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© SociedadEspañola deMalacología Iberus, 23 (2): 157-163, 2005 A new Fusinus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) from Japan Un nuevo Fusinus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) de Japón Roland HADORN* and Mitsuo CHINO** Recibidoel21-1-2004.Aceptadoel12-X-2005 ABSTRACT Examination of the holotype of Fusinus hyphalus M. Smith, 1940 reveáis that F. hyphalus ¡s a subjective júnior synonym of F. gracilihrmis (Sowerby, 1880). The species often cclled F. hyphalus and illustrcted by cuthors ¡s without o neme. Fusinus satsumaensis spec. nov. [type locclity: off Akune, Kagoshimc Prefecture, Jopan] ¡s proposed os the nome for this misidentified species in the subgenus Chryseofusus Hadorn and Froussen, 2003 and com- pored with F. ¡Chryseofusus) gracilihrmis (Sowerby, 1880), F. {C.) chrysodomoides (Schepmon, 191 1), F. (C.j ¡urgeni Hadorn and Froussen, 2002 ond F (C.) westralis Hadorn ond Froussen, 2003. RESUMEN El examen del holotipo de Fusinus hyphalus M. Smith, 1940 revela que F hyphalus es un sinónimo juvenil de F gracilihrmis (Sowerby, 1880). Lo especia a menudo denominada F hyphalus e ilustrada por varios autores carece de nombre. Se propone el nombre de Fusi- nus satsumaensis spec. nov. paro esta especie inidentificada, dentro del subgénero Chry- seofusus Hadorn y Froussen, 2003. Se compara con F. ¡Chryseofusus) graciliformis (Sowerby, 1880), F ¡C.) chrysodomoides (Schepmon, 191 1), F ¡C.) ¡urgeni Hadorn y Froussen, 2002 y F (C.j westralis Hadorn y Froussen, 2003. KEYWORDS: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Fasciolariidae,Fusinus, Chryseofusus,Japan, newspecies. PALABRAS CLAVE:Mollusca, Gastropoda, Fasciolariidae,Fusinus, Chryseojusus,Japón,nuevaespecie. INTRODUCTION Hadorn and Fraussen (2003) Wehave since foimd theholotype in recently described the subgenus the Florida Museum of Natural History Chryseofusus in Fusinus to accommodate in Gainesville, USA. Examination of the anumber ofspecies sharingconchologi- holotype reveáis that F. hyphalus is a cal characteristics different from typical juvenile specimen of F. graciliformis. Fusinus and described new species in Based on the original description and thissubgenus. Oneofthetreatedspecies the poor figure of the holotype, was F. hyphalus M. Smith, 1940. At that Hadorn and Fraussen (2003) failed to time ofthatpaper the two authors were recognize this synonymy and confused unable to lócate the holotype of F. it with the misidentified species often hyphalus. called F, hyphalus by authors and Dreihubelweg23, CH-3250Lyss,Switzerland. *6-23-18-202,Arima,Miyamae-ku,Kawasaki,216-0003,Japan. 157 Iberus, 23 (2), 2005 recorded fromJapan, the EastChina Sea NSMT National Science Museum, andthePhilippineIslands. Tokyo,Japan. RH Collection of Roland Hadorn, Lyss, Abbreviationsused: Switzerland. RMNH National Museum of Natural ANSP Academy of Natural Sciences, History - Naturalis, Leiden, the Philadelphia,USA. Netherlands. BMNH The Natural History Museum, WAM Western Australian Museum, London,UnitedKingdom. Perth,Australia. FLMNH/UF Florida Museum of ZMA Zoologisch Museum, University NaturalHistory,Gainesville,Florida, of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the USA. Netherlands. MC Collection of Mitsuo Chino, dddeadcoUectedspecimen. Kawasaki,Japan. juvjuvenilespecimen. MNHN Museum national d'Histoire IvUvecollectedspecimen. naturelle,Paris,France. subadsubadultspecimen. SYSTEMATICS FamilyFasciolariidae Gray, 1853 GenusFusinus Rafinesque, 1815 Fusinus Rafinesque, 1815. Anal. nat. tabl. univ. corps org.: 145. Substitute ñame for 'Fusus Lamarck' [=FususBruguiére,1789],nonFususHelbling,1779. Typespecies:MurexcolusLinnaeus,1758,bytypificationofreplacedñame. Subgenus Chryseofusus Hadornand Fraussen, 2003 Chryseofusus Hadorn and Fraussen, 2003. The deep-water Indo-Pacific radiation ofFusinus. Iberus,21 (1):207-240. Typespecies:FususchrysodomoidesSchepman,1911. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) satsumaensis spec. nov. (Figs. 1-8) Fusinus(Simplicifusus)hyphalusM.Smith,1940.-Kira(1962:85);SpringsteenandLeobrera(1986: 177+179,pl.48,fig,2).nonM.Smith,1940. Simplicifusus hyphalus (M. Smith, 1940). -Higo, Callomon and Goto (1999: 263). nonM. Smith, 1940. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) hyphalus M. Smith, 1940. -Hadornand Fraussen (2003: 218-219, figs. 22, 23).nonM.Smith,1940. Typematerial:Holotype(78.1x24.7mm,Iv),NSMT-Mo73704:350-400m,offAkune,Kagoshima Prefecture,Japan. Paratype 1 (68.4x22.2mm,Iv),MC;paratype2 (65.9x21.3mm,iv),RH: 350-400m,offAkune, KagoshimaPrefecture,Japan.Paratype3(72.9x24.4mm,Iv),MC;paratype4(75.9x25.1mm,Iv), MNHN;paratype5(73.5x25.1mm,Iv),ANSP412950:250m,southwestofCapeNoma,Kagoshima Prefecture,Japan. Othermaterialexamined:Japan,fromtypelocality,1dd,MC.-Japan,offCapeNoma,Kagoshima Prefecture,1ddsubad,MC.-Taiwan,deepwater,1Ivjuv/1Iv,RH.-Taiwan,Keelung,1lv/1dd subad,RH.-Unknownlocality,1dd,RH. Typelocality:OffAkune,KagoshimaPrefecture,Japan. Etymology:F. (C.)satsumaensisspec.nov.isnamedafterthetypelocality.Satsumaistheancient ñame ofWesternKagoshima whichis famous intheJapanesehistorywithregard to the Meiji Restoration1868. 158 Hadornand Chino: AnewFusinus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) fromJapan Figures 1-8. Fusinus (Chryseofusus)satsumaensisspec. nov. 1, 2: holotypeNSMT-Mo 73704,Japan, offAkune, KagoshimaPrefecture, 78.1 mm; 3,4: paratypeMC,Japan, offAkune, Kagoshima Pre- fecture, 68.4 mm; 5, 6: paratype RH,Japan, offAkune, Kagoshima Prefecture, 65.9 mm; 7: holo- typeNSMT-Mo73704, spiretip; 8: Operculum. Figuras 1-8. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) satsumaensisspec. nov. 1, 2:holotipoNSMT-Mo 73704,Japón, frenteaAkune, KagoshimaPrefecture, 78,1 mm;3,4:paratipoMC,Japón,frenteaAkune, Kagoshima Prefecture, 68,4 mm; 5, 6:paratipo RH,Japón,frenteaAkune, Kagoshima Prefecture, 65,9 mm; 7: holotipoNSMT-Mo 73704, ápicedelaespira;8:opérculo. 159 Iberus, 23 (2), 2005 Description: Shell rather large for spiral cords. Starting with third whorl, subgenus (up to 80 mm), thin, light- one finer secondary spiral cord appears weightbutsolid, fusiformwithelongate between each pair of primary cords. spire, uniformly white, palé or light From fourth whorl on, fine tertiary yellow, consisting of about 9 slightly spiralthreadsappearatbothsidesofthe convex whorls with weak subsutural secondary cords. Their number increas- concavity. Spire long and pointed, body ing to up to 5 onbodywhorl, while sec- whorl inflated and ventricose in adult ondary cords become as strong as the specimens, siphonal canal narrow, occa- primaryones. sionally curved. Aperture including Aperture large, ovate, pointed at intact siphonal canal slightly longer both ends, white, smooth inside. Outer than spire. Suture fine but distinct, only lip convex, thin, simple. Inner lip weaklyincised. smooth, parietal callus thin, glossy, Protoconch relatively large, white, appressedtoparietalwall,notdetached, glossy, bulbous, consisting of 1 V4 - 1 columellarfoldsabsent. V2 whorls, final V4 whorl with 3 or 4 Siphonal canal long, relatively narrow axial riblets, reaching from narrow,usuallycurved, aboutaslongas suture to suture. Transition to teleo- aperture. Outer side sculptured with conch marked by a varix. Diameter 1.1- fine, close-set spiral cords and interca- 1.2mm. latedfinethreadsofdifferentstrength. Axial sculpture inconspicuous, only Periostracum thin, well-adherent, visible on upper teleoconch whorls. straw-brown. Axial ribs weak, narrow, extending Operculum (Fig. 8) typical of genus, from suture to suture, interspaces corneous, red-brown, ovate, rounded narrow. 10 or 11 ribs on 3 uppermost above and pointed below, shape and teleoconch whorls, up to 15 on fourth size corresponding to aperture, outer whorl, becoming weaker, irregular and side ornamented with concentric disappearing on fourth or fifth whorl. growthlines,withterminalnucleus. Axial growth Unes fine but distinct on Rangeandhabitat: Japan, Enshu-nada all whorls, crossing spiral sculpture and westwards, East China Sea at 100- m and giving the surface the texture of 300 on sandy bottom (Higo et al., linen. 1999: 263); Taiwan (collection RH), Spiral sculpture weak. Teleoconch Philippines, Cebú and Bohol (Spring- beginning with 5 close-set primary STEENANDLeobrera, 1986: 177). (Rightpage) Figures 9-11. Fusinus(Chryseofusus)hyphalusM. Smith, 1940, holotypeFLMNH/UF 174301, Japan, Shikoku Island, Kochi Prefecture, offTosa, 36.5 mm. 9, 10: shell; 11: spire tip. BMNH Figures 12, 13. Fususgraciliformis Sowerby, 1880, holotype 1880.10.15.2, Japan, 52.5 mm. Figures 14, 15. Fusussieboldi Schepman, 1891, holotype RMNH 86858, Japan, 40.0 mm (=junior synonym ofit graciliformis). Figure 16. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) westralis Hadorn and Fraussen, 2003, holotypeWAM SI0876, northwestAustralia, Rottnest Island, 114.4 mm. Figure 17. Fusinus (Chryseofusus)jurgeni Hadorn and Fraussen, 2002, holotype MNHN, southwest Madagascar, 94.2 mm. Figure 18. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) chrysodomoides (Schepman, 1911), lecto- typeZMA, Indonesia, Molucca-Passage, 70.7mm. (Página derecha) Figuras 9-11. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) hyphalus M. Smith, 1940, holotipo FLMNH/UF174301,Japón, isla Shikoku, KochiPrefecture,frentea Tosa, 36,5 mm. 9, 10: concha; BMNH 11: ápice de la espira. Figuras 12, 13. Fusus graciliformis Sowerby, 1880, holotipo RMNH 1880.10.15.2,Japón, 52,5 mm. Figuras 14, 15. Fusus sieboldi Schepman, 1891, holotipo mm 86858,Japón, 40,0 (^sinónimojuvenilde F. graciliformis^. Figura 16. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) westralis Hadorny Fraussen, 2003, holotipo WAMSI0876, NO deAustralia, isla Rottnest, 114.4 mm. Figura 17. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) jurgeni HadornyFraussen, 2002, holotipoMNHN, SOde Madagascar, 94,2 mm. Figura 18. Fusinus (Chryseofusus) chrysodomoides (Schepman, 1911), lec- totipoZMA, Indonesia, estrechodelasMolucas, 70,7mm. 160 HadORNand Chino: AnewFusinus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) fromJapan 16 Iberus, 23 (2), 2005 Comparison: F. (C.) satsumaensis spec. its larger shell (up to 100 mm), the nov. was often misidentified as F. longer spire, the more numerous (11 or hyphalus M. Smith, 1940 by authors, 12) and more convex whorls, the more including the paper oí Chryseofusus by constricted suture, the wider spire Hadorn and Fraussen (2003). Shortly angle, the stronger spiral sculpture, the after publication of that paper the first often reddish-brown tinged spiral authorwasabletolócatetheholotypeof cords, the stronger and broader axial F. hyphalus [FLMNH/UF 174301: type ribs on upper teleoconch whorls, the locality: Japan, Shikoku Island, Kochi more rounded aperture and thebroader Prefecture, offTosa, 100 fms, M. Smith's siphonal canal. collection] (Figs. 9-11). F. hyphalus is a F (C.) chrysodomoides (Schepman, subjective júnior synonym of F. gracili- 1911) is similar in size, but differs by formis (Sowerby, 1880). This specimen is having a longer spire, a heavier shell, a a dead collected juvenile specimen of larger number of whorls, a wider spire mm 36.5 X 12.5 and isidenticalinshape, angle, a more pronounced axial sculp- sculpture and protoconch structure but ture on the upper whorls, a smaller and somewhat more slender than the holo- more rounded aperture, and a shorter type of F. graciliformis [BMNH and broader siphonal canal. The lecto- 1880.10.15.2, 52.5 x 18.0 mm, dd, type type designated by Hadorn and locality: Japan] (Figs. 12, 13) and F Fraussen (2003: 211) is figured here sieboldi (Schepman, 1891) [RMNH86858, (Fig. 18). 40.0 X 15.2 mm, dd, type locality: Japan F satsumaensis is placed in the sub- (= júnior synonym of F. graciliformis)] genus Chryseofususbased onthe smooth (Figs. 14, 15). Most specimens referred adapical whorls, the weak, close-set, to F. hyphalus by authors belong, as far regular spiral sculpture crossed by dis- as we are able to determine, to this new tinctgrowthlines, givingthe surfacethe species. textureoflinen,therelativelyshortspire The holotype ofF hyphalus (Figs. 9- and siphonal canal, the less convex 11) differs from the new species by the whorls with subsutural concavity, and smaller size, the more convex whorls, the simple, thin, adherent parietal themoreconstrictedsuture,thereddish- callus. brown coloured shell, and the smaller F satsumaensis was, as misidentified mm protoconch (diameter 0.8 instead of as F hyphalus, often placed in the genus 1.1-1.2 mm). In general, F (C.) gracili- Simplicifusus Kuroda and Habe in formis can be separated by the some- Kuroda, Habe and Oyama, 1971 [type what larger adult size, the deeper and species: Simplicifusus noguchii Habe and more pronounced subsutural concavity, Masuda, 1990]. Simplicifusus was con- thelessinflatedandshorterbodywhorl, cluded to be a subjective júnior theclearlysmallerand differentlysculp- synonym of Granulifusus by Snyder tured protoconch, and by often having (2003: 87-88). Granulifusus has an oper- rather strong, broad axial ribs on the culum which is completely different upperwhorls. from all other species belonging to the F. (C.) westralis Hadorn and subgenus Chryseofusus andallothersub- Fraussen, 2003 (Fig. 16) differs by its genera in Fusinus. Species of the genus larger shell (up to 140 mm), the longer Fusinus have an operculum with termi- spire, the larger number of whorls (11- nal nucleus, corresponding to the aper- 13), the more pronounced subsutural ture in size and shape. Granulifusus has concavity, the finer spiral sculpture con- a small, round-ovate, thin operculum, sisting of a larger number of fine spiral notfillingthe aperture,withnucleus sit- cords and intercalated threads, and the uated atlower outer side. For a detailed shorterandbroadersiphonalcanal. discussion we refer to Hadorn and F. (C.)jurgeni Hadorn and Fraussen, Fraussen (2003: 211) and to Snyder 2002 (Fig. 17) can be distinguished by (2003: 88). 162 HadORNand Chino: AnewFusinus (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae) fromJapan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank K. Way (BMNH), J. Pick- (Belgium) and M. A. Snyder (USA) for ering (BMNH), Goud (RMNH), E. comments, corrections and important J. Gittenberger (RMNH), and F. G. help to the manuscript, D. Monsecour Thompson (FLMNH/UF) for the loan (Belgium) for correcting the English of type material, K. Fraussen text. BIBLIOGRAPHY BiELER,R.ANDPetit,R.E.,1990.Onthevarious KiRA, T., 1962. Shells ofthe Western Pacific in editionsofTetsuakiKira's"ColouredIllus- Color(I).HoikushaPublishingCo.,Ltd.,Os- trationsoftheShellsofJapan"and"Shellsof aka,Japan,224pp.[foradditionalprintings, theWesternPacificinColor,Vol.F',withan seeBiELERANDPetit,1990]. annotated list of new ñames introduced. Snyder,M. A.,2003. Thegenera Simplicifusus Malacologia,32: 131-145. and Granulifusus (Gastropoda: Fasciolari- Hadorn,R.andFraussen,K.,2003.Thedeep- idae)withthedescriptionoftwonewspecies waterIndo-PacificradiationofFusinus(Chry- inGranulifusus.JournalofConchology,38(1): seofusus subgen.nov.) (Gastropoda: Fascio- 87-93. lariidae).Iberus,21 (1):207-240. Springsteen,F.J.andLeobrera,F. M., 1986. Higo, S.,Callomon, P., andGoto, Y., 1999. Shells ofthePhilippines. CarfelSeashell Mu- Catalogueandbibliographyofthemarineshell- seum,Manila,377pp. hearingMolluscaofJapan.ElleScientificPub- lications,Japan,749pp. 163