A new Fish Species of the Genus Garra Hamilton buchanan (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Manipur, India

2005·1.4 MB·

by  W Vishwanath

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Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 102 (1), Jan-Apr 2005 86-88
A NEW FISH SPECIES OF THE GENUS GARRA HAMILTON-BUCHANAN
(CYPR1NIFORMES: CYPRINIDAE) FROM MANIPUR, INDIA
1
W. VlSHWANATH2’3 AND K. SHANTA DEVI2
'Accepted March, 2003
"Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Canchipur 795 003, Manipur, India.
"Email: [email protected]
AnewcyprinidfishofthegenusGarraisdescribedfromtheKhugariverofChurachandpur districtofManipurstate,
India. ThespeciesdiffersfromGarralissorhynchus(McClelland) in havingasmallernumberof: scalesin lateral line
(30-31 vs. 33-34), lateraltransversescalecount(3/1/3 vs.4/1/3),pre-dorsalscales(1 1-12vs. 14),gill rakers(6vs. 12).
The fish also differsfrom Garrarupecula(McClelland) in havingasmallernumberof: gill rakers(6 vs. 8), scaleson
lateral line(30-31 vs. 34)andalso in thepresenceofscalesontheback. G. rupecula ischaracterisedbytheabsenceof
scales on the pre-dorsal region. The new species also differs from both the species under comparison in its colour
bandingpattern onthecaudalfin.
Keywords: Garra, new species, Lissorhynchus complex, Manipur
INTRODUCTION MATERIALAND METHODS
Menon (1964) reviewed the genus Garra Hamilton- Measurements and counts followed Menon (1964).
Buchanan, and recognised 37 species. The important Measurements were made with dial callipers to the nearest
character of the genus is the possession of suctorial disc 0.1 mm and expressed in percentage ofstandard length (SL)
on the ventral surface ofthe head, just behind the mouth. or head length (HL). The type specimens ofthe new species
Most of the species inhabit rapid running waters and are deposited in the Manipur University Museum ofFishes,
adapttothe substratum, bymeansofthe horizontallyplaced MUMF.
paired fins, especially the pectorals (Menon 1964). This
genus is widely distributed in the hill streams ofManipur, Garraparalissorhynchussp. nov. (Fig. 1
India.
Hora (1921) described two new species, G. abhoyai Holotype:Female.MUMF5054,67.3mmSL;Khugariver,
and G. naganensisfromtheStateandalsorecordedG nasuta Churachandpur district, Manipur, India; K. Shanta Devi.
(McClelland). Menon(1964)whilerevisingthegenusGarra, 25.vii.2000.
considered G. abhoyaiHorato be asynonymofG rupecula Paratypes: Sexnotdetermined. MUMF-5041,57.3 mm
(McClelland). Vishwanath etal. (1987)recordedaBurmese SL;MUMF-5053 &5055,2exs. 58.6, 58.2mmSL,3.V.2000;
formG. gra\>elyi(Annandale)andanAssameseform G. kempi MUMF-5074,63.4mmSL,2.xi.2000; MUMF-5081 & 5094,
Hora from the State. Vishwanath and Sarojnalini (1988) 2exs.59.7,60mm SL, 10.iv.2000;MUMF-5103-5106,4exs.,
described G. manipurensis from the Manipur river. 53.7-63.4 mm SL, 21.viii.2002. Same collection data as
Vishwanath (1993) reported only three species ofGarra in Holotype.
the Lissorhynchus complex, namely G. lissorhynchus, Sexualdimorphism:None.
G. rupecula,mAG. manipurensis,whilereviewingthegenus
from Manipur. Kosygin and Vishwanath (1998) and
Vishwanath and Kosygin (2000) described G. compressus
and G. elongatarespectively from the state.
In the collection of freshwater fishes of the Khuga
riverinManipur(Chindwindrainage), 1 1 specimensofGarra
which resemble species of Lissorhynchus complex were
collected. Thesedonot fit intothedescriptionofanyknown
species of the genus. The fish is described here as a new
species. Fig. 1 Garraparalissorhynchussp. nov
NEW DESCRIPTIONS
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J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 102 (1), Jan-Apr 2005 87
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NEW DESCRIPTIONS
Table 1: Morphological characters of shorterthan the diameter ofeyes. Oral disc well-developed,
Garra paralissorhynchus sp. nov. scalesabsenton chestandbelly. Finsyellowish-white. Dorsal
Holotype Paratypes fin with a dark streak near the free margin, a thin and light
MUMF MUMF5041,5053,5055,5074 black W-shaped band on the posterior halfofthe caudal fin
5054 5081, 5094, 5103-5106 withoneortwovertical linesofblackspotsanteriortothe W-
N= 1 N = 10 shaped band, caudal fin slightly emarginate, gill rakers 6.
Standard 67.3 53.7-63.4 Proportional measurementsaregiven inTable 1
In %ofSL Mean(Range)±S.D Colour in formalin: Body dark grey, yellowish-white
Depth ofbody 257 24 1 (19 3-25 0) ±2 2 ventrally. Scales on sides ofthe body orange. A dark spot at
LengthofHead 23.2 24 1 (20 0-26 8) ±2.0
Predorsallength 51.1 51 4 (43 9-55.3) ±3.6 the upper angle ofthe gill opening. Dorsal fin with a broad
In%ofHL transverse black bar near the free margin. Caudal fin with a
Head width 81.4 82.1 (75.8-87.7) ±3.4 thin and light W-shaped dark band with lines ofblack spots
HSneoaudthleeingghtth 7510.95 6489.93((6446 88--7517..97)) ±±21.86 anteriorto it. Finsyellowish-white.
Eyediameter 17.9 204 (17.2-22.7) ± 19 Etymology: Thespecies isnamedsoforitssimilarityto
Interorbitalspace 51.9 50 4 (436-55 3) ±3.5 G lissorhynchus (McClelland) in having a W-shaped dark
Pectoralfinlength 93.6 94 1 (88.2-101.7) ±4 8 band on its caudal fin.
Disclength 346 36.4 (33 3-41 9) ±4 0 Distribution: India: Khugariver,Churachandpurdistrict,
Caudalpedunclelength 62 8 56.4 (46 9-62 6) ±5 6 Manipur(Chindwin basin).
Discwidth in head width 606 56 8 (54 2-59.8) ±19
Disclength in discwidth 70.1 72.7 (67.1-77.1) ±3.1 Discussion: Garraparalissorhynchussp. nov. issimilar
Caudalpeduncleheight 105.1 112.3 (103 1-131 4) ±91 to Garra lissorhynchus in having a snout without transverse
initslength groove and proboscis; naked chest and belly; a black bar
Space ofV-Aorigins in 61.1 58.8 (56.5-60.4) ±1.4 nearthefreemargin ofdorsal fin andacaudal fin with athin,
Vorigin-caudal fin light W-shaped dark band at the posterior end. However, it
Space ofVent- 29 7 28 8 (25.0-30.8) ±2.5
can be easily distinguished from the latter in having smaller
origins in V-Aorigins
number of: scales on lateral line (30-31 vs. 33-34), and pre-
Diagnosis: A species of Garra with the following dorsal region(1 1-12 vs. 14), lateraltransversescalecount(3/
combination of characters: no transverse groove and 1/3 vs.4/1/3),andsmallernumberofgill rakers(6vs. 12).The
proboscis on the snout, scales absent on chest and belly, a newspecieshasadeeperbody(24.1 vs.21.0%ofSL),deeper
dark streak nearthe free margin ofthe dorsal fin, a thin and head(68.9vs.67.l%ofHL;andwidercaudal peduncle(1 12.3
lightblack W-shaped bandon theposteriorhalfofthecaudal vs. 72.2%ofits length). ItalsodiffersfromGarrarupeculain
fin andoneortwodarkvertical linesanteriortothe W-shaped having: scales on the back (rupecula does not have scales in
band, lateral linescales30-31;pre-dorsal scales 11-12; lateral themid-dorsalstreakinthepre-dorsalregion),smallernumber
transversescales3/1/3,depthofbody 19.3-25.0%ofSL;caudal of: gill rakers(6vs. 8),scaleson lateral line(30-3I vs.32-34).
pedunclewidth 103.1-131.4%ofits length,gill rakers6. The new species also differs from both the species under
Description: Dii,6;Pi, 11;V i,7;Aii,4;C.9+8; L.l.30- comparison in its colour banding pattern on the body and
31; L.tr. 3/1/3. Pre-dorsal scales 11-12. Bodyshort, rounded; caudal fin, as it has a vertical dark band anterior to the W-
head moderately compressed, snout semicircular, blunt shaped bands. Thus, the new species is a member of the
without transverse groove and proboscis, a few tubercles lissorhynchuscomplex,andmayhaveevolvedfromacommon
present on snout and cheeks, inter-orbital region slightly ancestor. The comparison between the three species is given
convex. Barbelstwopairs,onerostralandonemaxillary,both inTable2.
REFERENCES
Hora, S.L. (1921): Indian cyprinoid fishes belonging to the genus 124-126.
Garra with notes on related species from other countries. Rec L. Kosygin & W. Vishwanath (1998): A new cyprinid fish Garra
Ind. Mus. 22: 633-687. compressus from Manipur, India, India. J. Freshwater Biol.
Menon,A.GK.(1964): Monographofthecyprinidfishesofthegenus 10(1-2): 45-48.
Garra Hamilton. Mem. Ind. Mus 14(4): 173-260. Vishwanath,W. & L. Kosygin(2000): Garraelongata. anewspecies
Vishwanath, W. (1993): On a collection offishes ofthe genus Garra ofthe subfamily Garrinae from Manipur, India (Cyprinidae,
HamiltonfromManipur,Indiawithdescriptionofanewspecies. Cypriniformes). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 97(3): 408-414.
J. FreshwaterBiol. 5(1): 59-68. Vishwanath,W.,H.T.Singh,O.Shashikumar&M.Gonchandra(1987):
Vishwanath,W.&Sarojnalini,Ch.(1988):Anewcyprinidfish,Garra Firstrecordsoffreshwaterfishes, GarragravelyiandG kempt
manipurensis,fromManipur,India.JapaneseJ. Ichthyol.35(2): in Manipur. IndianJ. Fish 34(3): 362-364.
88 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 102 (1), Jan-Apr 2005