek, 1893
setae simple, bloated basally; medial seta 3.5 times
Epactophanes prope richardi Mrázek, 1893
as long as lateral ones. Outer apical setae slight-
ly curly in middle, intersecting with medial apical Material examined. Three females, Malaysia, Sa-
seta (Fig. 6b). Medial lobe of baseoendopod of leg bah, Papar Riv., shallow river bank, 9 June 2011.
210 ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Table 2. Main differential characters of females in E. fatimae sp. nov. and some Elaphoidella species from Borneo,
Java and Sumatra.
E. fatimae E. bidens, E. grandidieri, E. superpedalis, E. longipedis E. intermedia
sp. nov. specimens specimens specimens from Sumatra from Sumatra
Features
examined examined from examined from (Chappuis, (Chappuis, 1931)
from Borneo Borneo Borneo 1931)
Margins of distinctly distinctly serrate smooth smooth smooth slightly serrate
body somites serrate at dorsal at dorsal side at dorsal side
side
Anal small, rounded, small, rounded, large, rounded, large, with with spinules with spinules and
operculum with spinulae with spinules with many thin many hyaline plate
setulae thin setulae
Caudal rami conical subquadrate, conical conical conical conical
and setae with apophysis
at dorsal side
Form and subrectangular, oval, length 2.6 oval, length about length about subrectangular, oval, length about
sizes of P5 length about times width twice width 4.7 times length about twice width
exopod 3.0 times width width 3.0 times width
Setae and five setae: three five setae: one at three setae two setae and three setae five setae: one at
spinules on apical and two inner side, two at two spines inner side, two at
P5 exopod at outer side apex, and two at apex, and two at
outer side outer side
Distribution Borneo cosmopolitan Africa, Asia, South-East Madagascar, Africa, Southeast
Central and and East Asia Southeast Asia Asia
South America
Description. Body length from apex of rostrum Family Phyllognathopodidae
to apices of caudal rami 0.5−0.52 mm. Antennules
Genus Phyllognatopus Mrázek, 1893
(A1) seven-segmented. Abdominal somites smooth
at dorsal side and with rows of small spinules at Phyllognatopus viguieri (Maupas, 1892)
ventral side. Anal operculum rounded, large, with
Material examined. Female and two males, Malay-
four or five strong spines and row of thin spinules.
sia, Sabah, Papar Riv., shallow river bank, 9 June 2011.
Caudal rami conical, longer than last abdominal
Description. Female body length 0.55 mm (ex-
somite.
cluding caudal setae). Rostrum large. Margins of
Remarks. Epactophanes richardi is cosmopoli-
body segments smooth at ventral and dorsal sides.
tan and rather variable species. It is capable of Caudal rami oval, with three apical, two lateral
parthenogenetic reproduction, and its dioecious and one dorsal setae. Middle apical seta thickened
and parthenogenetic populations differ morpho- basally; inner and outer apical setae both short
logically (Lang, 1935). Two species of Epacto- and thin.
phanes were found in Indonesia: Chappuis (1931) Remarks. The Bornean specimens studied by
and Löffler (1973) recorded E. richardi and Bruno us fully correspond to the early description of
and Cottarelli (1999) described E. philippinus as a Ph. viguieri by Galassi et al. (2011).
new species. These species differ in the structure
of mandibular palp (Bruno & Cottarelli, 1999).
Discussion
However, we did not have the opportunity to
study the mandibular palp in our specimens from Previously, only six species of the harpac-
Borneo because it was impossible to examine the ticoids were known in Borneo (Spandl, 1924;
structure on permanent slides. Brehm, 1953; Löffler, 1973). Our research has in-
( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217 211
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Fig. 4. Elaphoidella fatimae sp. nov., holotype, female. a, antennula; b, antenna; c, mandible. Scale bars: 0.1 mm
(a–c).
212 ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Fig. 5. Elaphoidella fatimae sp. nov., holotype, female. a–e, legs 1–5. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a–e).
( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217 213
E.B. Fefilova & V.R. Alekseev. A new species and new records of Harpacticoida from NE Borneo
Fig. 6. Elaphoidella fatimae sp. nov., holotype, female. a, two last abdominal somites, caudal rami and anal oper-
culum, dorsal view; b, ventral view of abdomen and leg 5. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (a, b).
214 ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 205–217