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Vestnik zoologii, 34(3): 63—65, 2000 © 2000 À. À. Ñïàññêèé ÓÄÊ 595.121 ÍÎÂÛÉ ÐÎÄ ÖÅÑÒÎÄ ÑÅÌÅÉÑÒÂÀ DAVAINEIDAE À. À. Ñïàññêèé Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÀÍ Ðåñïóáëèêè Ìîëäîâà, óë. Àêàäåìè÷åñêàÿ, 1, Êèøèíåâ, 277028 Ìîëäîâà Ïîëó÷åíî 12 èþëÿ 1999 Íîâûé ðîä öåñòîä ñåìåéñòâà Davaineidae. Ñïàññêèé À. À. – Äëÿ äàâåíåîèäåé äÿòëîâ, îáëàäàþùèõ ëèí- çîâèäíûì õîáîòêîì ñ äâóðÿäíîé êîðîíîé ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ìåëêèõ êðþ÷üåâ, õîðîøî ðàçâèòûì ïðî- áîñêóñîì, ïîâåðõíîñòü êîòîðîãî ïîêðûòà ìåëêèìè êóòèêóëÿðíûìè øèïèêàìè è êðóïíûìè ïðèñîñêà- ìè ñ êîëüöåâûì âàëèêîì, âîîðóæåííûì íåñêîëüêèìè ðÿäàìè øèïîâèäíûõ êðþ÷å÷êîâ óñòàíîâëåí ñà- ìîñòîÿòåëüíûé ðîä Kornyushetta, gen. n. ñ òèïîâûì âèäîì Raillietina sonini Spasskaja et Spassky, 1971. Ïðåäñòàâèòåëè íîâîãî ðîäà õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ îäíîñòîðîííèìè ïîëîâûìè îòâåðñòèÿìè, ðàçìåùåíèåì ãîíàä â ñðåäíåì ïîëå ÷ëåíèêà è ðàñïàäîì ìàòêè íà ìíîãîÿéöåâûå ïàðåíõèìàòîçíûå êàïñóëû. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ íîâîãî ðîäà òðåáóåò óòî÷íåíèÿ. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Cestoda, Davaineidae, íîâûé ðîä. A New Genus îf Cestoda of the Family Davaineidae. Spassky A. A. – A new genus Kornyushetta, gen. n. (type species: Raillietina sonini Spasskaja et Spassky, 1971) is established to include davaineids from woodpeckers that possess a lens-like rostellum with two-rowed crown of numerous small hooks, well developed proboscus with its surface comp;etely covered by small cuticular spines and large suckers with a ring-like ridge armed by several rows of spine-like hooklets. The new genus is characterised by unilateral genital opening, positioning of gonads in the medial field of proglottide and the uterus disintegrated into multiegg parenchymatous capsules. Species composition of the genus needs further reconsideration. Key words: Cestoda, Davaineidae, new genus. Ñðåäè ïåðåîïèñàííûõ Â. Â. Êîðíþøèíûì (1989) äàâåíåîèäíûõ öåïíåé äÿòëîîáðàçíûõ ïòèö Ñåâåðíî- ãî Ïðè÷åðíîìîðüÿ, çà÷èñëåííûõ â ñîñòàâ ñáîðíîãî ðîäà Raillietina Fuhrmann, 1920, âûÿâëÿåòñÿ ñâîåîáðàçíàÿ ãðóïïà ãåëüìèíòîâ, ÷åòêî îòëè÷àþùèõñÿ îò íàñòîÿùèõ ðàéåòèí íàëè÷èåì ñèëüíî ðàçâèòîãî ïñåâäîïðîáî- ñêóñà, íà êîòîðîì, êàê íà ïüåäåñòàëå, âîçâûøàåòñÿ øèðîêèé ëèíçîîáðàçíûé õîáîòîê, âîîðóæåííûé äâîé- íîé êîðîíîé ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ìåëêèõ êðþ÷üåâ äàâåíåèäíîãî òèïà. Ïîâåðõíîñòü ïñåâäîïðîáîñêóñà ïîçàäè õîáîòêà óñàæåíà ìíîãî÷èñëåííûìè îñòðûìè êóòèêóëÿðíûìè øèïèêàìè, íå çàõîäÿùèìè çà çàäíèé êðàé ýòîãî äîïîëíèòåëüíîãî ôèêñàòîðíîãî îðãàíà. Ýòèõ ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ ïàðàçèòîâ äÿòëîâ ìû âûäåëÿåì â ñàìî- ñòîÿòåëüíûé ðîä Kornyushetta, gen. n., êîòîðûé ïîñâÿùàåì Â. Â. Êîðíþøèíó, âíåñøåìó âåñîìûé âêëàä â öåñòîäîëîãèþ. Kornyushetta Spassky, gen. n. (ðèñ. 1) Òèïîâîé âèä: Raillietina sonini Spasskaja et Spassky, 1971 Äèàãíîç. Raillietininae ñðåäíèõ ðàçìåðîâ. Ïåðåäíèé êîíåö òåëà áóëàâîâèäíûé. Øèðîêèé ëèíçîâèäíûé õîáîòîê íåñåò äâîéíóþ êîðîíó ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ (ïîðÿäêà 200) ìåëêèõ (8—20 ìêì) ìîëîòêîâèäíûõ êðþ÷üåâ ñ äëèííûì êîðíåâûì îòðîñòêîì è ðóäèìåíòàðíîé ðóêîÿòêîé. Èìååòñÿ ýâåðòèëüíûé ïñåâäîïðîáîñêóñ, íà íåì ïîçàäè õî- áîòêà êîëüöåâàÿ çîíà ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ìåëêèõ êóòèêóëÿðíûõ øèïèêîâ. Ïðèñîñêè êðóïíûå, ñëåãêà âîãðóòûå ñ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûìè øèïîâèäíûìè êðþ÷üÿìè, ðàñïîëî- æåííûìè íà êîëüöåâîì âàëèêå â íåñêîëüêî ðÿäîâ. Çîíà êðþ÷üåâ ó çàäíåãî êðàÿ ïðè- ñîñîê íå ïðåðûâàåòñÿ. Íà äíå ïðèñîñîê è íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ñêîëåêñà êðþ÷üÿ è øèïèêè îòñóòñòâóþò. Äèàìåòð êîëüöåâîé çîíû êðþ÷üåâ íà õîáîòêå è íà ïðèñîñêàõ ïî÷òè îäè- 64 À. À. Ñïàññêèé Ðèñ. 1. Kornyushetta sonini: à – ñêîëåêñ; á – êðþ÷üÿ õîáîòêà; â – øèïèêè ïðèñîñîê; ã – êîïóëÿòèâíûé àïïà- ðàò; ä—å – ãåðìàôðîäèòíûå ÷ëåíèêè; æ – çðåëûé ÷ëåíèê (Êîðíþøèí, 1989). Fig. 1. Kornyushetta sonini: à – scolex; á – hooks of rostellum; â – spines of suckers; ã – copulatory apparatus; ä—å – hermaphrodite proglottides; æ – gravid proglottide. íàêîâ. Øåéêà óæå ñêîëåêñà. Ñòðîáèëà êðàñïåäîòíàÿ. Ïðîãëîòòèäû ìíîãî÷èñëåííû, ïîëîâîçðåëûå âûòÿíóòû â øèðèíó. Âåíòðàëüíûå ýêñêðåòîðíûå ñîñóäû ñ ïîïåðå÷íûì àíàñòîìîçîì â êàæäîì ÷ëåíèêå. Ïîëîâîé àïïàðàò îäèíàðíûé. Ïîëîâûå îòâåðñòèÿ îä- íîñòîðîííè. Ãîíàäû â ñðåäíåì ïîëå. Ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ñåìåííèêè ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ ïî áîêàì è ïîçàäè ìíîãîëîïàñòíîãî âååðîâèäíîãî ÿè÷íèêà. Ïîëîâîé àòðèóì íåáîëüøîé, íåâîîðóæåííûé. Áóðñà öèððóñà ìàëåíüêàÿ, ãðóøåâèäíàÿ, íå äîñòèãàåò ëèíèè ïîðàëü- íîãî ñîñóäà. Öèððóñ êîðîòêèé, ñëàáûé. Ñåìåííûå ïóçûðüêè îòñóòñòâóþò. Äîâîëüíî ïëîòíàÿ ñïèðàëü ïåòåëü ñåìåïðîâîäà ïåðåñåêàåò ïîðàëüíûå ñîñóäû. Æåíñêèå ãîíàäû çàëåãàþò â öåíòðå ÷ëåíèêà. Ãðóøåâèäíûå äîëüêè ÿè÷íèêà êîðîòêèå, ÷àñòî âòîðè÷íî ðàçâåòâëåííûå. Êîïóëÿòèâíàÿ ÷àñòü âàãèíû òîëñòîñòåííàÿ è êîðîòêàÿ, îáû÷íî íå äëèííåå áóðñû öèððóñà, ÷åòêî îòãðàíè÷åíà îò òîíêîñòåííîé ïðîâîäÿùåé ÷àñòè, îáðà- Íîâûé ðîä öåñòîä ñåìåéñòâà Davaineidae … 65 çóþùåé âáëèçè ïîðàëüíîãî êðàÿ ÿè÷íèêà âåðåòåíîâèäíîå ðàñøèðåíèå, à âîçëå îâè- äóêòà – íåáîëüøîé ñôåðè÷åñêèé ñåìåïðèåìíèê. Ìàòêà ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ ó ÿéöåâîäà âåí- òðàëüíî îò ñîçðåâàþùåãî ÿè÷íèêà, äàåò âåòâÿùèåñÿ ïîëûå îòðîñòêè, êîòîðûå ïðîíè- çûâàþò çîíó ìåäóëëÿðíîé ïàðåíõèìû è çàïîëíÿþòñÿ ìîëîäûìè ýìáðèîíàìè. Èõ ñòåíêà áûñòðî ðàçðóøàåòñÿ, ðàçâèâàþùèåñÿ ÿéöà ñâîáîäíî ðàçìåùàþòñÿ â ïàðåíõèìå. Íåáîëüøèå ãðóïïû ÿèö îáëåêàþòñÿ ïàðåíõèìàòîçíûìè ìíîãîñëîéíûìè êàïñóëàìè. Ê êîíöó îíòîãåíåçà ïðîãëîòòèä èõ ñòåíêè ðàçðóøàþòñÿ. Ïîëîâîçðåëûå – îáëèãàòíûå ïàðàçèòû äÿòëîîáðàçíûõ. Â ñîñòàâ ðîäà âõîäÿò: Kornyushetta sonini (Spasskaya et Spassky, 1971) comb. n., syn.: Raillietina sonini Spasskaya et Spassky, 1971 îò äÿòëîâ Dendrocopus major, D. medius, Dryocopus matrius è äð. Ïàëåàðêòèêè. Kornyushetta frontina (Dujardin, 1845) comb. n., syn.: Taenia frontina Dujardin, 1845, Davainea frontina (Dujardin, 1845) Blanchard, 1891, Raillietina frontina (Dujardin, 1845) Fuhrmann, 1932 îò Picucus viridis Ôðàíöèè. Raillietina moldavica Schumilo, 1974 îò Picucus viridis Ìîëäîâû è Óêðàèíû. Raillietina sp. Kornyu- shin, 1989 îò Dendrocopus major Æèòîìèðñêîé îáë. Óêðàèíû. Îò Raillietina íîâûé ðîä îòëè÷àåòñÿ äâóðÿäíûì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì õîáîòêîâûõ êðþ÷üåâ, íàëè÷èåì ýâåðòèëüíîãî ïñåâäîïðîáîñêóñà, âîîðóæåííîãî êóòèêóëÿðíûìè øèïèêàìè, è îáèòàíèåì ó ïòèö äðóãîãî îòðÿäà. Íåñîìíåííî, ñïèñîê âèäîâ êîðíþ- øåòò, êðóã äåôèíèòèâíûõ õîçÿåâ è àðåàë ðîäà çíà÷èòåëüíî øèðå. Âûäåëåíèå íîâîãî ðîäà òðåáóåò ïåðåñìîòðà ðîäîâîé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè è äðóãèõ äàâåíåèä äÿòëîâ, îòíåñåí- íûõ ê ðîäó Raillietina, è íåêîòîðûì äðóãèì ðîäàì ýòîãî ñåìåéñòâà. Êîðíþøèí Â. Â. Äàâåíåîèäåè. Áèóòåðèíîèäåè. Ïàðóòåðèíîèäåè // Ìîíîãåíåè è öåñòîäû. – Êèåâ : Íàóê. äóìêà, 1989. – 252 ñ. – (Ôàóíà Óêðàèíû; Ò. 33. Âûï. 3).