A new cyprinid fish, Hampala salweenensis, from the Mae Pai River system, Salween Basin, Thailand

8 Pages·1994·5.3 MB·

Japan. J. Ichthyol.
40 (4): 405-412, 1994 魚 類 学 雑 誌
40 (4): 405-412, 1 9 94
A New Cyprinid Fish, Hampala salweenensis
, from the Mae Pai River
System, Salween Basin, Thailand
Atsushi Doi and Yasuhiko Taki
Laboratory of Ichthyology, Tokyo University of Fisheries
, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan
(Received April 14, 1993; in revised form September 16, 1993; accepted September 18 , 1993)
Abstract A new cyprinid fish, Hampala salweenensis , is described from three specimens collected from
the Mae Pai River system, Mae Hong Son , northwestern Thailand. The species is distinguishable from its
congeners by the combination of the following characters: total lateral line scales 26-27; two roundish
black blotches on body side; upper and lower edges of caudal fin with a black marginal band
.
The cyprinid genus Hampala Bleeker, 1859-1860 were defined as those without haemal spines; the
has been known to be represented by five species all second and third vertebrae were counted separately .
occurring in Southeast Asia, i.e., Hampala macro- The specimens used for the present study belong to
lepidota (Valenciennes, 1842 in Cuvier and Valen- the following institutions: California Academy of
ciennes, 1842; including H. m. sabana Inger et Chin , Sciences (CAS); Institute for Breeding Research ,
1962 as a subspecies), H. ampalong (Bleeker , 1852), Tokyo University of Agriculture (IBRP); Institute
H. bimaculata (Popta, 1905), H . lopezi Herre, 1924 of Taxonomic Zoology, University of Amsterdam
and H. dispar Smith, 1934 (Weber and de Beaufort , (ZMA); Museum of Fisheries, Kasetsart University,
1916; Herre, 1924; Smith, 1945). They are close to Bangkok (KUMF); National Museum of Natural
each other in external morphological characters but History, Leiden (RMNH); National Science
distinguishable primarily by their color patterns . Museum, Tokyo (NSMT); The Natural History
During our field surveys in Thailand in 1989 and Museum, London (NHM).
1991, we obtained three specimens of Hampala
which resembled insular Southeast Asian H . ampa-
long and H. bimaculata in color patterns rather than Hampala salweenensis sp. nov.
continental Southeast Asian H. macrolepidota and
(Figs. 1, 2)
H. dispar. Subsequent comparisons with the five
known species have warranted the description of a Holotype. NSMT-P 35838, 200 .6 mm standard length
new species. (SL), Mae Surin River (a branch of the Mae Pai River), at
Ban Huei Phan, Mae Hong Son, northwestern Thailand
,
ec. 1991.
Methods
Paratypes. NSMT-P 35839, 127.6mm SL, locality and
data as for the holotype; KUMF 2959, 197 .6mm SL, Mae
Methods for counts and measurements largely fol-
Pai River, near Mae Hong Son Fisheries Station
, Mae
lowed Hubbs and Lagler (1947). For counting the ong Son, northwestern Thailand, 6 Aug. 1989 .
scale counts above and below the lateral line
, the
scale immediately in front of the insertion of the Diagnosis. A species of Hampala distinguishable
dorsal, anal and pelvic fins was counted as one-half . from its congeners by the combination of the follow-
Length of the upper and lower caudal fin lobes was ing characters: lateral line scales 26-27; two roundish
measured as a straight distance from the base of the black blotches on both body sides
, one on flank
middle caudal ray to the tip of the upper and lower beneath dorsal fin origin and above lateral line
, the
lobes. Total lateral line scale count was represented other on caudal peduncle crossing lateral line; upper
by the total number of pored scales . Radiographs and lower edges of caudal fin with a black marginal
were used to count vertebrae. Abdominal vertebrae band.
―4 0 5 ―
A. Doi & Y. Taki
Fig. 1. Hampala salweenensis sp. nov., NSMT-P 35838, holotype, 200.6mm SL, from the Mae Surin River (a
branch of the Mae Pai River), at Ban Huei Phan, Mae Hong Son, northwestern Thailand.
Fig. 2. Above-Hampala salweenensis sp. nov., 200.6mm SL (NSMT-P 35838); middle-H. ampalong, 111.5
mm SL (NHM 1866.5.2:112); below-H. bimaculata, 152.3mm SL (NHM 1983.6.20:4).
Description. In the following description, mean occiput 20.4% (20.4-20.5%) SL. Snout pointed, its
values for the three specimen are given first, followed length 36.7% (35.6-37.3%) of head length (HL)
in parenthesis by ranges. and slightly dented around nostril region. Eyes
Body moderately compressed; width 17.2% (16.2- situated in dorsal half of head. Orbit diameter
17.8%) of SL; greatest depth at origin of dorsal fin 19.7% (17.9-22.9%) of HL. Postorbital length
49.3% (48.0-50.7%) of HL. Interorbital width
ray, 30.5% (29.7-31.6%) of SL. Head large; its
length 31.0% (30.8-31.2%) of SL and its depth at 34.0% (33.0-34.8%) of HL. Mouth large, deeply
―4 0 6 ―
A New Cyprinid from Thailand
Fig. 3. Above-Hampala dispar, 191.8 mm SL (NSMT-P 31975); middle-H. macrolepidota , 180.0 mm SL
(NSMT-P 35841); below -H. lopezi, 100.6mm SL (CAS 138090).
Fig. 4. Geographic distribution of genus Hampala. (cid:129)£, H. ampalong; (cid:129)¡ H. bimaculata; (cid:129)› , H. dispar; (cid:129)¥, H.
lopezi; (cid:129)œ H. macrolepidota; (cid:129)š, H. salweenensis. Data source from the examined specimens, Day (1876-
1878), Weber and Beaufort (1916), Herre (1924), Fowler (1934, 1935 , 1937, 1941), Pellegrin and Fang
(1940), Smith (1945), Inger and Chin (1962), Taki (1974), Kottelat (1985), Mai and Nguyen (1988) and
Roberts (1989).
― 4 0 7 ―
A. Doi & Y. Taki
Table 1. Meristic
Table 2. Morohometric
― 4 0 8 ―
A New Cyprinid from Thailand
characters of six Hampala species
characters of six Hampala species
― 4 0 9 ―
A. Doi & Y. Taki
cleft, its corner extending to a vertical line from tion, encompassing the Indochinese Peninsula,
anterior border of eye. A pair of maxillary barbels Malay Peninsula and Greater Sunda Islands (Fig.
4a). H. dispar and H. salweenensis are continental in
present; length of the barbel 81.2% (52.7-108.9%)
of orbital diameter. distribution, but their distributions are confined to
Dorsal fin size moderate, with four simple rays and small ranges, the middle Mekong for the former and
eight branched rays. Anal fin with three simple rays the Salween basin for the latter (Fig. 4b). The dis-
and five branched rays. Pectoral fin with pectoral fin tribution of H. dispar falls within that of H. macro-
rays counts 15.3 (15-16). Pelvic fin with 9 rays. lepidota, whereas H. salweenensis is not sympatric
Proximal half of last simple dorsal fin ray osseous, with either of these two species, though its range
with small denticles, its distal half not osseous, seg- adjoins that of H. macrolepidota. H. ampalong and
mented; last simple dorsal fin ray length 21.1% H. bimaculata are distributed in the Greater Sunda
Islands: the former in Sumatra and western Borneo,
(20.5-21.7%) of SL. Last simple anal fin ray non-
osseous, its length 15.6% (14.5-16.5%) of SL. and the latter in western, northern and eastern
Origin of dorsal fin about midway between tip of Borneo (Fig. 4b). H. lopezi has been recorded solely
snout and base of caudal fin and slightly in advance from Busuanga Island, Philippines, an island in the
of insertion of pelvic fins. Predorsal length 53.0% island-chain connecting north Borneo and the Philip-
(52.9-53.2%) of SL, prepelvic length 53.1% (53.0- pine Archipelago (Fig. 4b).
53.1% ) of SL and preanal length 76.2% (75.7- These six species are very similar in meristic and
76.8%) of SL. morphometric characters, no character alone clearly
Lateral line complete; decurved downward, run- distinguishing them from each other unless com-
ning on lower side of trunk and on middle of caudal bined with color patterns (Figs. 2 and 3; Tables 1
peduncle. Scales large. Lateral line scales 24.3 (24- and 2).
25), two scales on caudal fin base. Predorsal scales When the adult coloration of H. salweenensis is
10.3 (10-11). Scales above lateral line to dorsal compared with continental Southeast Asian species,
origin 4.2 (3.5-4.5); scales below lateral line to anal i.e., H. dispar and H. macrolepidota, H. salweenensis
origin 3.5; scales below lateral line to pelvic insertion approaches H. macrolepidota in having black
2.5. Circumpeduncular scales 12. marginal stripes along the upper and lower edges of
Gill rakers small, canine-like, coarsely set, number the caudal fin. However, H. salweenensis differs from
1.3 (1-2) on upper limb, 10 on lower limb. the two species in having two blotches on the body
Color in alcohol. -Back dark, grayish brown; belly side, one under the dorsal fin and the other on the
brownish white. Scales with black margin except for caudal peduncle. During the juvenile stage, H.
abdominal surface. Two large black blotches on dispar and H. macrolepidota have an ill-defined cross
both body sides; one on flank (above 9th–lOth lateral bands on the caudal peduncle and a thin cross band
line scale in NSMT-P 35838; above 10th-1 lth in along the caudal fin base, but these markings disap-
NSMT-P 35839 and KUMF 2959), the other on pear with growth (Fowler, 1937; Taki and Kawa-
caudal peduncle (on 20th-21st scale in NSMT-P moto, 1977). The smallest specimen of H. macro-
35838; on 21st-22nd in NSMT-P 35839 and KUMF lepidota and of H. dispar examined in the present
2959). Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins pail whitish study, 71.8mm SL and 100.4mm SL respectively,
brown. Frontal edge of dorsal fin black, dorsal fin had no markings on the posterior part of the body.
rays pail black. Upper and lower edges of caudal fin H. dispar has no distinct marginal bands on the
with a black band, caudal fin rays pale black. caudal fin throughout its life history.
In addition to the differences in coloration, H.
Etymology. The name salweenensis refers to the salweenensis differs from H. macrolepidota in lower
distribution of this species, the only member of the limb gill-raker count (10 in the former and 8-9 in the
latter), and from H. dispar in the length of the last
genus known from the Salween basin.
simple anal ray (14.5-16.5% of SL vs. 11.2-14.7%
of SL), snout length (35.6-37.3% of HL vs. 29.9-
Comparison 31.7% of HL) and postorbital length (48.0-50.7%
of HL vs. 52.4-56.7% of HL).
Of the six species of Hampala (Figs. 2 and 3), H. Hampala salweenensis is similar to the two species
macrolepidota has the largest geographic distribu- from Sunda Islands, i.e., H. ampalong and H. bimac-
― 4 1 0 ―
A New Cyprinid from Thailand
ulata, in having two blotches on the body side. 112, 1, 111.5, East Indian Archipelago; ZMA 120.777, 6,
However, H. salweenensis has fewer total lateral line 79.6-125.9, Batang Hari, Djambi, Sumatra, 23 Apr.
1909.
scales than H. ampalong (26-27 in the former and
Hampala bimaculata RMNH 7613, 3, 99.8-110.9,
28-31 in the latter). Further, the following mor-
Howong, Borneo, Aug. 1898; RMNH 7614, 4, 72.4-
phometric characters show differences between H. 113.9, Bo, Borneo, May-Aug. 1900; RMNH 7615 , 3,
salweenensis and H. ampalong: length of last simple 73.5-101.4, Kajan, Borneo, Sept.-Oct. 1900; NHM
dorsal ray (20.5-21.7% of SL vs. 22.4-24.8% of 1978.3.20:66, 1, 247.0, S. Tutoh, S. Uoong, Sarawak,
Borneo, 20 Mar. 1978; NHM 1978.9.5: 14, 1, 122.4,
SL), length of lower caudal fin lobe (28.7-31.2% of
Camp 5. Meliau, Sarawak, Borneo, 5 Sept. 1978; NHM
SL vs. 31.7-34.1% of SL) and snout length (35.6-
1978.9.5:15, 1, 91.0, S. Lansar, Sarawak, Borneo, 5 Sept.
37.3% of HL vs. 31.8-34.1% of HL). In the de- 1978; NHM 1982.4.21:1, 1, 230.0, S. Lansar, Sarawak,
scription of IL ampalong, Weber and de Beaufort Borneo, 21 Apr. 1982; NHM 1982.4.21:2, 1, 115.6,
Meliau R., Meliau Gorge, Sarawak, Borneo, 21 Apr.
(1916) stated that "upper and lower margin of
caudal with a faint narrow black streak," but such a 1982; NHM 1983.6.20:4, 1, 152.3, Batang R ., Sarawak,
Borneo, 20 June 1983; NHM 1983.6.20:13-14, 1, 79.8,
streak was not shown in Bleeker (1852, original Batang R., Sarawak, Borneo, 20 June 1983; NHM
description of the species, and 1863-1864), nor was 1983.6.20:97-98, 1, 87.0, Batang R, Sarawak, Borneo, 20
it observed in the specimens examined in the present June 1983.
study. Hampala dispar NSMT-P 31975, 1, 191.8, Tha Bo , Thai-
land, 29 Mar. 1989; NSMT-P 35850, 5, 107.9-123.8,
The color patterns of H. salweenensis and H. bi-
Market at Sung Noen, Khorat, Thailand, 4 Dec. 1991;
maculata, although agreeing in possessing two NSMT-P 35851, 1, 100.4, Haui Mong R. at Ban Dong
blotches on the body side, differ in the shape and Bung, about 7 km NW from Tha Bo, Nongkai , Thailand,
position of the blotches. The blotches in H. bimacu- 11 July 1990.
Hampala lopezi CAS 138090, 5, 58.9-189.7, Barrio San
lata are saddle-shaped, which are forming a circular
Nicolas, Wayan R., Busuanga, Philippines, 21 June 1940.
blotch on each side in large specimens. The anterior
Hampala macrolepidota NSMT-P 35852, 1, 140.0, Market
blotch is situated beneath the dorsal fin origin (above at Phun Phin, Surat Thani, Thailand, 1 Aug. 1990;
10th-11th or less frequently 9th-10th lateral line NSMT-P 35855, 1, 179.4, Boeng Boraphet Channel, in
scales) in H. salweenensis, whereas it is positioned front of Nakhon Sawan Fisheries Station , Nakhon
Sawan, Thailand, 16 Jan. 1992; NSMT-P 35853, 1, 244.6,
below the posterior half of the dorsal fin (on 11th-13
Market at Pak Nam Pho, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand,
th or 12th-14th lateral line scales) in H. bimaculata.
15 Jan. 1992; NHM 1978.3.20:65, 1, 140.9, S. Tutoh,
The two species differ in many proportional charac- Sarawak, Borneo, 20 Mar. 1978; NSMT-P 35854, 1,
ters, i.e. head depth (more than 20.4% of SL in H. 283.3, Boeng Boraphet Channel, in front of Nakhon
salweenensis vs. less than 19.3% in H. bimaculata), Sawan Fisheries Station, Nakhon Sawan, Thailand, 16
Jan. 1992; NSMT-P 35841, 1, 180.0, Boeng Boraphet
predorsal length (less than 53.2% of SL vs. more Channel, in front of Nakhon Sawan Fisheries Station,
than 53.5%), length of the dorsal and anal fin base Nakhon Sawan, Thailand, 16 Jan. 1992; IBRP 4643, 10,
(more than 16.2% and 9.8% of SL vs. less than 71.8-102.8, Nam Kem Stream near its conjunction to the
15.9% and 9.7%) and interorbital width (more than Nam Khon, at Tha Ngon, Laos, 12 Sept. 1970.
33.0% of HL vs. less than 31.7%).
Hampala lopezi is the only Hampala species with a
longitudinal band on the body side and is hence Acknowledgments
readily distinguishable from other species. Further,
the following differences were observed between H. We thank Dr. Hiroshi Kohno, Tokyo University
salweenensis and H. lopezi: head length (less than of Fisheries, for his comments during the investiga-
31.2% of SL in H. salweenensis vs. more than 31.7% tion. Grateful thanks are also due to Dr. Kitjar
in H. lopezi), predorsal length (less than 53.2% of SL Jayen, Dr. Sompong Hiranyawat, Mrs. Jiamjit
vs. more than 54.7%) and interorbital width (more Boonsom of the National Inland Fisheries Institute,
than 33.0% of HL vs. less than 31.4%). Thailand, Mr. Somwang Pimonbutr, Mr. Paibool
Roongpiboolsopit and staff members of the Mae
Hong Son Fisheries Station, Thailand, for their co-
Comparative Materials operation in field collection. We are indebted to the
following persons and institutions for the loan of
Hampala ampalong RMNH 4968, 1 specimen, 89.2mm SL, specimens: Messrs G.J. Howes and P. Campbell
Palembang, Sumatra, date unknown; NHM 1866.5.2: (NHM); Dr. M. J.P. van Oijen (RMNH); Dr. T.
(cid:129)\ 4 1 1 (cid:129)\
A. Doi & Y. Taki
Iwamoto and Mr. D. Catania (CAS); Dr. I.J.H. provisory annotated check-list. Hydrobiologia, 121:
Isbrucker (ZMA); Drs. K. Matsuura and R. Arai 249-279.
Mai, D.Y. and V.T. Nguyen. 1988. Species composition
(NSMT).
and distribution of the freshwater fish fauna of southern
Vietnam. Hydrobiologia, 160: 45-51.
Pellegrin, J. and P.W. Fang. 1940. Poissons du Laos
Literature Cited recueillies par MM. Delacour, Greenway, ed. Blanc.
Description d'un genre, de cinq especes et d'une variete.
Bleeker, P. 1852. Diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 65: 111-123.
of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra. Tiental I- Popta, C.M.L. 1905. Suite des descriptions preliminaires
IV. Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 3: 569-608. des nouvelles especes de poissons recueillies au Borneo
Bleeker, P. 1859-60. Conspectus systematis Cyprinorum. Central par M. le Dr. A.W. Nieuwenhuis en 1898 et en
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 20: 421-441. 1900. Notes Leyden Mus., 25: 171-186.
Bleeker, P. 1863-64. Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orien- Roberts, T.R. 1989. The freshwater fishes of western
tales Neerlandaises. 3. Cyprins. 150pp., pls. 102-144. Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Mem. Calif.
Cuvier, G. and A. Valenciennes. 1842. Histoire naturelle Acad. Sci., 14: xii+210pp.
des poissons, Vol.16. Paris-Strasbourg. xx+472pp., pls. Smith, H.M. 1934. Contributions to the chthyology of
456-487. Siam. J. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. Suppl., 9: 287-325.
Day, F. 1876-1878. The fishes of India; being a natural Smith, H.M. 1945. The fresh-waterfishes of Siam, or
history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh Thailand. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 188: xi+622pp.
waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. London. xx+778 Taki, Y. 1974. Fishes of the Lao Mekong basin. USAID
pp. Mission to Laos, Agric. Div., vi+232pp.
Fowler, H.W. 1934. Zoological results of the third de Taki, Y. and A. Kawamoto. 1977. Differentiation of the
Schauensee Siamese expedition. Part 1. Fishes. Proc. cyprinids, Hampala macrolepidota and H. dispar. Japan.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86: 67-163. J. Icthyol., 24: 61-65.
Fowler, H.W. 1935. Zoological results of the third de Weber, M. and L.F. de Beaufort. 1916. The fishes of the
Schauensee Siamese expedition. Part 6. Fishes obtained Indo-Australian Archipelago. 3. Ostariophysi: II. Cypri-
in 1934. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87: 89-163. nidae, etc. E.J. Brill, Leiden. xv+455pp.
Fowler, H.W. 1937. Zoological results of the third de
Schauensee Siamese expedition. Part 8. Fishes obtained
in 1936. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 89: 125-264.
タイ北西部サルウィン河水系パーイ川から採集されたコ
Fowler, H.W. 1941. Contributions to the biology of the
イ科の1新 種Hampala salweenensis
Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Bull. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 100(13): x+879.
土井 敦 ・多紀保彦
Herre, A.W.C.T. 1924. Distribution of the true fresh-
water fishes in the Philippines. 1. The Philippine Cyprin-
タイ北西部サルウィン河水系パーイ川から採集された3個 体
idae. Philipp. J. Sci., 24: 249-306, pls. 2. の標本にもとづいて,コ イ科の新種Hampala salweenensisを記載
Hubbs, C.L. and K.F. Lagler. 1947. Fishes of the Great した.本 種はHampala属 の他種から全側線鱗数26-27枚,体 側
Lakes region. Univ. Mich. Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan. の2つ の黒斑の存在,尾 鰭上下葉端の黒色バンドの存在の組合
213pp. せにより識別される.
Inger, R.F. and P.K. Chin. 1962. The fresh-water fishes
of North Borneo. Fieldiana Zool., 45: 1-268. (〒108東 京都港区港南4-5-7東 京水産大学魚類学研
Kottelat, M. 1985. Fresh-water fishes of Kampuchea. A 究室)
― 4 1 2 ―