A new pipefish, Stigmatopora narinosa (Syngnathidae) from South Australia

2007·3.5 MB·English

by  Robert K Browne

)
MemoirsofMuseumVictoria64: 1-6(2007)
ISSN 1447-2546(Print) 1447-2554(On-line)
http://museumvictoria.com.au/Memoirs/
A new pipefish, Stigmatopora narinosd3$ yngnathidae) froiS* outh Australia
RobertK. Browne1’2andKevin Smith2
'SouthAustralianMuseum,NorthTerrace,Adelaide,SouthAustralia,Australia([email protected])
2InshoreFishGroup,www.ifg.bioteck.org
Abstract Browne,R.K.andSmith,K.2007.Anewpipefish,Stigmatoporanarinosa(Syngnathidae)fromSouthAustralia.Memoirs
ofMuseumVictoria64: 1-6.
Anewspeciesofpipefish,Stigmatoporanarinosasp.nov.(Teleostei,Syngnathidae)isdescribedfromGulfSt.
VincentandSpencerGulf,SouthAustralia.S.narinosashareswiththeotherthreedescribedStigmatoporaspeciesa
similarfinplacement,fullyenclosedbroodpouch,superiorandinferiortrunkandtailridgescontinuous,alateraltrunk
ridgeendingmidlaterally.S.narinosa,S.nigraKaup, 1853,andS.argusRichardson, 1840,havelongprehensiletails
and all Stigmatopora lack caudal fins. S. narinosa is most similarin meristics to S. nigra in havingthe dorsal fin
initiatingonaboutthefifthtoseventhtrunkringandthelateraltrunkridgeterminatingacrossthesecondtailring.In
other Stigmatopora species the dorsal fin originates on the ninth to thirteenth trunk ring, the lateral trunk ridge
terminatesbetweentheeighthtothirty-secondtailring,S.narinosaisdistinguishedfromsympatricS.nigrainhaving
nine(range,8.2-9.8),ratherthansixsub-dorsaltailrings(range,4.8-7.1),agreaternumberofsub-dorsaltailandtotal
rings,agreaternumberofdorsal-finrays,ashorterlaterally flattened and dorsally elevatedsnout, adistinctbanded
patterninbothliveandpreservedspecimens,alargerbroodnumberandadoublelayerofeggsinthebroodpouch.The
broodpouchisundertheanteriorportionofthetailandextendsfor 15-18ringsfromtheanalring;pouchplatesare
absentorvestigial,andthefoldsofthesemi-pouchenclosuremeetontheventralmidline.Theeggsaredepositedinup
totwolayers,oneliningthedorsumofthepouchandtheotherseparatedbyamembranouspartition,andthebroodof
upto98eggsislargerthanthemaximumnumberof41 foundinS.nigraandS.argus.S.narinosayoungatbirthare
approximately18mm,S.nigra13mm,andS.argus32mmtotallength.S.narinosahasaveryrestrictedknownrange
andhabitat,inhabitingpatchyopenbedsofsea-grasseswithbrownalgaeonsandyrubblesubstratebetween1mand5
mdepthoverlessthan200kmofcoastline.
Keywords Newspecies,syngnathid,marine,Stigmatoporanarinosa,taxonomy,Stigmatoporanigra.
Introduction beneaththetailinStigmatoporaandSolegnathus(Runcinatus)
rather than beneath the trunk in Syngnathoides (Dawson,
In 2003, we examined syngnathids in the South Australia
1982) and the development of a semi-pouch enclosure in
Museum collection to collect data on range, brood size, and Stigmatopora compared with unprotected membranous
different brood morphologies. Among the specimens were compartmentsinSyngnathoidesandSolegnathus Runcinatus
several examples of a Stigmatopora sp. with a unique sub- (Dawson, 1985). When preserved Stigamotopor(a lacks the)
dorsaltailringcount,snoutshape,andcoloration.Theearliest distally coiledprehensiletailfoundinrepresentatives ofboth
of these was collected in 1964. In the collection these were SyngnathoidesandRuncinatus(Dawson, 1982).Nevertheless,
identified as Stigmatopora sp. or unnamed, with several we have observed S. narinosa sp. nov., S. nigra Kaup, 1853,
specimenslackingaccessionnumbers (Browne,2003). and S. argus Richardson, 1840 holding seaweed with their
The Southern Australasian genus of pipefish the prehensiletails(fig. 1).
StigmatoporawasfirstdescribedbyKaup(1853).Stigmatopora Dawson (1982) reviewed Stigmatopora and found
shareswiththemoretropicalSyngnathoidesBleeker, 1851 and considerabledifferencesinmeristicvaluesbetweenpopulations
Solegnathus (Runcinatus Whitley, 1929 confluent inferior within the three recognized species: theAustralian and New
ridges and superior ridges, dorsal-fin origin on the trunk, ZealandS.nigra,theAustralianS.argus,andtheNewZealand
absenceofacaudal fin,presenceofpectoralfinsinadultsand S. macropterygia Dumeril, 1870. Despite the variation,
alateraltrunkridgeendingwithoutaventraldeflection.These S. nigra was distinguished from the othertwo Stigmatopora
generadifferthroughthepositioningofthemalebroodregion spp. by its dorsal-fin origin onthe fifthto seventhtrunk ring
2 RobertK. Browneand KevinSmith
and the lateral trunk ridge ending median on the second tail
ring; S. argusandS. macropterygiahavethedorsal-finorigin
on the ninth to thirteenth trunk ring, while the lateral trunk
ridgeinS.argusterminatesontheeighthtotwentiethtailring
andthetwenty-fourthtothirty-fifthtailringinS.macropterygia.
Dawson (1982) examined specimens of S. nigra from New
Zealand and from southern Queensland, New South Wales,
Victoria, Tasmania, and Western Australia but not South
Australia, He examined specimens of S. argus from these
statesandalso SouthAustralia. PhotosofS. narinosa sp. nov.
fromEdithburg,SouthAustralia,(Kuiter,2000)wereidentified
as S. olivacea (Castelnau, 1872). Examinations of images of
thetypeofS.olivacea(MuseumNationald’HistoireNaturelle,
Paris, France,A.738) revealed atypical S. argus. Besides the
above,nootherStigmatoporaspp.wererecognizedbyDawson
(1982).
Consequently,weconductedfieldsurveystoobtainfurther Figure 1. S.narinosasp.nov.fromPortVictoria,SpencerGulf,with
specimensofStigmatoporanarinosasp.nov..Wesampledten itsprehensiletailcoiledaroundmacroalgae.Theparasiteisanisopod
specimens of S. nigra within the range of S. narinosa for which is also commonlyfound onthe leafy seadragon(Phycodurus
meristic and morphometric comparison. In addition, we equis).ImageGrahamShort.
collated biological informationthrough literature searches of
all species in the Stigmatopora and compared their biology
andecologywiththatofS. narinosa. Stigmatoporanarinosasp.nov.
Figures2-5.Tables1,2.
Materialsandmethods
FiguredasStigmatoporaolivaceaCastelnau, 1872: GulfPipefish
Specimens of S. narinosa sp. nov. that were examined are inKuiter(2000): 199:figsA-D.Notethatfemaleinfig.CisS.argus.
lodged in the South Australian Museum (SAM), Adelaide, IncontradictiontothecaptionstheseimagesweretakenatEdithburgh,
South Australia, Australia; and in the Museum Victoria SouthAustralia(Kuiter,pers.com).
(NMV), Melbourne, Victoria,Australia. Tail ring counts and Holotype: male, SAM F10190, 150 mm TL, South Australia,
ttaoitlasl.lMeenrgitshtiwcevraelureescoorfdSedAoMnlFy10fo1r90spaencdimNeMnsVwiAt2h92u3nb1rwoekreen EbademidtwhohfbiulmreigxsPecoudoblPa,od3si5iv°di0on5ng'iS3a,01smp3.7°oa4fn5fd'sEhZ,oor3se1teaDtrea2c-smp2.0d0se3ep.at-hHgraMansLdsWensSe,,ttweiidnthaatnb1ro0op.we3nn0
ufisg.ed2fowrabsrotoadkepnoufcrhopmostihteiopnaarnadtyepgegScoAunMts.10T1h8e6dtroawriendgucien algaeP,aroantyapessa:ndSyourtuhbbAluestsruablsitar:atSe.AMF10186,135mmTL,Edithburgh
damagethroughhandlingoftheholotype. Pool,35°05'S, 137°45'E, 29Dec2004. SAMF10194,60and64mm
Counts and measurements follow the methodology of TL,MagazineBay,Pt.Turton,34°55'S, 137°20'E, 18Jan2004.SAM
Dawson (1982). Lengths were measured to the nearest F10195, 72 mm TL, Port Victoria, 34°29'S, 137°28'E, 7 Jan 2004.
t0oe.f1svtaimnrgmia.fnocreDna(otOra’mBaralisiant’rysa)t(.iSohCsaopuwinertrose-WoAirrltckrsaWinnsetfeosttr)rmaeandnsddfaohtroammewodegrebeneetfihoteryne 3N153M°00V5m'SmA,2T19L327,3°40P5o-'r0Et0,1H2,u2ghO14ec3ts,2Je01t03t50y,.,3N142M°20,V4'S1A,3219123m371°m-3020'T1EL,,,31E401d,Oict1th17b,2u0r10g451.,Po1o2l8,,
subject to t-tests. All statistical analyses were performed Othermaterialexamined.SAMF7458,122and94mmTL,Edithburgh
usingtheJMP5.1 softwarepackage(SASInstituteInc.,Cary, Jetty, 35°05'S, 137° 45’E, 13 Apr 1992. SAM F 7550, 95 mm TL,
NC,USA). EdithburghJetty,35°05'S,137°45'E,15Mar1994.SAMF7551,73mm
ofirnigrTianhy;eDcmouo=nrtdp;ohrosTlaRolgri=acyatlcrouaunbnkbtr;reiPvnig=sa;tpieTocnAtsoRruas=lerdtaayialrcer:oiunnDgtsO;;AS-D=dToarnRsaal=l- T991L201,4mmmEmmdmitTTThLLLb,,,urPSSgoeehraatccJllHeiitufftffgy,,,he333s555°°°J000e225t''t'ySSS,,,,34111°33307884°°°'433S511,'''EEE1,,,37551°33MM2A'aapErr,r1221008900M9332a...rSSS1AA9A9MMM4.FFFF11110000111157689106,,,,
sub-dorsaltrunkrings;SDTAR=sub-dorsaltailrings;SDR= 135 mmTL,EdithburghPool,35°05’S, 137°45'E, 29 Dec 2004. SAM
total sub-dorsal rings; SD = snout depth, least vertical F10191,74mmTL,PortVincent,34°46'S,137°52'E,1964.SAMF10192,
dimensionposteriadofmouth; SnL=snoutlength,fromtipof 70mmTL,Seacliff,35°02'S, 138°31'E,5Mar2003. SAMF10193,65
lowertoposteriorside ofeye socket; SW- snoutwidth, least mmTL,EdithburghJetty,35°05'S, 137°45'E, 1981. F10194,60and64
haontreirzioonrtaelyemesoacskuert;emHeLnt=bheetawdeelenngtthhe,tfirpoomfttihpeofsnloouwteranjdawthteo Fm1m019T5L,,7M2amgamziTnLe,PBoaryt,VPitc.toTruiar,to3n4,°2394’°S5,5’1S3,7°2183'7E°,201'7E,Ja1n820J0a4n.2004.
preoasrtemriaorrgionfoofpeorpcerucluulmumt;o TvernLt;=TtLrun=ktloetnaglthle,ngltehn;gtShTfRro=m Fand75mS5op1re,pchiSomAmeenMtsroFif1c0Sc1.o5nm9ap,rairSniAossoManswFpe.1r0ne1o6Sv0.A,(MnS=FA77M4)5f8Fo,1r0S1s7tAa1tM.istFCioc7am5lp5a0m,erraSitsAitviMec
superiortrunkridge;STAR=superiortailridge;ITR=inferior material of S. nigra (SAM F10185, n = 10) used for statistical
trunk ridge; ITAR = inferior tail ridge; LTR - lateral trunk comparison was collected at O’Sullivans Beach Marina (35°02’S,
ridge;LTAR=lateraltailridge. 138°31'E).OthercomparisonswerewithDawson(1982).
81
ANewPipefish, Stigmatoporanarinosa(Teleostei,Syngnathidae) 3
Table 1.MeristiccountsforS.narinosa,andS.nigrafromSouthAustralia.
Species/counts Dorsal Pectoral SDTR SDTAR SDR
S.nigra 36.0+1.1 34—38 13.0+0.0 13-13 10.57+0.45 10.0-12.5 6.23+0.18 4.8-7. 16.8+0.6 16.00-18.00
S.narinosa 40.8±2.3 37^4-5 12.4+0.5 12-13 11.75+1.00 9.0-12.5 9.08+0.17 8.2-9. 19.8+1.1 19.25-22.25
Probability P<0.01 NS NS P<0.01 P<0.05
Pforf-test. NS =not significant. Dorsal = dorsal ray count; Pectoral =pectoral ray count; SDTR = sub-dorsal trunkrings ngs; SDTAR =
sub-dorsaltailrings;SDR=totalsub-dorsalrings.Valuesareexpressedasmeans±SD,range.
Table2.MeasurementratiosforS.narinosaandS.nigrafromSouthAustralia.
Species/ratios SD/SnL SW/SnL HL/TrL SnL/TrL SnL/HL
S.nigra 0.09+0.01 0.08-0.10 0.06+0.01 0.05-0.06 0.68+0.13 0.59-0.76 0.43+0.03 0.39-0.48 0.64+0.02 0.60-0.67
S.narinosa 0.13+0.02 0.10-0.17 0.14+0.03 0.10-0.18 0.66+0.05 0.58-0.68 0.38+0.02 0.34—0.40 0.61 +0.03 0.56-0.65
Probability P<0.01 P<0.01 NS P<0.01 P<0.01
SD=snoutdepth,leastverticaldimensionposteriadofmouth;SnL=snoutlength;SW=snoutwidth;HL=headlength;TrL=trunklength,
lengthfromposteriorofoperculumtovent.Valuesareexpressedasmeans±SD,range.
Pfort-test,NS=notsignificant.
Figure2.(a)Sideviewofthehead,(b)dorsalviewofthehead,and(c)sideviewoftheposteriortrunkandanteriortailofamaleStigmatopora
narinosa sp. nov. (ParatypeSAM 10186) preservedin alcohol. The sub-dorsal ring countis 12 + 8.2 =20.2. Thebroadsnoutis particularly
elevatednearthetip.Theridgesonthesnoutandtrunkarelessprominentinfreshspecimens.Thelateraltrunkridgeendsacrossthesecondtail
ring.DrawingbyLisaWaters.
4 RobertK. Browneand KevinSmith
Figure5.Aside(a)anddorsal(b)viewofStigmatoporanigra(upper;
Figure 3. Side view ofStigmatopora narinosa sp. nov. (Paratype Kaup,1853)andalsoofS.argus(lower,b,c;Richardson,1840)from
SAMF10195).Thetailtaperstoapointwithoutacaudalfin. SouthAustralia. Bothspecieshavearelativelylongermoretubular
snout than S. narinosa, with S. argus having a longer snout than
S.nigra.
a
b
Figure4.(a)Sideviewofthehead,trunkandanteriorofthetailofa
male Stigmatopora narinosa sp. nov, (Holotype, SAM F10190)
showingtheprominentbrood-pouchposteriortothevent,(b)dorsal
view ofthebrood-pouch extending 14tail ringsfromthevent, (c)
ventralviewofthebroodpouchshowingthewell-developedpouch
folds .Thismalegavebirthwhencaptured. S.narinosaisatypical
ofthegenusinhavingupto98eggsintwolayers,insteadof20-40
eggsinonelayer.
Diagnosis. In contrast to other described species of
Stigmatopora trunk and tail ridges, and particularly lateral
trunkridge, in,distinctinfresh specimens. Lateral trunkridge Figure 6.A side (a) and dorsal (b) view ofS. nigra (upper; Kaup
terminates 1.5 body rings posterior to anal ring. Short, wide 1853)andalsoofS.argus(lower,b,c;Richardson1840)fromSouth
and slightly elevated snout. 9 sub-dorsal tail rings. Distinct Australia. Bothspecieshavearelativelylongermoretubularsnout
thanS.narinosa,withS.argushavingalongersnoutthanS.nigra.
bandedpatterninbothliveandpreservedspecimens.
Description. STR and STAR continuous, ITR and ITAR
continuous. LTR not confluent with LTAR, LTR terminating
about 1.5bodyringsposteriortoanalring(fig.2).Meristicand varying between individuals and possibly also with age.
morphometricvalues giveninTables 1,2. Theopercularridge Anterioranddorsalmarginsofeachringdarkbrownorreddish
longitudinal andangledlittle dorsally, prominentinjuveniles,
reducedinadults(fig.5).Broodpouch(fig.4)undertheanterior brown, distinct or smudged, form a transverse band at each
portionoftail,extendsfor 15to 18ringsfromanalring;pouch joint. Bands broaden ventrally, with only thin pale line
plates absent or vestigial, brood protected by well-developed remaining in middle of rings, resulting in appearance of a
pouch folds which develop from the inferior tail ridges and series of inverted saddles. Central part of bands sometimes
touchoroverlapatventralmidlinewithinlengthof1 ring. pale resulting in double bands. Elongated spots sometimes
Holotype. <5,DO 6.5, D40, P 13,A4,TR 18,TAR68, present in these double dark bands or bands broken, further
SDTR 11.5, SDTAR 7.5, SDR 19, SD/SnL 0.14, SW/SnL disrupting banded pattern and giving spotted or scribbled
0.15,HL/TrL0.64, SnL/TrL0.37, SnL/HL0.62. appearance.Bandingoftenobscured,especiallyontheanterior
halfoftrunk(figs2,4).Similarspottingsometimesunderhead.
Colouration. Basecolorvariablybrown,red,yellowandgrey- Juvenilesoftenbrownorgoldenyellow.
green,tendingtofadetocream,brownandredinpreservative.
Adults mainly grey-green above with reddish-brown or dark Reproduction. WhencomparedtotheotherStigmatoporaspp.
brownmarkings. Reddominatestowardtip oftail withthetip themostdistinguishingcharacteristicsofthereproductionofS.
frequentlyonlybrightred. Patternofdarktransversebandson narinosaarealackofdorso-ventral compressioninfemales,a
eachring withthe pattern changing along length ofbody and specialized reproductive morphology, the number and size of
ANewPipefish, Stigmatoporanarinosa(Teleostei,Syngnathidae) 5
the young. Sexual dimorphism characteristic of S. nigra, Etymology. S. narinosa “naris, Latin nostril; narinosus, broad-
S.argus,andS.macropterygiaisthedorso-ventralcompression nosed” (Brown, 1954) is named afterthe wide and distinctive
of the trunk which is exaggerated in the females during spatulate shape of its snout (fig. 2). Kuiter (2000) gives this
courtship. Female S. nigra also display brightred banding on species as S. olivacea, andthe common name ‘GulfPipefish’.
theventralsurfaceduringcourtship. Because this common name is used for the North American
S. narinosahas adistinctivebroodpouch andpotentially Syngnathus scovelli (Evermann and Kendall, 1896), for S.
agreaternumberofbroodedeggsthanits congeners S. nigra narinosaweadoptthecommonname ‘SouthernGulfPipefish’.
orS. argus. Thebroodpouchis underthe anteriorportion of Distribution. S. narinosais currently known onlyfrom South
thetailandextendsfor 15-18ringsfromtheanalring;pouch Australiaalong200kmofinshorehabitatfromSeaciff(35°02'S,
mpleaettesoanretahbesevnetntorralvemsitdiglailn,e.anTdhweelelg-gdsevoefloSp.ednaproiuncohsafoladrse 138031'E) on the southeastern coast of the Gulf St. Vincent,
deposited in two layers, a basal layer and then an external alongthe south-westernshoreoftheGulfSt. VincentfromPt.
Vincent (34°46'S, 137°52'E) south to the Edithburgh Jetty
layer. In the specimen with the greatest recorded number of
eggstherewere3 staggeredrowsof64basalmembranousegg (35°05'S, 137°45'E), and along the south-eastern shore of
compartmentsonthetail,withthisbasallayerofeggscovered SpencerGulffromPt. HughesJetty(34°04'S, 137°32'E),atPt.
by a membrane with matching rows of egg pouches; a 2nd Victoria (34°29'S, 137°28'E), and south to Magazine Bay, Pt.
layerwith34eggswithinthebroodpouchfolds resultedin a Turton (34°55'S, 137°20'E) (fig. 7). Photographs appearing to
total of 98 eggs. The total lengths of S. narinosa larvae at beS.narinosaweretakenatPt.Hughes(2003)andEdithburgh
hatching are 18 mm, those of S. nigra 13 mm, and those of Jetty(35°05'S, 137°45'E)andbyKuiter(2000)atEdithburg(in
S. argus 32 mm. Male S. narinosa have extended brood Kuiter, 2000, imagetitlefromCapeJarvis, Kuiterpers. com.)
patches from December to March, and juveniles < 90 mm and Pt. Victoria (34°29'S, 137°28'E). All specimens of
seen from December to March. Males of S. narinosa can S. narinosa have been collmected orphotographed in sheltered
mature at 113 mm. The maximum recorded brood of shallowopenwaterof1-5 depthoverasubstrateofamosaic
S. narinosa of98 eggs was far greaterthanthatrecorded by of patches of brown algae, with Posidonia, or Zostera. The
Dawson (1982) of approximately 25 for S. nigra and 41 for only hand-netted specimen of S. narinosa was sampled at
S. argus(IFG2007). Stansbury (34°53'S, 137°49'E) atlow tide. Deeperwatertrawl
surveys offshorefromlocationsinhabitedby S. narinosahave
Comparisons.ThedorsalfinoriginofS.narinosaissimilarto yieldednospecimens. DeeperSCUBAsurveyshavenotfound
that ofS. nigra atthe 5thto 7thtrunkring but contrasts with S. narinosa. Therefore, S. narinosa appears to have a very
other Stigmatopora which have the dorsal fin origin at the limitedinshore distribution along patches ofmoderate energy
9thto 13thtrunkring. However, S. narinosa sp. nov. is easily coastlineswithlowturbidityandabrokenvegetationpatternof
distinguished from S. nigra in having 9, rather than 6 sea-grassandbrownalgae.
sub-dorsal tail rings. Other distinguishing characteristics of The northern sections of both the Gulf St. Vincent and
S.narinosawhencomparedtoS.nigraareagreaternumberof Spencer Gulf are low energy coastlines with typically dense
dorsalrays,totalsub-dorsalrings;andratiosofsnoutdepthand Posidonia sea-grass beds extending from low tide mark to
snout width to snout length, lower ratios of snout length to considerable depths. They lack an open patchy mosaic of
trunklengthandheadlength(Tables 1,2). brownalgae,Posidonia,andZosteraonsandandprobablydo
deadS.snpaerciimneonssa.hSa.snaigdriastainncdtSb.aanrdgeudspaaltstoebrontihnhbaovtehblainvdeianng.d not offer suitable habitatfor S. narinosa . Both S. argus and
ThebandingonS. nigraonthedorsal surfaceconsistsofdark SS.. anrigguras (geTnLera2l5l4ymimnh;abiDtawsseoan-g,ra1s9s82b)edpsr,efweirtrihngthtehelalrognegr
bars between the ventral rings on the trunk and extending to
ttwhhieededtraoirtls.haalDnasorunkrftbahaceenddoosrfsotahnlesttuhrrefuanvckeen.torfTahlSe.rsaeurrmgfuaascyeobroeftnhtoehebbaatnnrdduisnnkgmaaoryne (ss~hmoar6ltl0eGrcm5S.)-1n4aincgdrma)w(ainTddLen1(a~6r2r1omwcmm(,~)2DP-ao4wssmiomdno),niZ1ao9s8ts2pe.)rabinesphd.asb,sietaai-nngdgrattshsh.ee
appearas narrow dark orpale bars onthetrunk and anterior Both S. argus and S. nigra are colored green to grey-green.
3rd of the tail. S. narinosa has inverted saddle-like dark The generally reddish/brown colour of S. narinosa would
transversebandsoneachring,broadeningventrally,withonly provide better camouflage among its apparently preferred
thin pale line remaining inmiddle ofrings. The anteriorand habitat of mixed sea-grass and brown algae. Seasonal water
tip oftail of S. narinosa is frequently colored red to yellow temperatures atonesiteinhabitedbyS. narinosa(Edithburgh
with those of S. nigra and S. argus green. A further Pool;35°05'S, 137°45'E)rangedfrom 12-20°C.
distinguishing feature ofS. argus are dark spots or ocelli on This restricted inshore habitat of S. narinosa may be
thedorsaltrunk. particularlyvulnerabletopollutantsorexoticmarinespecies.On
S. nigra and S. argus have elongated narrow and shallow the other hand, the readily accessible inshore distribution of
snouts(fig.6).However,thesnoutofS.narinosaisshort,wide S. narinosa couldfacilitate the monitoring and investigation of
andslightlyelevated.ThebroodpouchofS. narinosaextends its populations and contribute to conservation measures. The
15-18 rings fromthe anal ring (fig. 3). In S. argus the brood finding ofanew Stigmatopora species in shallow inshore sites
pouch extends 14-24 tail rings, in S. nigra 12-16 tail rings, adjacenttopopulatedareasindicatesthepotentialforothernovel
andinS.macropterygia21-24tailrings. speciesofpipefishtobediscoveredacrosssouthernAustralia.
6 RobertK. Browneand KevinSmith
Figure7.Knownlocations(•)oftheSouthernGulfPipefishStigmatoporanarinosasp.nov.inSouthAustralia.TherangeofS.narinosaextends
fromsouth-easternSpencerGulf,alongthelowerhalfofwesternGulfSt.VincentwithalocalisedpopulationineasternGulfStVincent.
Acknowledgements Castelnau,F.L.1872.ContributiontotheIchthyologyofAustralia.No.
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I thank Peter Cullen for his advice and encouragement in someSouthAustralianFishes(pp. 243-247). Proceedingsofthe
studying syngnathids andLisaWatersforherpreparationof
Figure 2. David Muirhead and Graham Short provided DawsZoono,loCg.iEc.al19A8c5c.liImnadtoi-oP.acSiofciicetPiypoeffiVsihcetso:rRiaed1:S2e9a-2t4o7t.heAmericas.
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