A new genus and first record of Chrysomelinae from New Caledonia (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2004·2.4 MB·English

ANEW GENUS AND FIRSTRECORD OF CHRYSOMELINAE FROMNEW
CALEDONIA(COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
C.A.M. REIDANDK.L SMITH
Reid,C.A.M.&Smith,K.1.20040630:AnewgenusandfirstrecordofChrysomelinaefrom
NewCaledonia(Coieoptera: Chrysomelidae).Memoirs oftheQueenslandMuseum 49(2):
705-711. Brisbane. ISSN0079-8835.
ZiranewgenusisdescribedfromNewCaledonia,forZiranitenssp.nov. Zirabelongsinthe
PhyllocharitiniandisthefirstmemberofthesubfamilyChrysomelinaetoberecordedfrom
NewCaledonia.Thethirdinstarlarvaisdescribed. NewCaledonia, Chrysomelidae, new
genus, Coieoptera.
C.A.M. Reid(e-mail: [email protected]) andK1. Smith, CentreforBiodiversityand
ConservationResearch, AustralianMuseum, 6CollegeStreet, Sydney20W,Australia; 21
January2004.
The Chrysomelinae is one ofthe largest sub- (AMS),NaturalHistoryMuseum, Paris(MHNP),
familiesofthelargebeetlefamilyChrysomelidae. Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QMB).
It is diverse in the Southern Hemisphere on
fragments of the former continental landmass Zira gen. nov.
Gondwana,buthasnotbeenrecordedfromNew TYPESPECIES.Ziranitenssp.nov.
Caledonia(Daccordi, 1994), which is one ofthe ETYMOLOGY From the extinct New Caledonian
smaller rafted fragments of that continent languageZiraorZire(arbitrarilydesignatedfeminine)(see
(Kroenke. 1996). www.ethnologue.coni/show_country.asp?name=New+
A Caledonia).
recent collecting trip by the staff of the
QueenslandMuseumtoNewCaledoniadiscovered DESCRIPTION. Adult. Head (Figs IB, 2A).
a large species of Chrysomelinae high on the Medianpartoffronsandclypeusalmostflat,with
island’s second highest mountain massif. This ffontoclypealsuturefeeblyandevenlydepressed
discoveryraisesthenumberofsubfamiliesinthe andwithoutgrooveorridgefromantennalbaseto
New Caledonia island group to 9, 1 introduced eye;eyenarrow,withoutemargination,placedon
(Bruchinae: Delobel et al., 2003) and 8 native: middleoflateralswellingofhead,shortposterior
Cassidinae (Gressitt, 1960; Borowiec, 1999), part ofswelling (temple) contracted to parallel-
Chrysomelinae, Criocerinae (Monros, I960), sided neck; antenna situated on anterior margin
Cryptocephalinae (Fauvel, 1907), Eumolpinae ofhead, lower margin ofhead without ridge or
(Lefevre, 1885), Galerucinae (Samuelson, groove between eye and mouth for retention of
1973), Lamprosomatinae (Monros, 1956), antenna; clypeus strongly transverse with
Spilopyrinae (Reid, 2000). The new taxon triangular basal margin; all antennal segments
belongstothetribePhyllocharitini,whichisalso elongate, of similar length and width; labrum
the only tribe ofChrysomelinae found in New denselysetoseanteriorly,with 6-9pairsofsetae;
Zealand,^%Aphilon Sharp,placedwithPhaedon mandible with 2 apical teeth and thick but soft
vonMuelfeldinthetribeChrysomelini(Daccordi, membranous pad near middle ofinner margin;
1994),isasmallphyllocharitine(Reid, 1995a,b). last2segmentsofmaxillarypalpiequal inlength,
Members of the tribe Phyllocharitini occur apical elongate or quadrate but inner margin
mainly in the Southern Hemisphere and are slightly shorter than outer, with truncate apex
extremelydiverse insize, shape and life-history, (slightly broader in male), penultimate segment
but the New Caledonian specimens do not almost triangular, first segment not grooved to
conformwithanyknowngenusandaretherefore receive apical segment; mentum strongly
described as new. transverse, curved, with concave apical margin.
Thorax (Figs 1-2). Pronotum with single large
In the following descriptions, larval sclerites setainapit(trichobothrium)ontheraisedmargin
are identified according to the nomenclatural of each angle, anterior angles rounded, hind
system devised by Kimoto (1962), as used for angles slightly produced as lateral triangular
Phyllocharitini by Reid (1991). Specimens are teeth; pronotum transverse, broadest at base,
deposited in: Australian Museum, Sydney sides evenly contracted to apex, anterior margin
. .
706 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
swelling one third from base;
median portion of mesoventrite
covered by prostemal process,
exceptconcaveapexoftransverse
lobe; wings reduced to oar-
shaped unfolded strips almost as
long as elytra, with single large
vein; metaventrite with simple
narrowly ridged margins;
metendostemite with extremely
short basal stalk and thin lateral
arms;tibiaewithoutridgesonex-
ternal faces; firsttarsal segments
of male each with patch of
spatulate setae, of female with
simple setae and without
glabrous midline; third tarsal
segment not bilobed, apex
truncate or shallowly concave;
FIwiGngs1.);ZiBr,alantietreanls. Reid & Smith, adult 6 A, dorsal Aclbadwosmaepnpen(dFiicgusla3t-e4.). Pygidium
smooth, without median groove;
sides of each ventrite bordered,
mstarrognignlysaonfdepvreonnloytcuomncabvoer;delrateedr;alhanydpoanmteerrioonr marginationconvex;ventritesI-IIfused;ventrite
without grooves or excavations; prosternum nIawrirtohwbbraosaadl,botrrduencra;tev,entirnitteercVoxaelvepnrloycecsosnvaenx,d
almost flat, without lateral ridges, process
mediallydepressed and expanded atapex, about with simple medially convex (male) or truncate
as broad as long; procoxal cavities open, (female)apex;tergiteVIIIwithdistinctspiracles;
hypomeral lobe short, slightly less than half stemite IX ofmale reduced to 2 separate struts;
width ofprocoxa; elytral humeri absent, elytra tegmen short and V-shaped, junction of arms
smoothly convex except shallow oblique basal weaklysclerotised;peniselongate,evenlycurved
groovetowardslateralmargin;epipleuronbroad, in profile, smooth-walled, with small basal
at base twice width of metepistemum, entirely foramenandthinflagellumwhichprotrudesfrom
visible from sides, sloped at 045” from vertical, apex ofpenis in repose and includes two basal
gradually attenuated to apex, without setae; valvular structures within the endophallus;
anterior elytral wingbinding patch on oval ovipositor with well-developed tergite VIII and
FIG. 2.ZiranitensReid& Smith, adult S A, head; B, venterofthorax.
.
NEW GENUS OF CHRYSOMELINAE 707
reaching antennal cavities; 3-segmented
antennae not set on prominent angular lobes;
labmm deeply emarginate; mandibles palmate,
third tooth largest, without prostheca; all body
segments with well-defined sclerites, identified
as follows: prothorax: D-DL-EP, trochantin, P,
ES fused across midline, SS; mesolhorax: Da
(tuberculate), Dpi (tuberculate), Dpe (poorly
differentiated from Dpi), DLai, DLpi, spiracle,
DLc, EPa(with largeprotmding tubercle), EPP,
trochantin,P, ES, SS; metathoraxasmesothorax
but without spiracle; abdomen: segments I-VI:
Da(with largedorsallyprominenttubercle), Dpi
(with small tubercle), Dpe, DLai, DLae, DLp
(large and folded), spiracle, EP (massive and
posterolaterallyprotuberant),P,ES,SS;segment
VII: all sclerites fused above laterally placed
spiracles, except DLai and DLae; segment VIII:
all sclerites fused above laterally placed
spiracles; segment IX: spiracles absent, dorsal
and lateral sclerites fused forming a thick single
plate, with setae on tubercles, enclosing venter
and segment X; all spiracles annular; paired
pseudopoda, ovoid in ventral view, with setose
anteriormargins, on stemites V-VIII; tarsunguli
simple,withoutbasaltoothorangularprojection.
Egg. Unknown, but maturing eggs in the
ovarioles were smooth andrelatively large.
Biology. Host unknown, plant fragments in guts
ofadults and larvanot identifiable. Oviparous.
Zira nitens sp. nov.
FIG3.ZiranitensReid&Smith,adult6 A,aedeagus, (Figs 1-6)
lateral view, showing flagellum in relaxed position;
ETYMOLOGY.
B,apexofpenis,dorsalview;C,tegmenandbaseof Latin/aVeo,shine; fortheshiningdorsal
penis,ventral view. surface.
MATERIAL (all New Caledonia). HOLOTYPE: 6 Mt
stemiteVIII(butwithoutbasalspiculum),simple Humboldt,reftige, 2U53'S 166°25’E, handcoll. 1350m,
quadrate stemite IX, pair of elongate two- 5-8.xi.2002,Burwell,Monteith&Wright,11136(MHNP);
segmented palpi, pair of well-developed PARATYPES(9): 1^,29, 1 lateinstarlarva(inethanol),
paraprocts partly enclosing basal half of palpi samedataasholotype(QMB);2<3,2 $,samedataexcept:
andpairofirregularstrip-likeproctigersdorsalto night collecting, 11131 (AMS, QMB); 1 9, Mt Ouin,
these; spermatheca irregularly shaped, with 22°0LS 166°28’E,beating, 1100m, 9.xi.2002, S. Wright
(QMB).
well-developed basal bulb between gland and
duct, latter loosely coiled, of uniform width, DESCRIPTION.Sizeandshape. Length: males,
partlyinvaginatedintobasal bulb. 9.5-lOmm, females, 10-11.5mm; lengthtowidth
Pupa. The pupaofZira isunknown. ratio 1.6; length to height ratio: 2.6-2.7. Body
Larva (Figs 5-6). Number of larval instars ovoidin dorsalview, sidesalmostevenlycurved
unknown. Diagnostic description of late instar from head to elytral apex; dorsum strongly
larva: body form elongate, without dorsal or convex in lateral view, but pronotum and elytra
lateraleversibleglands;allsetaeshort(muchless separately so, and venter convex with meta-
than than halfdepth ofhead), head setae acute, ventritemostprominent.
most dorsal and lateral body setae slightly Colour. Entirely dark metallic greenish-black,
clubbed; head circular, surface smooth, not antennae, tarsi and margins ofelytra sometimes
microsculptured; frontal sutures attenuated, not bluish-purplish, labrum sometimes reddish-
708 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
brown, postclypeal membrane
and apices of maxillary palpi
yellowish-brown.
Surface sculpture. Pubescence;
dorsal surfaces largely glabrous,
with >6 pairs of setae on apical
halfoflabrum, 2 pairs at apex of ?PR
clypeus, 1-2minutetrichobothrial
setae near inner margin of eye,
trichobothrialsetaeateachcomer
of pronotum; setae increasingly
denseonantennalsegments,from
sparse on first to dense on
seventh, and uniformly dense on
8-11; venter sparsely setose,
except hypomeron, sides of
prosternum and metaventrite
glabrous; tibiae with densely
setose apices in both sexes; male
with small ovoid patch of
spatulate setae in middle ofeach
first tarsomere; puncturation:
upper surfaces with small, but
variably sized, sparse punctures,
absent from scutellum, usually
inconspicuous or absent on elytra, usually strongly convex laterally and dorsally, greatest
stronger and denser on pronotum; a few much heightonethirdfrom base.
largerpuncturesatinnermarginofeye, scattered Genitalia. Penis cylindrical, apex elongate
alonghindmarginofpronotum,adjacenttoupper triangular in dorsal view (one specimen slightly
margin of epipleuron and occasionally else- assymetric, deformedthrough injury?), thin and
where; lower surfaces similar to upper but almost straight in lateral view, apical foramen
withoutscatteredlargepuncturesandabdominal elongate, with two elongate sclerites and thin
ventrites often mgose, with obscured punctures; flagellumemergingfromendophallus;flagellum
microsculpture: dorsal surfacesgenerallysmooth, continuous through length of penis, with two
shining and without microsculpture, scutellum basal lightly sclerotised and strongly flexed
microreticulate,elytramaybefaintlywrinkledor swellings; spermatheca with c-shaped apex and
evenmicrotuberculateatapices;ventral surfaces strong constriction between insertion points of
of thorax usually smooth, of ventrites usually gland and spermathecal duct, latter projecting
finelymicroreticulate and often finelyrugose. slightly into basal bulb and short with only 2-3
coils.
Head. Inner margin of eye with small oval
depression and/or short groove; eye narrow, Lai'va. Late (third?) instar: length 10mm; head
without canthus, depth in lateral view 2.5-3x width 2mm; colour: head capsule, legs and all
length; antenna about halfbody length, inserted major dorsal and lateral sclerites dark, venter
on apical margin of head; second antennal pale; centres ofanteriortubercles on Dapale on
segment shortest, first ovoid and 6-11 slightly abdominal segments VI and Vll; abdominal
moreexpandedthan2-5. sclerite EP more protruding, more setose and
increasinglypaler(fromentirelydarkonsegment
Thorax. Pronotum transverse, width 2-2.5 x I to entirely pale on VIII) from base to apex of
length, broadest at base, sides evenly curved abdomen,scleritePpaleon abdomen;setaepale;
towards apex; basal margin shallowly convex, larger setae all head setae acute, not on
;
apical strongly concave; anterior and sides tubercles, longest <0.2 head depth, vertex with
stronglymargined,basenotorfeeblyso;pronotal single row of 5 near midline, and 7 around
surface smooth or with shallow irregular stemmata, frons with pair at base and 4 pairs at
impressions near lateral margins; scutellum apical margin, clypeus with 4 pairs; pronotal
triangular, base slightly longerthan sides; elytra shield with anterior row of clO short clubbed
NEW GENUS OF CHRYSOMELINAE 709
A
FIG. 6.ZiranitensReid& Smith, late-instarlarva. A,
head anterior; B, left mandible, internal view; C,
maxillaryandlabialpalpi.
Mt Humboldt. This is the second highest
mountain on the island and dominates the
southernportionofthemountainchain about40
kmnorthofthecapital,Noumea.MtHumboldtis
a major relictual focus ofthe island with many
plantsendemictoitssummitzone(Lowry, 1998).
OneadditionalZiraspecimencamefrom 00m
1,1
just below the summit ofMt Ouin, which is an
outlier ofthe Humboldt massifand 15km to its
south. The Humboldt specimens w'ere all
FIG 5.ZiranitensReid& Smith, late-instarlarva. A, collected on the groundwhile headlight collect-
lateral, with metathorax, abdominal segments I-II ing at night in an area ofstunted montane heath
andIV-Vl omitted. traversedbyapathfromtheFlumboldthelipadto
the“ForetdesMousses”(Fig.7).Vegetationwas
setae and several similarscatteredbehind; other uptoametreinheightandincludedDracophyllum
dorsal and lateral thoracic and abdominal (Epacridaceae), pygmy bamboo {Greslania,
scleriteswithshortclubbed setae(asillustrated), Poaceae), Gahnia (Cyperaceae) and ferns
the longest in a cluster at the apex of the interspersed with patches ofbare, gravelly soil.
protruding lateral EP sclerite, setae longer and No plant association for the beetles was noted.
mostlyacuteonsegmentsVIII&IX;stemmatain Twootherflightlessblackbeetles,ofsimilarsize
4+2 formation; legsetaeacute, longeston dorsal to Zira niten—s, were active on the ground at the
partoftibiotarsus(aslongasthissegment);third same time one a eumolpine chrysomelid
segmentofantennaslightly elongate, sensorium (Taophila Heller) and the other an unidentified
atapexofsecondsegmentalmostflat;tarsungulus melolonthine scarab. The single Mt Ouin
short, length half width, and strongly hooked, specimenwastakenbeatinglowvegetationalong
withoutangulatebase. a roadside adjacent to rather similar, but less
exposed, vegetation.
DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY. New
Caledoniais 500kmlongwithahighlydissected PHYTOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY. The
central mountain chain running its ^11 length. adultofZiraismostsimilartolargermembersof
Most specimens ofZira nitens were collectedat the New Zealand Phyllocharitini, Allocharis
1,350mabout2kmwestofthe 1,618msummitof Sharp, CyrtonogetusBrounandEualemaBroun,
710 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG. 7. HabitatofZimnitensatMountHumboldt, (photo: SusanWright)
withwhichitsharesthefollowingattributes:eyes and larvae of three genera of Australasian
on lateral swellings; frontoclypeuswithoutdeep Phyllocharitini have been described (Kimoto,
grooves;atleastfemalemaxillarypalpinotapically 1962;Reid, 1991).ThelarvaofZiraisessentially
expanded; pronotum with trichobothrial setae in similar to all of these, especially in having a
eachcomer,withoutirregulardeepdepressionsat dorsally placed pair of frontal setae, laterally
sides; pronotum with lateral and anteriorborders tuberculatescleritesandatleast3pairsofprolegs,
butwithoutobviousbasalborder;prostemumnot but differs bysetal structure, numberofrows of
anteriorlyorposteriorlyraised; elytranotstriate, tubercles, orsclerotisation ofabdominal apex.
atleastondisc;padsofspatulatesetaeonallmale Determination of Z/ra’s relationships will
basaltarsi;thirdtarsalsegmentnotbilobed;penis requireaphylogeneticrevisionofthewholetribe,
elongate, with small basal foramen; ovipositor buttheavailableevidenceisthatZirabelongstoa
with tw'o segmentedvaginal palp; larva without group of genera previously only known from
extrusibleglands,withconical prc-apical ventral NewZealand.
ampullae. Mostofthesesimilaritiesappeartobe Thepresence ofan unusual flightless and rel-
plesiomorphies forPhyllocharitiniandthegroup ativelyplesiomorphicmemberofPhyllocharitini
ofgenera isthereforeweaklydefined. Zira most on a rafted fragment ofGondwana strengthens
obviously differs from these genera by much
greater body covexity, pronotal shape (broadest the argument that this tribe is ancient. Daccordi
(1994, 1996)notedrelationshipsbetweenphyllo-
at base) and broadly open procoxal cavities (in charitinegenerainSouth America,NewZealand
CyrtonogetuscrassiisBrountheprocoxalcavities andAustralia,althoughnonphyllocharitinegenera
are open, but only narrowly so). The Australian were included in his discussion (Reid, 1995b).
genus Strumatophyma Baly is similar to Zira, Other remnant Gondwanan chrysomelids on
with widely open procoxal cavities and non- New Caledonia include a genus ofSpilopyrinae
striate elytra, but ithas strongly grooved frontal (Reid, 2000) andpossiblythe Lamprosomatinae
sutures, pronotum broadest anteriorly and (Monros, 1956).
laterally depressed, tuberculate elytra, simple
clawsandadeepdepressionontheapicalventrite ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ofboth sexes.
WethankGeoffMonteith,QueenslandMuseum,
The larvae of the New Zealand genera are forallowingustoworkonthisinterestingmaterial
undescribed, butthehabitusofalateinstarlarva andprovidingcollectingnotes. Fieldworkbythe
ofAllocharis has been sketched (Reid, 1995a) Queensland Museum was financially supported
NEWGENUS OF CHRYSOMELINAE
711
byElwoodC. Zimmerman. Helicoptertransport patterns and processes. (SPB Academic
to Mt Humboldt was provided by the Province Publishing: Amsterdam).
SudGovernment,NewCaledonia.Thankstothe LEFEVRE, E. 1885. Eumolpidarum hucusque
staffofthe Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, for cognitarum catalogus, sectionum conspectu
attempting to identify beetle gut contents andto systematico, generum sicut et specierum
MaxBeatson(AMS)forhelpwiththeillustrations. MneonninouilrleasrudmenloavSaorcuiemtedeRsocyriaplteiodneisbuSsciaedjnucnecstidse.
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