A new peculiar species of Anaclileia Meunier (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Georgia, Transcaucasia

2018·8.9 MB·

by  Olavi Kurina

©EntomologicaFennica.21November2018
Anew peculiar species of Anaclileia Meunier
(Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Georgia, Transcaucasia
OlaviKurina
Kurina,O.2018:AnewpeculiarspeciesofAnaclileiaMeunier(Diptera:My-
cetophilidae)fromGeorgia,Transcaucasia.—Entomol.Fennica29:153–160.
Anewfungusgnatspecies,Anaclileiaadjaricasp.n.(Diptera:Mycetophilidae)
fromGeorgiaisdescribed,illustratedanddiscussed.Thespeciesrepresentsthe
firstrecordofthegenusfromGeorgiaaswellasfromwholeCaucasusregion.
Thenewspeciesisdistinguishedbythepeculiaranduniquestructureofthemale
terminalia, especially thatofthetergite9whichincludesposterolateralmega-
setaeandaheart-shapedaggregationofsmallspines.Thepossibledistributional
rangeofthenewspeciesisdiscussed.
O.Kurina,InstituteofAgriculturalandEnvironmentalSciences,EstonianUni-
versity of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi st 5 D, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. E-mail:
[email protected]
Received23October2017,accepted8January2018
1.Introduction exhaustively studied, the male terminalia of all
species have been illustrated (Bechev 1990,
ThefungusgnatgenusAnaclileiaMeunier,1904 Zaitzev 1994, Coher 1995). All but one of the
belongs to the subfamily Sciophilinae of My- species have either a Palaearctic or a Nearctic
cetophilidae,sharingthebasallyobsoleteveinM distribution, while a single species is recorded
1
withtwoothergenera–PolyleptaWinnertz,1863 fromthetemperateNepalintheOrientalregion
and Neuratelia Rondani, 1856 (e.g. Søli et al. (Bechev1990).Threespeciesareknowntooccur
2000),andisdistinguishedfromthesegeneraby in Europe: the widely distributed Anaclileia
otherdetailsofthewingvenation.Accordingto dispar(Winnertz,1863)andA.dziedzickii(Land-
thephylogeneticanalysisbasedonmorphologi- rock, 1911), and A. beshovskii Bechev, 1990
cal characters by Borkent and Wheeler (2013), whichisknownonlyfromBulgaria,Switzerland
Anaclileia is supported by five homoplasious andtheCzechRepublic(itsoccurrenceinSwe-
characterstatesandisplacedasthesistergroupto denaccordingtoChandler (2013) isanerror as
the remaining members of tribe Sciophilini. the species was removed from the Swedish
There are no molecular analyses that include checklistalreadybyKjærandsenetal.(2007a)).
Anaclileia(seee.g.Rindaletal.2009,Šev(cid:1)íket InTranscaucasia(i.e.RepublicsofArmenia,
al.2016),probablybecausethesegnatsarequite Azerbaijan and Georgia), sciaroid fungus gnats
rarely encountered in samples and there is no including mycetophilids are still rather poorly
freshmaterialavailableforsuchstudies. studied.Thereare21speciesofMycetophilidae
Twelve species of Anaclileia are known so reported from Azerbaijan (Zaitzev 1994, 2003)
far,eightofwhichareextantandfourhavebeen and five species from Armenia (Joost &
described from fossils (Zaitzev 1994, Coher Plassmann1985,Zaitzev1994).Surprisingly,no
1995). The known extant species have been specieswasreportedfromGeorgiauntilKurina
154 Kurina (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29
Fig.1.–a,b.SamplinglocalitiesofAnaclileiaadjaricasp.n.insouthwesternGeorgia.–c,d.Thelocalitiesare
characterizedbytheColchicbroad-leavedforests:MtiralaNP(c)andKintrishiNR(d).
(2014) mentioned 149 species but without any QuercusponticaK.KochandTiliadasystylaSte-
additional data on species composition. Subse- ven(Fig.1c,d).Theareaisnotedfortheextraor-
quently,Jürgensteinetal.(2015)andKurinaetal. dinarilyhighannualprecipitation,withanaver-
(2015)provideddataonthreeandonespecies,re- ageover2,000mmbutexceeding4,000mmon
spectively. These studies did not record any theseasideslopesofMountainDidiMtirala(e.g.
Anaclileiaspeciesfromtheregion. Murvanidzeetal.2016).
While studying fungus gnat material from Allspecimenswereinitiallypreservedin70%
Georgia,anunusualAnaclileiaspecieswasfound ethylalcohol.Aftertheexamination,someofthe
and identified as a species new to science. The specimens were mounted from alcohol, using a
aimofthispaperistodescribeanddiscussit. chemicalmethoddescribedbyVockeroth(1966),
anddouble-mountedusingminutepins.Forde-
tailed study and illustration of the terminalia,
2.Materialsandmethods these were detached and treated by the method
describedbyKjærandsenetal.(2007b).Afterthe
Thestudiedfungusgnatmaterialwascollectedin examination,theterminaliawerestoredinglyc-
2013 by sweep netting and light trapping from erine in a separate plastic microvial attached to
twolocalitiesinGeorgia(Fig. 1a, b):surround- the same pin as the mounted specimen. For the
ings of the visitor centres of Mtirala NP and detailed morphological study, a few permanent
Kintrishi NR, both northeast of Batumi on the slides were also prepared. For this process, the
western slopes of the Meskheti Range of the wings were detached and mounted under a
Lesser Caucasus. All the collecting was carried coverslipinEuparalmedium.Thereafter,therest
outinhabitatslowerthan500ma.s.l.,character- ofthebody includingterminaliawasmacerated
izedbypristineColchichumidbroad-leavedfo- in warm concentrated potassium hydroxide
restsdominatedbyCastaneasativaMill.,Fagus (KOH), followed by washing in distilled water
orientalis Lipsky, Carpinus caucasica Grossh., anddehydratinginstagesofincreasingconcen-
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 (cid:127) AnewAnaclileiaspeciesfromGeorgia 155
Fig.2.Anaclileia
adjaricasp.n.(ho-
lotype).–a.Habi-
tus.–b.Closeview
ofheadandthorax.
–c.Closeviewof
maleterminalia.
Abbreviations:abd,
abdomen;anepst,
anepisternum;
aprnt,antepro-
notum;cx,coxa;
gc,gonocoxite;hlt,
haltere;ltg,latero-
tergite;mtepst,
metepisternum;
mtg,mediotergite;
oc,ocellus;ped,
pedicel;plp,palpal
segment;preepst,
preepisternum;
proepst,pro-
episternum;sc,
scutum;scp,
scape;tg,tergite;
vrt,vertex;wg,
wing.Scalebars1
mm(a)and0.2
mm(b,c).
trationofethylalcohol.Partsofthebodyandthe ervationofeachspecimenisgiveninthetypema-
terminaliawerethenmountedseparatelybetween terialsection.
twocoverslipsinEuparalmediumandattachedto Illustrations of the terminalia were prepared
thesameslideusingstripesofadhesivetape(see using a U-DAdrawing tube attached to a com-
alsoHippa&Kurina2012).Themethodofpres- pound microscope Olympus CX31. The digital
156 Kurina (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29
Fig.3.Anaclileiaadjaricasp.n.(paratype),wing.Scalebar0.5mm.
imagesofgeneralhabitus,head,thoraxandter- mountedfromalcohol;1$inalcohol);1#,same
minaliawerecombinedusingthesoftwareLAS dataasholotypeexceptlighttrap(mountedfrom
V.4.1.0.frommultiplegraduallyfocusedimages alcohol, terminalia in glycerine); 1 #, GEOR-
takenbyaLeicaDFC450cameraattachedtoa GIA, Kintrishi NP, 41°45’11.7”N 041°58’
Leica205CstereomicroscopeorLeicaDM6000 38.4”E,alt.453m,sweeping,22.V.2013,O.Ku-
B compound microscope, respectively (see also rinaleg.(inalcohol).
Kurinaetal.2015).AdobePhotoshopCS5was Description.Male.Bodylength:3.2–3.4,3.3
used for editing the figures and compiling the [3.2]mm(n=4)
plates. Head(Fig.2a–b):Browntodarkbrown,with
Morphological terminology follows gener- numerous setae. Three ocelli in a shallow and
allythatofSøli(1997)whilefortheinterpretation widetriangulararrangement,withlateralssepa-
ofthewingvenationSøli(2017)wasused.The ratedfromeyemarginsbyadistanceabouttriple
measurementsarefromthespecimensinalcohol theirowndiameter.Facesemicircular,withme-
andaregivenastherangeofmeasuredspecimens dial portion well convex, lower portion fused
followedbythemeanvalue,whilethemeasure- with conical clypeus, wider than high; both
ments from the holotype are given in square brown, setose. Mouthparts light brown. Palpus
brackets.Theratiosofthethreeapicalpalpalseg- fivesegmented,yellowish-brown.Ratioofthree
mentsaregivenas3rd:4th:5th.Allmaterialisde- apical palpal segments 1.0 : 1.8–1.9, 1.9 [1.9] :
positedintheinsectcollectioninIZBE–Institute 1.6–2.0,1.8[1.8].Scapeandpedicellightbrown,
ofAgriculturalandEnvironmentalSciences,Es- pedicel somewhat lighter. Flagellum 14-seg-
tonianUniversityofLifeSciences(formerInsti- mented; flagellomeres light brown, with short
tuteofZoologyandBotany),Tartu,Estonia. pale setae; first flagellomere basally pale, elon-
gated, about 3 times as long as broad apically;
flagellomeres 2–13 cylindrical; fourth flagello-
3.DescriptionofAnaclileiaadjarica mere2.1–2.5timesaslongasbroad;apicalflagel-
sp.n.Figs2–5. lomereslightlyconical,3.3–3.8timesaslongas
broadatbase.
Typematerial.Holotype:#,GEORGIA,Mtirala Thorax(Fig.2a–b):Allpartsbrown,allsetae
NP, near visitor centre, 41°40’38.9”N 041°51’ yellowtobrownish.Mesonotumwithevenlyar-
18.2”E,alt.240m,sweeping,19.V.2013,O.Ku- ranged numerous setae. Scutellum with 14–22
rinaleg.(inalcohol).Paratypes:2##,samedata setaedorsally,notarrangedindistinctpairsalong
asholotype(1#inalcohol;1#mountedfromal- the margin. Antepronotum with 7–9 and pro-
cohol);3##3$$,samedataasholotypeexcept episternumwith3–6setaeofunequalsize,latero-
20.V.2013(2##1$onslidesinEuparal;1#1$ tergitewith7–12setaeandmediotergitewith12–
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 (cid:127) AnewAnaclileiaspeciesfromGeorgia 157
Fig.4.Anaclileiaadjaricasp.n.(paratype),maleTerminalia.–a,c.Dorsalview.–b.Posteriorview.–d,e.Ven-
tralview.Abbreviations:as,apicalshelfoftergite9;cerc,cercus;gc,gonocoxite;gst,gonostylus;hyp,hypoproct;
par,paramere;tg,tergite.Scalebars0.1mm.
16 setae medially on lower part. Other pleural femoraandtibiaeyellow,femoraapicallyslightly
partsbare.Haltereyellowwithpaleknob,setose. infuscated, tarsi appearing darker because of
Legs (Fig. 2a). All coxae yellow, basally dense setae. Fore tibia without diverging setae.
slightly infuscated. All trochanters brown. All Midtibiawith2–3anteriorand0–2dorsalsetae.
158 Kurina (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29
Fig.5.Anaclileiaadjaricasp.n.(paratype),femaleTerminalia.–a.Lateralview.–b.Ventralview.Abbreviations:
cerc,cercus;gp,gonapophysis;gc,gonocoxite;st,sternite;tg,tergite.Scalebar0.1mm.
Hind tibia with 3–4 anterior, 1–4 antero-dorsal, 0.83, 0.79 [0.83]; 0.80–0.89, 0.85 [0.85]; 0.76–
4–7 dorsal and 0–3 posterior setae, and with a 0.88,0.80[0.88].Ratiooftibiatobasitarsusfor
postero-apicalsparsecombofsetae.Ratiooffe- fore-,mid-andhindlegs:1.04–1.13,1.10[1.10];
murtotibiaforfore-,mid-andhindlegs:0.74– 1.15–1.31,1.25[1.31];1.61–1.65,1.63[1.65].
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 (cid:127) AnewAnaclileiaspeciesfromGeorgia 159
Wing (Fig. 3). Hyaline, length 2.6–3.1, 2.8 trallywellseparatedsections:firstsectionmedi-
[2.6]mm(n=4).Allveinsbrown,costalandra- ally fused, short and apically concave; second
dial veins somewhat darker. Both surfaces of section medially separated, both halves with an
costalandradialveinssetose,otherveinssetose apicalexcision.
only dorsally. Wing membranewith micro- and Biology.Unknown.
macrotrichia on both surfaces. Costa reaching Etymology.Thespecificepithetreferstothe
halfway from R to M. Sc reaching costa at type location in the Autonomous Republic of
4+5 1
aboutonequartertoonethirdbetweenRsandtip Adjara,Georgia.
ofR.R slightlysinuate.Crossveinr-mabout
1 4+5
threetimesaslongasRs.M basallyobsolete:ob-
1
servableveinbeginningdistally frommiddleof 4.Discussion
R.Cubitalforkbeginningattheleveloftheapex
1
ofScorsomewhatproximally. Using the generic key by Søli et al. (2000), the
Abdomen(Fig.2a):Firstsegmentbrown,II– new species runs to Anaclileia and agrees per-
IVsegmentsyellowishtolightbrown,remaining fectly with the generic diagnosis provided by
segmentsbrowntodarkbrown.Sternitessome- BorkentandWheeler(2013).Thegeneralstruc-
what lighter than tergites. Terminalia (Fig. 2c, ture of the male terminalia, especially that of
4a–e)browntodarkbrown.Tergite9remarkably gonocoxiteandgonostylus,resemblesspeciesal-
emarginated with protruding lateral portions, ready described (cf. figures by Bechev 1990,
eachbearingtwosimpleandpointedmegasetae. Coher 1995). All species have the gonostylus
Apical shelf of tergite 9 with a wavy posterior one-lobedandbentmedially,andthegonocoxite
marginwithaU-shapedmedialincisiondiscern- ventrallywithlateralportionsdrawnoutposteri-
ibleinposteriorview,andaheart-shapedaggre- orly.However,withinthegenericlimits,A.adja-
gationofsmallspinesmedially.Anteriormargin ricasp.n.isuniqueby thepeculiaroutlineand
oftergite9withadeepincisionmedially.Setaeon vestitureoftergite9whichis1)wellemarginated
tergite 9 similar to those on gonocoxite. Cerci with two simple megasetae apically on lateral
small,rounded,indorsalviewcoveredbytergite portionsofbothsides(withoutmegasetaeinthe
9.Gonocoxiterounded,entirely coveredby ter- caseoftheotherspecies),2)withaheart-shaped
gite 9 dorsally. Ventral medial margin of gono- aggregation of small spines on the apical shelf
coxite medially bulging, posteriorly forming an (withoutanaggregationofspinesintheotherspe-
acuteanglewithlateralmargin.Gonostylussim- cies),and3)withadeepanteriorincision(atmost
ple,one-lobed,curvedandapicallypointed,with shallowlyconcaveintheotherspecies).
a sub-basal heel-like medial protrusion. Para- ThediscoveryofanewMycetophilidaespe-
merestapering,posteriorlyreachingthelevelof ciesinTranscaucasiaisnotsurprising.Thefam-
medialbulgeofventralmedialmarginofgono- ily isextremely superficially studiedinthearea
coxite. andintheCaucasusgenerally,whichinaddition
Female.Bodylength2.9–3.0,3.0mm(n=3). tobeingaglacialrefugiumduringthePleistocene
Wing length 2.7–2.9, 2.8. Colour and setosity (e.g.Hewitt1999)isalsoconsideredtobeoneof
similartomale.Terminalia(Fig.5)brown.Cer- the biodiversity hotspots (e.g. Williams 2004).
cus two-segmented: apical segment, elongated, Anaclileia adjarica sp. n. is currently recorded
morethanthreetimesaslongaswidemedially; onlyfromthewesternslopesoftheLesserCauca-
basalsegmentsub-quadrate,abouthalfaslongas susbutitcouldprobablyhaveawiderdistribution
apical segment. Tergite 8 slightly longer than along the north-facing slopes of the Pontic
wide, anterior margin oblique in lateral view. (Parhar) Mountains in Turkey. Apossible more
Bothtergite9andsternite10partly membrane- northerndistributionbeyondtheCaucasusisun-
ous,moresclerotizedmedially.Gonapophysis9 likelyastheGreaterCaucasusMtsformasignifi-
massive, in ventral view subtrapezoidal, with cantbiologicalbarrier(e.g.Seddonetal.2002).
sclerotized lateral portions, well discernible in However, further studies including extensive
ventralview.Gonapophysis8asarimanteriorly sampling would be necessary for any definitive
fromgonocoxite9.Gonocoxite8withtwoven- conclusions.
160 Kurina (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29
Acknowledgements.Thestudywasfundedbyinstitutional Kurina,O.2014:Afaunisticaccountofselectedbibiono-
researchfunding(IUT21-1)fromtheEstonianMinistryof morphfamiliesinGeorgia.—In:Dorchin,N.,Kotrba,
EducationandResearch.IamgratefultoProf.T.Tammaru M.,Mengual,X.&Menzel,F.(eds),8thInternational
(Tartu,Estonia)fororganisingthecollectingtriptoGeor- CongressofDipterology,AbstractVolume:191.Am-
giainMay2013,andtoProf.G.Japoshvili(Tbilisi,Geor- pyx-Verlag,Halle(Saale).440pp.
gia)forassistanceduringthefieldworkinGeorgia.Dr.J. Kurina,O.,Õunap,E.&Põldmaa,K.2015:TwonewNeu-
Salmela (Rovaniemi, Finland), Dr. A. Polevoi (Petro- ratelia Rondani (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) species
zavodsk,Russia)andDr.J.Šev(cid:1)ík(Ostrava,theCzechRe- fromWesternPalaearctic:acaseoflimitedcongruen-
public)arethankedfortheircomments.Dr.A.Pont(Ox- cebetweenmorphologyandDNAsequencedata.—
ford,UK)kindlycheckedtheEnglishlanguage. ZooKeys 496: 105–129. doi:10.3897/zookeys.496.
9315
Murvanidze,M.,Mumladze,L.,Arabuli,T.,Barjadze,S.
References &Salakaia,M.2016:Oribatidadiversityindifferent
microhabitatsofMtiralaNationalPark.—Journalof
theAcarologicalSocietyofJapan25(S1):35–49.
Bechev,D.1990:RecentHolarcticspeciesofthegenus
Rindal,E.,Søli,G.E.E.&Bachmann,L.2009:Molecular
Anaclileia Meunier (Insecta, Diptera: Mycetophili-
phylogenyofthefungusgnatfamilyMycetophilidae
dae).—Reichenbachia28:67–71.
(Diptera,Mycetophiliformia).—SystematicEntomo-
Borkent,C.J.&Wheeler,T.A.2013:Phylogenyofthetri-
logy34:524–532.
be Sciophilini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophili-
Seddon,J.M.,Santucci,F.,Reeve,N.&Hewitt,G.M.
nae). — Systematic Entomology 38: 407–427.
2002:CaucasusMountainsdividepostulatedpostgla-
doi:10.1111/syen.12002
cialcolonizationroutesinthewhite-breastedhedge-
Chandler,P.J.2013:FaunaEuropaea:Bolitophilidae,Ke-
hog,Erinaceusconcolor.—JournalofEvolutionary
roplatidae,Mycetophilidae.—In:PapeT.&Beuk,P.
Biology15:463–467.
(ed.),FaunaEuropaea,Diptera.FaunaEuropaeaver-
Søli,G.E.E.1997:TheadultmorphologyofMycetophili-
sion2.6.2.http://www.faunaeur.org.(accessed2Oc-
dae(s.str.),withatentativephylogenyofthefamily
tober,2017.)
(Diptera,Sciaroidea).—EntomologicaScandinavica
Coher,E.I.1995:Acontributiontothestudyofthegenus
Supplement50:5–55.
Anacliliea[Anaclileia](Diptera:Mycetophilidae).—
Søli,G.E.E.2017:20.Mycetophilidae(FungusGnats).—
EntomologicalNews106:257–262.
In:Kirk-Spriggs,A.H.&Sinclair,B.J.(eds),Manual
Hewitt,G.M.1999:Post-glacialre-colonizationofEuro-
ofAfrotropicalDiptera.Vol.2(Nematocera&Lower
peanbiota.—BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSo-
Brachycera):533–555.SANBIPublishing.920pp.
ciety68:87–112.
Søli,G.E.E.,Vockeroth,J.R.&Matile,L.2000:A.4.Fa-
Hippa,H.&Kurina,O.2012:Newspeciesandnewre-
milies of Sciaroidea. — In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B.
cordsofAfrotropicalManotaWilliston(Diptera,My-
(eds),ContributionstoaManualofPalaearcticDipte-
cetophilidae),withakeytothespecies.—Zootaxa
ra.Appendix:49–92.ScienceHerald,Budapest.604
3455:1–48.
pp.
Joost, W. & Plassmann, E. 1985: Pilzmücken aus dem
Kaukasus-Gebiet(UdSSR)(Insecta,Diptera,Myce- Šev(cid:1)ík,J.,Kasp(cid:2)ák,D.,Manti(cid:1),M.,Fitzgerald,S.,Šev(cid:1)í-
tophilidae).—FaunistischeAbhandlungen12:137– ková,T.,Tóthová,A.&Jaschhof,M.2016:Molecular
139. phylogenyofthemegadiverseinsectinfraorderBibio-
Jürgenstein,S.,Kurina,O.&Põldmaa,K.2015:TheMy- nomorpha sensu lato (Diptera). — PeerJ 4:e2563.
cetophilaruficollisMeigen(Diptera,Mycetophilidae) doi:10.7717/peerj.2563.
groupinEurope:elucidatingspeciesdelimitationwith Vockeroth,J.R.1966:Amethodofmountinginsectsfrom
COIandITS2sequencedata.—ZooKeys508:15–51. alcohol.—TheCanadianEntomologist98:69–70.
doi:10.3897/zookeys.508.9814 Williams,L.(ed.)2004:CaucasusBiodiversityHotspot.
Kjærandsen, J., Hedmark, K., Kurina, O., Polevoi, A., Briefing Book. Conservation International, 98 pp.
Økland,B.&Götmark,F.2007a:Annotatedchecklist http://www.cepf.net/Documents/final.caucasus.brie-
offungusgnatsfromSweden(Diptera:Bolitophilidae, fingbook.pdf.(accessed16October2017.)
Diadocidiidae,Ditomyiidae,KeroplatidaeandMyce- Zaitzev,A.I.1994:FungusgnatsofthefaunaofRussia
tophilidae).—InsectSystematics&Evolution.Supp- andadjacentregions.PartI.Nauka,Moscow,288pp.
lement65:1–128. [InRussian,withEnglishsummary.]
Kjærandsen, J., Kurina, O. & Ólafsson, E. 2007b: The Zaitzev,A.I.2003:Fungusgnats(Diptera,Sciaroidea)of
fungusgnatsofIceland(Diptera,Keroplatidae&My- thefaunaofRussiaandadjacentregions.PartII.—An
cetophilidae). — Insect Systematics & Evolution. InternationalJournalofDipterologicalResearch14:
Supplement64:61–96. 77–386.