i A New Narrative for Psychology ii Explorations in Narrative Psychology Mark Freeman Series Editor Books in the Series Speaking of Violence Sara Cobb Narrative Imagination and Everyday Life Molly Andrews Narratives of Positive Aging: Seaside Stories Amia Lieblich Beyond the Archive: Memory, Narrative, and the Autobiographical Process Jens Brockmeier The Narrative Complexity of Ordinary Life: Tales from the Coffee Shop William L. Randall Rethinking Thought: Inside the Minds of Creative Scientists and Artists Laura Otis Life and Narrative: The Risks and Responsibilities of Storying Experience Edited by Brian Schiff, Sylvie Patron, and A. Elizabeth McKim Not in My Family: German Memory and Responsibility After the Holocaust Roger Frie A New Narrative for Psychology Brian Schiff iii A New Narrative for Psychology Brian Schiff 1 vi 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Schiff, Brian, author. Title: A new narrative for psychology / Brian Schiff. Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2017] | Series: Explorations in narrative psychology | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2016056183 | ISBN 9780199332182 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Psychology—Research. | Narrative inquiry (Research method) Classification: LCC BF76.5.S295 2017 | DDC 150.72—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016056183 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v To Mathilde, Ella, Max, and Annabelle, for all your love and for our shared hopes for the future. vi iiv CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix PART I Introduction: What’s the Problem? 3 1. Out of Context 9 2. Out of the Head 23 PART II 3. Turning to Narrative 43 4. How Narrating Functions 71 5. Making It So 99 PART III 6. Interpreting Interpretations 131 7. Interpreting Ben’s Survival 159 8. Interpretation in Practice 177 9. Reasoned Interpretations 193 Conclusion: Unity in Psychology? 217 References 237 Index 253 viii xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although, in many ways, I have always been a psychologist, I have always had a feeling that the psychology that I studied was inadequate to get at the problems that really bothered me—a bout the mystery of my life and the puzzling lives of others. I know that many of us feel the same way. This book is primarily addressed to the next generation of psychologists, those interested in the discipline casually or as a career, who wish to know something more, or something more deeply, about persons and why we live the lives that we do, and to those who, optimistically and idealistically, want to understand others and begin the process of change and renewal that the discipline and this world so desperately need. I sincerely hope that this work will be the starting point in your reflections. I am infinitely indebted to my colleagues who read through various drafts of this manuscript and generously gave me their insights and critiques: Jens Brockmeier, Matti Hyvärinen, Jim Lamiell, Hanna Meretoja, Bill Randall, Brent Slife, Brett Smith, and the members of the Personological Society. But I would like to most especially thank my series editor and friend, Mark Freeman, who read through the entire manuscript and told me, frankly, how to make it better. Mark, I hope that I did the argument justice. I would like to acknowledge the support of the Cherrick Center for the Study of Zionism, the Yishuv and the State of Israel, and the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, who funded my research on Palestinian students at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem that is featured in this book. I want to thank the administration at the American University of Paris for believing in this project and believing in me— thank you, Celeste Schenk, Valerie Gille, Neil Gordon, and Scott Springer. I would also like to thank Abby Gross, Courtney McCarroll and the staff at Oxford University Press for your hard work and commitment to this book.