A new genus and species of Cataegidae (Gastropoda: Seguenzioidea) from eastern Pacific Ocean methane seeps

2016·4.9 MB·English

by  Anders Waren

A. WARÉN & G. W. ROUSE Novapex 17(4): 59-66, 10 décembre 2016
A new genus and species of Cataegidae (Gastropoda: Seguenzioidea)
from eastern Pacific Océan methane seeps
Anders WARÉN
Swedish Muséum of Natural History MCZ
Box 50007
LIBRARY
SE-10405 Stockholm
Sweden JAN 0 9 2017
anders. waren @ nrm. se
HARVARD
Greg W. ROUSE
UNIVERSITY
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, CA, 92093
USA
[email protected]
KEYWORDS. Seguenzioidea, Cataegidae, methane seep, Costa Rica, new genus, new species,
deep-sea
ABSTRACT. A new genus, Kanoia, n. gen., is erected for an unnamed seguenzioid gastropod
species, now known from several methane seeps off California, in Gulf of California and off Costa
Rica, and named Kanoia myronfeinbergi n. sp. It differs from K. meroglypta (n. comb.) a
Caribbean species, mainly in having fewer spiral ridges on the shell, a lower spire and more
distinct crenulation on the apical spiral cords.
INTRODUCTION exploration of deep-sea methane cold seeps off the
Central and North American west coasts, with the aid
During the last few décades there has been an of manned submersibles or remotely controlled
explosive development in two fields which are of vehicles (ROVs). Ail specimens used for this paper
concern for this paper. One is the interest in the fauna are listed in Table 1. Some material used for
in various kinds of springs in the deep-sea with water comparison has been collected during the last décades
containing energy-rich compounds (hydrothermal of French exploration of the bathyal fauna in the
vents and methane seeps) and “food-falls” of ail kinds, South Pacific, led by Bertrand Richer de Forges (then
from whales to squid jaws and Casuarina cônes. at IRD, New Caledonia) and Philippe Bouchet
Sasaki et al. (2010) reviewed the gastropods in hot (MNHN) (Bouchet et al. 2008). The origin of each
vents and cold seeps; the food-fall gastropod sample is mentioned in the list of specimens. The
information is more dispersed, but Marshall (1986, specimens were fixed in formalin and transferred to
1988) and Warén (2011) give some introduction to the 80% éthanol or directly preserved in 95% éthanol for
gastropods associated with food-falls. The second genetic work. Radular préparations and critical point
fïeld is the application of molecular methods to drying were performed as outlined by Geiger et al.
gastropod, especially vetigastropod classification, (2007). The specimens are deposited in SMNH,
which as a conséquence has changed drastically. MNHN, MNCR and SIO.
Information on this can be found in Aktipis & Giribet
(2012), Bouchet et al (2005), Kano (2008), Kano et al. Abbreviations
(2009) and Williams (2012). Of spécial interest for
this paper is that a large number of généra now are IRD: Institut de recherche pour le développement,
considered to belong to Seguenzioidea, not only Nouméa, New Caledonia
among the skeneimorph species, but also among more MNCR: Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, San José
normal-looking “trochoids”. MNHN: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris
ROV: remotely operated vehicle
MATERIAL and METHODS SIO-BIC: Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
Benthic Invertebrate Collection, La Jolla, CA
The specimens used for this paper hâve been collected SMNH: Swedish Muséum of Natural History,
in connection with different projects for the Stockholm
59
A. WARÉN & G. W. ROUSE A new genus and species of Cataegidae
SYSTEMATICS Operculum corneous, multispiral with central nucléus,
slightly concave, with short incrémental zone. Radula
Family CATAEGIDAE McLean & Quinn, 1987 n-4 - 1 - 4-n, long and slender with small and
plesiomorphic teeth. Jaws sturdy, almost round with
Remarks. This little known family was introduced as well-developed prismatic éléments. Soft parts, see
Cataeginae, a subfamily of Trochidae, by McLean & species description.
Quinn (1987). Hickman & McLean (1990) recognized
the affinities of Chilidontini and Calliotropini to Remarks. Species of Cataegidae may resemble a
Cataeginae but ail were at that time considered Homalopoma (Colloniidae) or Hybochelus
trochids. Bouchet et al. (2005) classified the (Chilodontidae). Homalopoma can easily be separated
Cataeginae in Chilodontidae (Seguenzioidea). Kano by having a calcareous operculum and lacking the
(2008), Kano et. al (2009) and Aktipis & Giribet distinctly spiny spiral ridges of most Cataeginae.
(2012) supported a position within the Seguenzioidea Hybochelus has distinct axial riblets between the
on molecular evidence, Kano et al. (2009) as a family spiral cords and lives in shallow water.
and one of the six main groups of the Seguenzioidea. It seems that no specimen of Kanoia has been found
When introduced, the subfamily Cataeginae consisted as fossil from the West American Cenozoic seep
of one genus with three species: sédiments that hâve been pretty well explored by Kiel
-Cataegis toreuta McLean & Quinn, 1987 and co-workers ( Kiel 2010; Kiel & Little 2006), in
(September) = Homalopoma finkli Petuch, 1987 spite of being a large and conspicuous shell.
(April) off Pensacola, FL to Colombia, 337 - 1283 m
depth. On sunken turtle grass. Kanoia myronfeinbergi n. sp.
- Cataegis celebesensis McLean & Quinn, 1987, Figs 1C-E, G, 2B-K
Celebes, Makassar Strait, 1080 m.
- Cataegis meroglypta McLean & Quinn, 1987, south Type material. Flolotype (Figure 1C-E, G) in SIO-
of Mississppi River delta, Louisiana, and off BIC Ml4400 (ex SMNH 109257); 3 specimens
Colombia, 421-858 m depth; recorded from seeps by MNCR (numbers not available) (ex SMNH 108742);
Warén & Bouchet (1993, 2001). 5 specimens SMNH type collection #8824, 8825
A fourth species, C. leucogranulatus (Fu & Sun, (from SMNH 109261 & 109257, see table 1).
2006) (South China Sea), was described as
Hybochelus leucogranulatus in Trochidae and Type locality. Off Costa Rica, off Puntarenas,
transferred to Cataegis by Warén (2011), who found it Methane seep Mound 12 methane seep, 08°55.84’N,
regularly on sunken drift-wood. It differs from C. 084°18.74’W, 1000-1018 m depth, Alvin dive#4587,
celebesensis by having more distinct spines on the on a wooden test panel, deployed for colonization
spiral ribs. experiments.
Warén & Bouchet (1993) described the radula of C.
meroglypta, which was found to differ profoundly Distribution. Known living from hydrocarbon seeps
from the type species, Cataegis toreuta, and suggested at the American west coast in 745 to 1800 m depth,
that that could be a resuit of a life in a seep from San Diego CA, to Costa Rica.
environment and presumably a different diet
compared to C. toreuta which had been found to feed Material examined. See Table 1.
on dead and sunken turtle grass (Thalassia
testudinum). The finding of a second species on the Etymology. Named in honor of Myron Feinberg
western side of the isthmus, living in seep (1918 - 2009, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.) in récognition
environments, morphologically similar to C. of the support by Joyce Feinberg and David K. Foot
meroglyta and with the same radular morphology, for the SIO-BIC.
motivâtes a séparation of this group from seeps, as a
new genus, Kanoia, n.gen. Diagnosis and Description. Shell (Figure 1 C-E, G)
large, helicoid, depressed globular with a few
Genus Kanoia n. gen. prominent spiral ridges. No umbilicus. Protoconch
(Figure 2C) with 3A of a whorl, diameter ca 280 [im,
Type species: Kanoia myronfeinbergi n. sp. with an almost smooth surface and an unusually
loosely or openly coiled initial part. Teleconch whorls,
Etymology. Named after Professor Yasunori Kano, ca 4.5 in number, slightly convex; initial 1.5 whorl
University of Tokyo, who has meant so much for our (Figure 2 B), micro-sculptured with short spiral and
understanding of vetigastropod phylogeny during the tangential riblets (similar to many species in most
last decade and a half. vetigastropod families) on a more or less smooth
background. After 1.0 whorl also smooth axial riblets
Diagnosis. Shell large, helicoid, depressed globular appear, at the same time as the irregular
with a few prominent spiral ridges. No umbilicus. microsculpture becomes less distinct. After ca 1.5
Periostracum well developed, greenish brownish. whorls the micro sculpture is completely replaced by
60
A. WARÉN & G. W. ROUSE Novapex 17(4): 59-66, 10 décembre 2016
fine and regular incrémental wrinkles and a single by the nacreous pariétal glaze. Peristome strongly
strong spiral keel appears which becomes the indented by the interspace between the spiral ribs.
peripheral keel in adult specimens. The two apical Periostracum greenish, often damaged, usually
keels start later as a sériés of knobs. Adult specimens resulting in strong damage of the underlying strongly
hâve one additional suturai keel and six to eight nacreous layer. Maximum diameter ca 16 mm (25
additional spirals on the quite fiat basal area. mm, smoother form).
Umbilical chink small and narrow, mostly concealed
Figure 1
A-G. Kanoia myronfeinbergi n. sp.
A-B. Kanoia aff. myronfeinbergi, large, smooth specimen, 0 22 mm, SMNH 108680; C-E. K. myronfeinbergi n.
sp., holotype, diameter 15.5 mm. SIO-BIC Ml4400.
F. Numerous specimens of K. myronfeinbergi on a calcareous rock at the type locality methane seep (Mound 12)
off Costa Rica. The surface is being suction sampled by the submersible Alvin; G. K. myronfeinbergi n. sp., SIO-
BIC M13152, diameter ~ 15 mm.
Operculum (Figure 2D), round, multispiral, brownish long as wide, 5 mm long in a normal adult specimen.
transparent, fragile, with central nucléus, almost Rachidian and three latéral teeth of similar shape and
filling the peristome. size, with interlocking bases and elongate, almost
Radula (Figures 2E-F), oo - 4 - 1 - 4 — oo, 6 times as smooth apical cusp, fourth latéral tooth with distinctly
oblique, laterally serrated apical cusp. Marginal teeth
61
A. WARÉN & G. W. ROUSE A new genus and species of Cataegidae
thin, inner ones apically hand-like with latéral rake- single very young, almost smooth specimen (Figure
like denticles; more laterally they are taller and form a 2A) which may be a young one of a second possible
transition to the very thin, oar-like outermost ones. species, but that’s uncertain.
Jaw, sturdily built with prismatic éléments. This possibility is also supported by the molecular
Soft parts (Figures IG, 2G-K) light beige to light analysis of specimens in Rouse et al. (in prep.), though
blueish depending on illumination, more or less the molecular distance based on cytochrome oxidase
unpigmented; unpigmented pit eyes présent in eye- subunit I is only ~4% and we consider further
lobe. Live animal slow and sluggish. Cephalic and assessment to be needed.
epipodial tentacles covered by sensory papillae. Head The protoconch is large, 0 -280 pm, and supports the
large with well-defined oral dise, a pair of slowly normal lecithotrophic development of vetigastropods,
tapering cephalic tentacles and almost smooth eye- usually with a planktonic dispersai phase. Its
lobe; cephalic lappets missing. Foot large and fiat with morphology is unusual, with a very small initial part
well-developed propodium and smooth, demarcated and “loose” coiling. It seems not to be caused by
margin. Epipodial membrane conspicuous; each side dissolution of the initial shell of the larva, since the
with at least a dozen epipodial tentacles, each with a larval peristome is quite sharp and well defined.
dorsal-basal epipodial sense organ. Anterior left part The gut contains sédiment with many tests and
of fold expanded and flattened, more densely set with fragments of radiolariae and scattered nematodes. The
epipodial tentacles. Anterior right part of fold almost snail is evidently ingesting bacterial film and sédiment
hand-like with half a dozen epipodial tentacles, deposited on the hard surfaces where it is usually
starting with a smooth tentacle of size comparable to found. We did not hâve material enough well
the epipodial ones; function unknown. Palliai margin preserved to check for sexual différences and look for
smooth, only wrinkled by contraction. Gill of normal a copulatory organ as described by Kano (2008).
size, bipectinate with sensory bursicles.
Acknowledgements
Remarks. The specimens were found on rocks, shell
débris and wood, both natural sédiments and test We thank the science parties, captains and crew
samples at sites with active hydrocarbon seeps. Direct members of the RW Atlantis, and R/V Western Flyer
observation showed that the species is capable of as well as the pilots of Alvin and Doc Ricketts. We
crawling on almost fluid mud also (SMNH 108680). thank R. Vrijenhoek (MBARI) for inviting GWR to
The Costa Rica environment was described by Levin Guaymas, and to the Del Mar Seep. AW thanks H.
et al. (2015), that of the Del Mar seep (California, Sahling (Marum) for specimens from RW Sonne
USA) in Grupe et al. (2015) and the Guaymas Basin cruises 143 and 148 (1999); K. Olu (IFREMER) and
(Mexico) sites in Portail et al. (2015) Some specimens E. Escobar (UNAM) and her students are thanked for
hâve numerous specimens of Eufolliculina sp. (a specimens, records and pictures of specimens from the
heterotrich ciliate) attached to the shell (Pasulka et al. BIG cruise (IFREMER) in the Gulf of California in
in review), a good indication of water rich in bacteria 2010. AW also thanks R Bouchet (MNHN) for
(Kouris et al. 2007). opportunities to study the gastropods on food-falls,
It is possible that two species are involved. One during many cruises in the south Pacific. Support for
(Figure 1A-B) with less distinct sculpture, more this research was provided by grants OCE 0826254
similar to Kanoia meroglypta from the Caribbean side and OCE 0939557 from the US National Science
and one with more pronounced and spiny spiral cords, Foundation (NSF). Work aboard the RW Western
but our material was insufficient for a detailed Flyer was partially supported by the David and Lucile
approach, due to the usually bad corrosion of apical Packard Foundation’s funding of MBARI. We also
whorls in specimens larger than a few mm. The name thank Joyce Feinberg and David K. Foot for Financial
is based on the spiny type (Figure 1C-E). We found a support to the Benthic Invertebrate collection at SIO.
Figure 2
A. Kanoia aff. myronfeinbergi, young specimen, SMNH 110565, diameter 1.7 mm.
B-K. Kanoia myronfeinbergi n. sp. Scale Unes in pm unless indicated.
B-C. Young specimen and larval shell, SMNH 110565, diameter 1.7 mm and 0.28 mm; D. Operculum, SMNH
82450, 05.3 mm; E-F. Radula. Scale lines 100 and 50 pm. numbers indicate the order of the latéral teeth;
rachidian counted as “0”. SMNH 82021; G-H. Head-foot, left and right side SMNH 108356; I. Epipodial
tentacle and sense organ, SMNH 108356; J. Detail of left side of neck with cephalic tentacle, eye lobe and
anterios part of epipodium, SMNH 108356; K. Detail of right side of neck with cephalic tentacle, eye-lobe, and
epipodium, SMNH 108356: CT - cephalic tentacle, EL - eye-lobe, ESO - epipodial sense organ, ET - epipodial
tentacle, F - foot, FE - edge of foot, OP - operculum, PE - pit eye (unpigmented), PP - propodium, TE -
epipodial appendage of unknown function.
62
A. WARÉN & G. W. ROUSE NOVAPEX 17(4): 59-66, 10 décembre 2016
63
A. WARÉN & G. W. ROUSE A new genus and species of Cataegidae
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65
A. WARÉN & G. W. ROUSE A new genus and species of Ccitciegidae
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66