Table Of Content

Journal ofthe Bombay Matural HistorySociety, 104 (3), Sep-Dec2007 334-338 NEW DESCRIPTIONS ANEW FAIRY SHRIMPSPECIES, BRANCHINELLA NALLURENSIS FROM SOUTH INDIA 1 C. S. Velu23andN. Munuswamy2 'AcceptedDecember04,2007 ’DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofMadras,GuindyCampus,Chennai600025,Tamil Nadu,India. -’Current address: Division ofImmunobiology, MLC 7038, Room S5.200, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 BurnetAve,Cincinnati, Ohio45229,U.S.A. Email:[email protected];[email protected] The current study identifies anew fairy shrimp, which belongs to the genusBranchinella fromChengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India. Morphological variation was observed in frontal appendage, second antennae, penal structure in male andeggornamentation in femalejustifyingthisas anewspecies, Branchinellanallurensis.Thevariationobservedin thepresentstudywasconfirmedbycomparingwiththewellknownspecies,B. kugenumaensis(Japan)andB. madurai. Keywords:Branchinellakugenumaensis,B. madurai,B. nallurensissp.nov.,eggornamentation,newspecies,second antennae, penal morphology INTRODUCTION the morphology. Total offive males (2.8-3.6 cm) and seven females (3.0-3.4 cm) (paratypes) were observed and some Fairy shrimps belong to the genus Branchinella specimens were deposited in theZoological SurveyofIndia (Anostraca: Thamnocephalidae) Sayce 1902, are widely (Cat#CA1ZSI/SRS). distributed all over India (Linder 1941; Quadri and Baqai 1956; Tiwari 1965; Bernice 1972). Branchinella RESULTSAND DISCUSSION kugenumaensis (Ishikawa 1895) is originally identified as endemicfromJapanandisnowreportedtooccurinmajority Frontal appendage is divisible into three regions of Asian countries. Based on the size, number of (Fig. 1).Thefirstpart(basal)consistsof17-22protruberances, protruberancesinthesecondantennaeandfrontalappendage spiniformproximallyanddigitiformdistally. Spinesareseen inJapanesepopulation,Raj (1951, 1961)describedtheIndian at the base offrontal appendage and in between the second population as a new variety, B.k. var. madurai. The status of antennae. The second part (middle) branches out into two, B.k. var. madurai has been rejected by various researchers oneatthe upperregionandtheotherinthelowerpartarmed Radhakrishna and Prasad 1976; Belk and Esparaza 1995). ventrally with two rows of 16-22 widely spaced tubercles ( Despite these rejections it gained species status due to the (Fig. 1). Rami, the third part consist of3-4 strong spines in tremendouscontributionofBrendonckandBelk(1997),who theirventralregion.Eachramusislong,ensiformmedialside nameditasB. maduraiensisRaj. Recently,thenomenclature branchwithspinesonentiresurfaceandoneprominentspine for this species is further corrected as B. madurai (Martin atthebase.Lateralsidebranch(2L)equalstothemainbranch and Boyce 2004). Based on a detailed morphological (1M) and with spine at the tip (Figs 1, 2). comparison to B. kugenumaensis and B. madurai Dorso-lateral surface ofthe second antennae consists , B. nallurensisnov.sp.,isidentifiedandreportedinthisstudy of about 22-27 digitiform tubercles (Fig. 1). The second as anatural population ofBranchinella. antenna is divisible into apical (aj) and basal joint (bj) (Figs 1, 3). Basal joint consists of a row of 3-5 tubercles MATERIALAND METHODS situated medially (Fig. 1). Medial antennal process (MAP) reachestothemiddledistaljointofantennaeandaresetwith About twelve animals were collected from Nallur 9-10longventro-medialprotuberancesofwhich5-6arebifid village (12° 42' N; 80° 0T E), Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, and located ventro-medially, 3 are anvil-shaped and 1 is IndiaduringMay 1997.Thespecieswascollectedrepeatedly digitiform located distally (Figs 1,3). Eight long spiniform during 1998 and 1999, and invariably showed the same protuberances observed, are located on the dorso-medial morphologyasthespeciesreportedfromMaduraiandJapan. surface (Figs 3, 4). Forobservationpurposes,theywerebroughttothelaboratory Antennal morphology of several species has been andfixedin4%formalin.Holotypemale(3.1 cm)andfemales provedasavalidcharacterintaxonomy(Daday 1910;Linder (3.2 cm) (LIM/DZ/NM/FS 150 to 153) were used to study 1941; Brtek 1974; Maeda-Martinez et al. 1995; Velu and NEW DESCRIPTIONS Fig. 1: Camera lucida diagram showing the frontal appendage and secondantenna (outerand innerview) ofmale Branchinella nallurensis. sp. nov. aj - apical joint; bj - basal joint; dj - distal joint; 1M - 1 main branch; 2L-lateral branch; sp-spines; FA- frontalappendage;SA-secondantennae;map-medialantennal processes; dmp - dorso-medial processes; dlt - dorso-lateral Fig. 2: Light microscopic photograph showingthe rami of processes; I, II, III - 1st, 2nd, 3rd Segment frontal appendage in male. IM-main branch; 2L-side branch Fig. 3: Light microscopic photograph showing the inner lateral Fig. 4: Highermagnification showing the dorso-medial viewofsecondantennaofmale Branchinellanallurensissp.nov. protuberances (p) on the second antenna Munuswamy 2005). B. madurai Raj gained species status same criteria, we distinctly show the variation between mainly based on the morphology of male second antennae, B. nallurensisandotherspecies(Tables 1-3). Inaddition,the genital structure and egg ornamentation. A significant sidebranch 2Lofthefrontalappendagereachthetipofmain difference inthe sizeof 1Mbranchoffrontal appendageand branch 1M, the digitiform protuberances on the medial side morphologyofventro-medial protruberancesintheantennal ofbasalantennaljointresemblesthatofB. madurai.Thethird processwasobserved(BrendonckandBelk 1997). Usingthe section, ramus, in the B. nallurensis show spines on their Table 1: Morphologicalvariationsobserved inthefrontal and secondantennaeof Branchinellaspecies B. kugenumaensis B. madurai B. nallurensissp. nov. Dorso-medial process 6 spiniform 7digitiform 8-9 spiniform Medial antennal process 10digitiform protuberances, 8 long protuberances, 5 bifidventro-medially, 9 long protuberances, 6 bifid, 7ventro-medial, 3distal 3anvil-shaped distally 3anvil-shaped distally Medial sideof basaljoint 6tubercles 3 smalltubercles 8-10tubercles J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 104 (3), Sep-Dec 2007 335 NEW DESCRIPTIONS Fig. 5: Photograph showing the penal morphology of male Fig. 6: Lateral view ofthe penal morphology (p) observed in Branchinella nallurensissp. nov. dl-distal lobe; p-penis male Branchinella nallurensissp. nov. surface,whichisseldomfoundinB. madurai. Dorso-medial protuberancesrangeto6inB. maduraiandB. kugenumaensis , whereas in B. nallurensissp. nov. the protuberances are 8 in number. Moreover protuberances are spiniform in B. kugenumaensis and B. nallurensis sp. nov.; they are digitiform in B. madurai. Basal joint possesses 3-5 small tubercles in B. nallurensis sp. nov., whereas B. madurai and B. kugenumaensispossess6-11 and5-8tubercles,respectively (Table 1). Male genital morphology shows unique characteristic features. The basal part of penis is long, widely separated and with a pair of lateral linguiform outgrowth. A single medialout-growthwasseenintheinnersideofnon-retractile basal part ofpenis. Eversible part of penis is lengthier and bulged compared to that of the basal part and laterally set with a long row of prominent spines, which are sharp and flatstructures(Figs 5,6).Ventral,medialanddorsalsurfaces arecoveredwithspinules,whicharedenseratthedistalregion Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrograph showing the egg comparedtothebasalpart.Thepenilestructureisclubshaped ornamentation ofthe new species Branchinella nallurensis and extends up to the 3rd abdominal segment. In p-pore; r- ridges Table 2: Morphological variationsobserved inthe peneal structure ofdifferent Branchinellaspecies B. kugenumaensis B. madurai B. nallurensis sp. nov. Basal part shorter, widelyseparated Basal partshortwidelyseparated with small medial Basal partshortwidelyseparatedwith with small medial process proximally processproximally small medial process proximally. Eversible partis bulgedcomparedto thatofthe basal part Lateral setwith a long rowof Conical lateral lobesalmostas long as basal part. Conical lateral lobes inthedistal part prominentspines, conical nearbase Laterallywith long rowofspines Sharpandflatin middle region scale Spinesconical atproximal, scale-likedistally Lengthyspines, scale-likedistally likedistally 336 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 104 (3), Sep-Dec 2007 NEW DESCRIPTIONS Table3: Morphological variationsobserved in thecyst anostracan genera was substantiated by referring the co- ofBranchinellaspecies evolutionary nature ofthe penis (Brendonck 1995b). Female fairy shrimp lacks frontal appendage. Second Overview Ultrastructure antennaisflat, smallandrectangularunsegmentedstructure. B. kugenumaensis Eggshellwith Minute poreson Brood pouch is pear shaped and elongate up to the 3rd irregularpolygon theirsurface abdominal segment. Egg measures about 275-290 pm in B. madurai Egg shellwith lip-like Denticlesend with diameterandscanningelectronmicroscopic(SEM)studyon unitscoveredwith multiplespines theeggornamentationrevealspentagonalshapedridgeswith denticles aprominentvolcano-likeporeinthecenter(Fig. 7,Table 3). B. nallurensissp. nov. Egg shell with With single Various studies have shown the importance of egg hexagonal ridges prominentpore morphologywhiledefiningnaturalgroups,whichcanprovide with avolcano-like with spineonthe structure inthe centre ridges taxonomic information (Thiery et al. 1995; Velu and Munuswamy2005),duetotheirindependentsexualselection (Belk etal. 1998). branchinellids,themorphologyofpenisisonlyoccasionally Presenttaxonomicinvestigationclearlyshowsamarked presented(Quadri and Baquai 1956; Raj 1961;Tiwari 1971; variation in the male second antennae, penile and egg Belk and Sissom 1992; Brendonck and Riddoch 1997), and morphology inall three species ofBranchinella. Thisledus is rarely described due to the difficulties in preparing toerectanewspecies,Branchinellanallurensissp.nov.under specimens, and drawing and orienting the penile structures. the genus Branchinella. Besides this, through detailed Based on the penile structure (Table 2) we suggest that molecularanalysis by random amplified polymorphic DNA B. kugenumaensisandB. madurai mightbelongtotheNorth (RAPD) demonstrates and provides supportive information , AmericanspeciesgroupwhichincludesB. sublettei(Sissom) on theirnew species status (Velu 2001). andB. alachua (Dexter); whereas, B. nallurensisresembles B. ondonguae, in which the basal part is slender and long, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS swollendistally(Brendonck 1997). Brendonck(1995a, 1997) proved the penile morphology as a valuable taxonomic tool We thankMr.A. Jayaraman, President, Nallurvillage, inthamnocephalidaeandsuggesteduseofthischaracteristic ChengalpattuandMr. S.Perumal,Asst.Librarian,University to diagnose each branchiopodid genus or when erecting a ofMadras,Chennaifortheirhelptocollectthisspecies.Also new genus, apart from conventional characters. Moreover, help rendered by Mr. Essaki and Mr. Janarthanan for their the relevance of using penile morphology to distinguish technical assistant is gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES Belk, D. & S. L. Sissom (1992): New Branchinella (Anostraca)from (Crustacea,Branchiopoda,Anostraca)shownbynewevidenceto Texas,U.S.A.,andtheproblemofantennalikeprocesses.J. Crust. beavalidspecies. Hydrobiologia359: 93-99. Biol. 12: 312-316. Brendonck, L. & B.R. Riddoch (1997): Anostracans (Branchiopoda) Belk,D. &C.Esparaza(1995):AnostracaoftheIndiansubcontinent. ofBotswana: morphology,distribution,diversityandendemicity. Hydrobiologia298: 287-293. J. Crust. Biol. 17(1): 111-134. Belk,D.,G.Mura&S.C.Weeks(1998):Untanglingconfusionbetween Brtek, J. (1974): Zwei Streptocephalus Arten aus Afrika und einige Eubranchipus vernalis and Eubranchipus neglectus Notizer zur Gattung Streptocephalus. Ann. Zool. et botan. (Branchiopoda:Anostraca). J. Crust. Biol. 18(1): 147-152. Bratislava96: 1-9. Bernice,R.(1972): EcologicalstudiesonStreptocephalusdichotomies Daday,DeDee’s,E.(1910):Monographiesystematiquedesphyllopodes BairdCrustacea: Anostraca).Hydrobiologia39(2): 217-240. Anostraces.Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 9(11):491-499. Brendonck, L. (1995a): A new branchiopodid genus and species Ishikawa,C. (1895): PhyllopodCrustaceaofJapan.Zool. Mag 7: 1-6. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca) from South Africa. Zool. Linder,F. (1941): Contributionstothe morphologyandthetaxonomy J. Linn. Soc. 115: 359-372. oftheBranchiopodaAnostraca.Zool.Bidr. Uppsala.20: 101-302. Brendonck, L. (1995b): An updated diagnosis of the branchipodid Maeda-Martinez,A.M.,D.Belk,H.Obregon-Barboza&H.J.Dumont genera (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: Branchiopodidae) with (1995):AcontributiontothesystematicsoftheStreptocephalidae reflections on the genus concept by Dubois (1988) and the (Branchiopoda:Anostraca).Hydrbiologia298: 203-232. importanceofgenitalmorphologyinanostracantaxonomy.Arch, Martin, J.W. & S.L. Boyce (2004): Crustacea: non-cladoceran furHydrobiol./Suppl. 107(2): 149-186. Branchiopoda. Pp. 284-297. In: Yule, C.M. & Y.H. Sen (Eds.): Brendonck,L.(1997):TheAnostracangenusBranchinella(Crustacea: FreshwaterinvertebratesoftheMalaysianregion.Nature'sNiche Branchiopoda), in need ofa taxonomic revision; evidence from PteLtd, Singapore. penile morphology. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 119: 447-455. Quadri, M.A.H.& I.U. Baqai(1956): Some branchiopods (Anostraca Brendonck, L. & D. Belk (1997): Branchinella maduraiensis Raj andConchostraca)ofIndo-Pakistansubcontinent,withdescription J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 104 (3), Sep-Dec 2007 337 NEW DESCRIPTIONS ofnewspecies. Proc. PakistanAcad. Sci. 1(1): 7-18. 107-139. Radhakrishna,Y.& M.K.D. Prasad (1976): Anostraca (Crustacea: Tiwari, K.K. (1965): Branchinella kugenumaensis (Ishikawa, 1894) Branchiopoda) from Guntur district and its environs. Mem. Soc. (Phyllopoda,Anostraca)inRajasthan,westernIndia.Crustaceana Zool. Guntur1: 79-87. 9(2): 220-222. Raj, P.J.S. (1951):Thefirstrecordofthegenus BranchinellaSaycein Tiwari, K.K. (1971):OccurrenceofBranchinellahardingiQuadriand IndiaandanewvarietyofBranchinellakugenumaensis(Ishikawa). Baqai, 1956 (Crustacea, Phyllopoda: Anostraca) in Madhya Curr. Sci. 20: 334. Pradesh../. Zool. Soc. India. 23: 89-94. Raj, P.J.S. (1961): Morphology and distribution of Branchinella Velu,C.S. (2001): Biodiversity,taxonomy andaquaculturepotentials kugenumaensis (Ishikawa), var. madurai Raj (Branchiopoda: ofIndian fairy shrimps. Ph D. thesis, submittedtoUniversity of Crustacea). OhioJ. Sci. 61: 257-262. Madras,Chennai, India. Thiery,A.,J. Brtek &C'. Gasc(1995):CystmorphologyofEuropean Velu,C.S.&N.Munuswamy(2005):UpdateddiagnosesfortheIndian branchiopodas (Crustacea, Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata, speciesofStreptocephalus(Crustacea:Branchiopoda:Anostraca). Laevicaudata). Bull. Natl. Mus. Natur. His. (Paris) Series4. 14: Zootaxa 1049: 33-48. 338 J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 104 (3), Sep-Dec 2007