A New Era of Catecholamines in the Laboratory and Clinic PDF
Preview A New Era of Catecholamines in the Laboratory and Clinic
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA 32,JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,Oxford,OX51GB,UK Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands Firstedition2013 Copyright©2013ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865 853333; email:permissions@elsevier.com.Alternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlineby visitingtheElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselecting ObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial. Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsor propertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseor operationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein. Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverificationof diagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-411512-5 ISSN:1054-3589 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatstore.elsevier.com PrintedandboundinUnitedStatesinAmerica 13 14 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PREFACE TheTenthInternationalCatecholamineSymposium(XICS)washeldatthe Asilomar Conference Grounds in Pacific Grove, California, during September9–13,2012.TheConferenceGroundsaffordedabeautifulseaside setting, butonewithout distractions. This was thefirstinternationalsympo- siumfocusedoncatecholaminesinthetwenty-firstcenturyand,forphysiol- ogists, pharmacologists, and clinicians, there was a lot of catching up to do. TheimpetusforthissymposiumwasprovidedprimarilybyDavidGoldstein, thefoundingChiefoftheClinicalNeurocardiologySection,NINDS,andthe President of the Eighth International Catecholamine Symposium in 1996. The Organizing Committee for the XICS, in addition to Dr. Goldstein, included Daniel O’Connor, Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology at the Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, and President of the Catecholamine Society; David Sibley, Chief of the Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, NINDS, Bethesda, MD; Esther Sabban,ProfessorofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,NewYorkMed- ical College; and the editor of this volume. The comprehensive conference proceedings are published under sepa- ratecoverandincludeabstractsandextendedabstractsofvirtuallyallpapers and posters presented at the symposium. This volume of Advances in Phar- macology is devoted to in-depth coverage by thought leaders in the field of catecholamine research in attendance at the XICS, and to aspects of the field, including mechanisms of catecholamine biochemistry, cell biol- ogy, systems biology, and clinical diagnosis and treatment, which have developed dramatically over the past decade. The 21 chapters of the book are divided into 4 sections. The first is devoted to recent advances in the understanding of the basic cell biology of the catecholaminergic neuron. Areas in which new developments are prominent include elucidation of a highlyintegrativecellularsignalingnetworkfortyrosinehydroxylaseregu- lation in the human brain that extends to phosphorylation ‘memory’ (see contributions from Nakashima et al. and Dickson and Briggs), co-factor regulation (see chapter by H. Ichinose), brain catecholamine ‘endocrine’ functions during development (M. Ugrumov), interactions between cate- cholamines and granins during storage and release (Bartolomucci and col- leagues), and modulation of catecholamine release and action at the synapse by co-released peptide transmitters. The second section contains xiii xiv Preface four chapters that examine complementary aspects of CNS catecholamine circuitryinwhicheithernewaspectsoffunctionalneuroanatomy(seechap- ters by Kobayashi et al. and Itoi et al.) or catecholamine interactions with other neurotransmitter systems (see contribution from Hensler and col- leagues)havecreatedasubstantivelyimprovedbasic‘matrix’forunderstand- ingcatecholamineneurotransmissioninthemammalianbrain.Thechapter by Bonoldi and Howes, in particular, reassesses the role of dopamine in schizophrenia in a way that is especially timely given recent progress in stitching together prefrontal and ventral striatal dopaminergic mechanisms with genetic evidence for association between dopamine metabolism and cognitive endophenotypes that characterize this psychiatric illness. Section 3 focuses on neurological diseases associated with defects in catecholamine biosynthesis.Contributionsinthissectionunderscoretheimportantclinical factthatunderstandingthedeficienciesassociatedwiththesehumandiseases illuminates disease mechanisms, provides markers for disease detection, diagnosis, progression, and prognosis, and offers targets for gene therapy and pharmacological intervention. Recent progress on all these fronts is illustrated for Menkes and Parkinson’s diseases (see chapters by Kaler and Holmes, and D. Goldstein), genetic AADC deficiency (chapter by Hwu andcolleagues),andpheochromocytoma(Richteretal.).Schaferetal.pro- videneuroanatomicalevidencefortheexpressionofVMAT2inhuman(but not rodent) endocrine pancreas, making the high-affinity VMAT2 ligand tetrabenazineacandidatemarkerforbetacellmassinhumantypeIdiabetes, basedonoptimizationofthisPETligandforVMAT2inhumanCNS.This section concludes with a contribution from A. Emery that highlights implications of biased ligand signaling, high-throughput screening, and recent advances in x-ray crystallographic analysis of catecholamine (beta- adrenergic) receptors for drug discovery. The final section of this volume comprises contributions on catecholamines and stress. Research on cate- cholamineinvolvementinthesystemicresponsetostressispartofthefoun- dationofmodernpharmacology,andourunderstandingofthedynamicsof theseresponsescontinuestoberefined(seechapterbyKvetnanskyetal.).In addition, as for the well-established importance of biogenic amine neuro- transmission in schizophrenia, depression, hypertension, and Parkinson’s disease,theroleofcatecholaminesinstressiscurrentlybeingintegratedinto amuchmorecoherentviewofstresstransductioncircuitryinboththecen- tralandperipheralnervoussystemthatemphasizeslinkagesbetweennorad- renergicinputstopeptidergicstressresponsecentersinthebrain(Khanand Watts),peptidergicmodulationofnoradrenergiccentersthataffectthegain Preface xv andsensitivityofstressresponses(VanBockstaele),andpeptidergicinputsto catecholamine effector cells of theadrenal medulla,as well as thehypotha- lamic centers controlling corticosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, in the stress response (T. Mustafa). ThisvolumeofAdvancesinPharmacologyshouldprovidethereaderwhois interestedinmonitoringthetranslationalharvestofthemostrecentdecade ofcatecholamineresearchanexcellentbasisforjudgingwhatthisislikelyto be,howsoonitislikelytooccur,andwhatnewopportunitiesforpharma- cological investigation and targeting of human disease are likely to arise in the coming decade. David Goldstein, Dan O’Connor, Esther Sabban, and David Sibley sacrificed considerable time and effort in the organization of the XICS, for which the catecholamine field owes them a considerable debt. I also acknowledgethemassilentpartnersintheeditingofthisvolume,completed undertheauspicesoftheSeriesEditorS.J.Enna,andtheguidanceandassis- tance of the Editorial Manager Lynn LeCount. LEE E. EIDEN Volume 68 Editor CONTRIBUTORS FrancescArtigas DepartmentofNeurochemistryandNeuropharmacology,IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona,andCentrodeInvestigacio´nBiome´dicaenReddeSaludMental(CIBERSAM), ISCIII,Madrid,Spain GautamK.Bandyopadhyay DepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoCalifornia,USA AlessandroBartolomucci DepartmentofIntegrativeBiologyandPhysiology,UniversityofMinnesota,Minnesota, USA IlariaBonoldi DepartmentofPsychosisStudies,InstituteofPsychiatry,King’sCollegeLondon;Psychiatric ImagingGroup,MRCClinicalSciencesCentre,ImperialCollege,HammersmithHospital, London,UnitedKingdom,andSectionofPsychiatry,DepartmentofBrainandBehavioural Sciences,UniversityofPavia,Pavia,Italy RicardoBorges PharmacologyUnit,MedicalSchool,UniversityofLaLaguna,Tenerife,Spain Anal´ıaBortolozzi DepartmentofNeurochemistryandNeuropharmacology,IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS;Centrode Investigacio´nBiome´dicaenReddeSaludMental(CIBERSAM),ISCIII,Madrid,and Institutd’InvestigacionsBiome`diquesAugustPiiSunyer(IDIBAPS),Barcelona,Spain GabrielleD.Briggs SchoolofBiomedicalSciencesandPharmacy,FacultyofHealthandHunterMedical ResearchInstitute,UniversityofNewcastle,Callaghan,NSW,Australia MirnelaByku DepartmentofPharmacologicalandPhysiologicalScience,SaintLouisUniversitySchoolof Medicine,St.Louis,Missouri,USA Yin-HsiuChien DepartmentofPediatricsandMedicalGenetics,NationalTaiwanUniversityHospitaland NationalTaiwanUniversityCollegeofMedicine,Taipei,Taiwan LynetteC.Daws DepartmentofPharmacology,andDepartmentofPhysiology,UniversityofTexasHealth ScienceCenteratSanAntonio,SanAntonio,Texas,USA PhilippeDeDeurwaerde`re InstituteofNeurodegenerativediseases,CNRSUMR5293,UniversityofBordeaux, Bordeaux,France xvii xviii Contributors PhillipW.Dickson SchoolofBiomedicalSciencesandPharmacy,FacultyofHealthandHunterMedical ResearchInstitute,UniversityofNewcastle,Callaghan,NSW,Australia NataliaDominguez PharmacologyUnit,MedicalSchool,UniversityofLaLaguna,Tenerife,Spain LeeE.Eiden SectiononMolecularNeuroscience,LaboratoryofCellularandMolecularRegulation, NationalInstituteofMentalHealthIntramuralResearchProgram,Bethesda,Maryland, USA GraemeEisenhofer DepartmentofClinicalChemistryandLaboratoryMedicine,UniversityHospitalCarl GustavCarusDresden,DresdenUniversityofTechnology,Dresden,Germany AndrewC.Emery SectiononMolecularNeuroscience,LaboratoryofCellularandMolecularRegulation, NationalInstituteofMentalHealthIntramuralResearchProgram,Bethesda,Maryland, USA RyojiFukabori DepartmentofMolecularGenetics,InstituteforBiomedicalSciences,FukushimaMedical UniversitySchoolofMedicine,Fukushima,Japan DavidS.Goldstein ClinicalNeurocardiologySection,ClinicalNeurosciencesProgram,DivisionofIntramural Research,NationalInstituteofNeurologicalDisordersandStroke,NationalInstitutesof Health,Bethesda,Maryland,USA JulieG.Hensler DepartmentofPharmacology,UniversityofTexasHealthScienceCenteratSanAntonio, SanAntonio,Texas,USA CourtneyS.Holmes CatecholamineResourceUnit,SectionofClinicalNeurocardiology,NationalInstituteof NeurologicalDisordersandStroke,NationalInstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,Maryland,USA DaigoHomma DepartmentofLifeScience,GraduateSchoolofBioscienceandBiotechnology,Tokyo InstituteofTechnology,Yokohama,Japan O.D.Howes DepartmentofPsychosisStudies,InstituteofPsychiatry,King’sCollegeLondon,and PsychiatricImagingGroup,MRCClinicalSciencesCentre,ImperialCollege, HammersmithHospital,London,UnitedKingdom Wuh-LiangHwu DepartmentofPediatricsandMedicalGenetics,NationalTaiwanUniversityHospitaland NationalTaiwanUniversityCollegeofMedicine,Taipei,Taiwan HiroshiIchinose DepartmentofLifeScience,GraduateSchoolofBioscienceandBiotechnology,Tokyo InstituteofTechnology,Yokohama,Japan Contributors xix KeiichiItoi LaboratoryofInformationBiology,GraduateSchoolofInformationSciences,and DepartmentofNeuroendocrinology,GraduateSchoolofMedicine,TohokuUniversity, Sendai,Japan StephenG.Kaler MolecularMedicineProgram,EuniceKennedyShriverNationalInstituteofChildHealthand HumanDevelopment,Bethesda,Maryland,USA YokoS.Kaneko DepartmentofPhysiology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi, Japan ArshadM.Khan UTEPSystemsNeuroscienceLaboratory,NeuroscienceandMetabolicDisordersUnit, BorderBiomedicalResearchCenterandDepartmentofBiologicalSciences,Universityof Texas,ElPaso,Texas,USA KazutoKobayashi DepartmentofMolecularGenetics,InstituteforBiomedicalSciences,FukushimaMedical UniversitySchoolofMedicine,Fukushima,Japan YuKodani DepartmentofPhysiology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi, Japan WouterKoek DepartmentofPharmacology,andDepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofTexasHealth ScienceCenteratSanAntonio,SanAntonio,Texas,USA KazunaoKondo DepartmentofPharmacology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Japan RichardKvetnansky InstituteofExperimentalEndocrinology,SlovakAcademyofSciences,Bratislava,Slovak Republic Ni-ChungLee DepartmentofPediatricsandMedicalGenetics,NationalTaiwanUniversityHospitaland NationalTaiwanUniversityCollegeofMedicine,Taipei,Taiwan XiaojiongLu UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,SanDiego,California,USA HeatherMacarthur DepartmentofPharmacologicalandPhysiologicalScience,SaintLouisUniversitySchoolof Medicine,St.Louis,Missouri,USA SushilK.Mahata VASanDiegoHealthcareSystemandUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,California,USA Le´aMilan InstituteofNeurodegenerativediseases,CNRSUMR5293,UniversityofBordeaux, Bordeaux,France xx Contributors KeijiMori DepartmentofPhysiology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi, Japan Shin-ichiMuramatsu DivisionofNeurology,DepartmentofMedicine,JichiMedicalUniversity,Tochigi,Japan JessicaMurray DepartmentofPharmacologicalandPhysiologicalScience,SaintLouisUniversitySchoolof Medicine,St.Louis,Missouri,USA TomrisMustafa SectiononMolecularNeuroscience,LaboratoryofCellularandMolecularRegulation, NationalInstitutesofMentalHealth,Bethesda,Maryland,USA HiroshiNagasaki DepartmentofPhysiology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi, Japan ToshiharuNagatsu DepartmentofPharmacology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake, Aichi,Japan AkiraNakashima DepartmentofPhysiology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi, Japan SylviaNavailles InstituteofNeurodegenerativediseases,CNRSUMR5293,UniversityofBordeaux, Bordeaux,France KayoNishizawa DepartmentofMolecularGenetics,InstituteforBiomedicalSciences,FukushimaMedical UniversitySchoolofMedicine,Fukushima,Japan TakahideNomura DepartmentofPharmacology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Japan DanielT.O’Connor DepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiegoCalifornia,USA ShinjiOhara DepartmentofNeurology,MatsumotoMedicalCenter,Matsumoto,Japan AkiraOta DepartmentofPhysiology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi, Japan KarelPacak PrograminReproductiveandAdultEndocrinology,EuniceKennedyShriverNational InstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment(NICHD),NationalInstitutesofHealth, Bethesda,Maryland,USA Contributors xxi NanQin DepartmentofClinicalChemistryandLaboratoryMedicine,UniversityHospitalCarl GustavCarusDresden,DresdenUniversityofTechnology,Dresden,Germany SusanRichter DepartmentofClinicalChemistryandLaboratoryMedicine,UniversityHospitalCarl GustavCarusDresden,DresdenUniversityofTechnology,Dresden,Germany MartinK.-H.Schafer InstituteofAnatomyandCellBiology,Philipps-UniversityMarburg,Marburg,Germany CoreyB.Smith DepartmentofPhysiologyandBiophysics,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland, Ohio,USA ChihoSumi-Ichinose DepartmentofPharmacology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Japan MichaelV.Ugrumov InstituteofDevelopmentalBiologyandCentreforBrainResearch,RussianAcademyof Sciences,andInstituteofNormalPhysiologyRAMS,Moscow,Russia RitaJ.Valentino DepartmentofNeuroscience,ThomasJeffersonUniversity,FarberInstitutefor Neurosciences,andChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA ElisabethJ.VanBockstaele DepartmentofNeuroscience,ThomasJeffersonUniversity,FarberInstitutefor Neurosciences,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,USA AlanG.Watts TheCenterforNeuroMetabolicInteractionsandTheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences, USCDornsifeCollegeofLetters,Arts,andSciences,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,Los Angeles,California,USA EberhardWeihe InstituteofAnatomyandCellBiology,Philipps-UniversityMarburg,Marburg,Germany ThomasC.Westfall DepartmentofPharmacologicalandPhysiologicalScience,SaintLouisUniversitySchoolof Medicine,St.Louis,Missouri,USA Chun-LianYang DepartmentofPharmacologicalandPhysiologicalScience,SaintLouisUniversitySchoolof Medicine,St.Louis,Missouri,USA MichaelG.Ziegler UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,SanDiego,California,USA CHAPTER ONE Intracellular Stability of Tyrosine Hydroxylase: Phosphorylation and Proteasomal Digestion of the Enzyme Akira Nakashima*,1, Yoko S. Kaneko*, Yu Kodani*, Keiji Mori*, * † * Hiroshi Nagasaki , Toshiharu Nagatsu , Akira Ota * DepartmentofPhysiology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi,Japan †DepartmentofPharmacology,FujitaHealthUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Toyoake,Aichi,Japan 1Correspondingauthor:e-mailaddress:[email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. Phosphorylation 5 3. ProteasomalDigestionoftheEnzyme 6 4. Conclusion 8 ConflictofInterest 10 Acknowledgments 10 References 10 Abstract Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catechol- amines, isa key protein involved in thepathogenesis ofneurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Elucidation of the mechanisms regulating the synthesis, degradation,andactivityofTHshouldbeafirsttargetinordertounderstandtherole ofthisenzymeinpathogenesis.Recently,severalreportssuggest thattheubiquitin– proteasome pathway is a prerequisite for the degradation of TH and that the N-terminalpartofTHplaysacriticalroleinthedegradation.Inthisreport,wepropose themechanismbywhichtheN-terminalpartofTHregulatesthedegradationofthis enzyme. Moreover, we integrate our findings with recent progress in other areas of THregulation. AdvancesinPharmacology,Volume68 #2013ElsevierInc. 3 ISSN1054-3589 Allrightsreserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-411512-5.00001-4
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