A new Candoninae genus (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from subterranean waters of Queensland, with a cladistic analysis of the tribe Candonopsini

2005·4.7 MB·English

ANEW CANDONINAE GENUS (CRUSTACEA: OSTRACODA) FROM
SUBTERRANEAN WATERS OF QUEENSLAND, WITH A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF
THE TRIBE CANDONOPSINI
VANAKARANOVIC
I
Karanovic, I. 2005 01 10: A new Candoninae genus (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from
subterranean waters ofQueensland, with a cladistic analysis of the tribe Candonopsini.
Memoirsofthe QueenslandMuseum 50(2): 303-319. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835.
Pioneercandonopsishancockigen.nov.,sp.nov.wascollectedfromsubterraneanwatersof
PioneerValley,Queensland,anditisthefirstsubterraneanostracodfromthisstate.Thenew
genus belongs to the tribe Candonopsini Karanovic, in press b, which also includes
Candonopsis Vavra, 1891, Caribecandona Broodbakker, 1983. and Cubacandona
Broodbakker, 1983. Characteristics of the hemipenis and prehensile palps suggest that
PioneercandonopsisismorecloselyrelatedtothelattertwogenerathantoCandonopsis. A
cladistic analysis based on two sets ofmorphological characters was performed on all 32
species ofthe tribe Candonopsini, with Cryptocandona dudichi (Klie, 1930) chosen as
outgrouptaxon. ResultingcladogramssupportamonophyleticoriginfortheCandonopsini
and close phylogenetic relationship between the new genus and Caribecandona and
Cubacandona. Pioneercandonopsis, newgenus, Candonopsini, Candoninae, cladistic
analysis.
Ivana Karanovic. Western Australian Museum, FrancisStreet, Perth 6000 WA, Australia
(e-mail: [email protected]); 13September2004.
A total of 19 freshwater free-living ostracods relationships between genera. Karanovic (in
are known from Queensland (Sars, 1889; De press a, b) described the Humphreyscandonini
Deckker, 1978, 1979, 1981,1983; DeDeckker& Karanovic, in press a, and Candonopsini
McKenzie, 1981) and all are surface water Karanovic,inpressb.Theformertribeincludes7
inhabitants. The subterranean ostracod fauna of genera known only from subterranean waters of
Queensland iscompletelyunexplored. Recently, thePilbararegion(WA).whilethe Candonopsini
the Queensland Department of Natural encompasses Candonopsis Caribecandona
,
Resources and Mines started an extensive Broodbakker, 1983, and Cubacandona
sampling ofthe subterranean waters ofPioneer Broodbakker, 1983. The new genus from
Valley. I had the opportunity to examine these Queensland is assigned to this tribe.
samples and discovered the new ostracod
described in this paper. This is the first sub- TheCandonopsini contains32 Recentspecies.
terranean ostracod recorded from Queensland Candonopsis is the largest, with 24 species, and
afnrdomiAsusatlsroalitahens1u0bttherorsatnreaacnodwatgeernsu.sThdeesoctrhiebre9d iCsanddiovnidoepdsi(sKas.rasntor.vica,ndinAbpcraensdsonb)opisnitso
genera are from groundwaters of Western Karanovic, in press b. The latter subgenus is an
Australia (Karanovic & Marmonier, 2003; Australian endemicwith 3 subterranean species:
Karanovic,2003a, b, inpressa, b). All 10genera 2 from Kimberley and one from the Murchison
belongtotheCandoninae Kaufmann, 1900. This Region (Karanovic, in press b). Candonopsis s.
esunbdfeammiicl,yphlauss C1a1nedxotnanotpsgiesneVraavrina,Au1s8t9r1a)l,iawi(t10h sstur.btehrarsan5easn&pewcaiteesrsinofAutshteralMiuar,ch4iseonndeRmeigciotno
(Karanovic Marmonier, 2002). Theremaining
an additional 20 genera worldwide.
Candonopsis species are in Europe, South
Initially, the Candoninae was divided into America and Africa. Cubacandona and
tribes Namibcypridini Martens, 1992 with two Caribecandona are less diverse and have more
genera, and Candonini Kaufamnn, 1900 restricted distributions. Cubacandona was
containing 16genera (Martens, 1992).However, represented only by the type species, C. cubensis
discovery ofa highly diverse Candoninae fauna (Danielopol, 1978), from Cuba (Danielopol,
in WA, with striking morphological features, 1978, 1980), but Karanovic (inpressb) assigned
necessitated revisionoftheCandoninaewith the Candonopsisspeciesfrom SouthAmericatothat
aim of better understanding the phylogenetic genus. All3 speciesofCaribecandonaarefound
304 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
in subterranean waters of the West Indies between 2-6mm, and accelerating voltage
(Broodbakker, 1983). between 2-5kV.
Cubacandona and Caribecandona share 3 In the systematics, the length ofall segments
very important morphological characteristics: 2 was measured along the midline, and length
extensions of the lateral lobe of hemipenis, ratios arepresentedbeginningwith theproximal
almost symmetrical prehensile palps and a very segment. Appendage terminology follows
shortterminalsegmentofthemandibularpalp. In Martens (1998), while chaetotaxy ofall limbs
contrast,Candonopsishasonly I extensionofthe follows Broodbakker & Danielopol (1982),
lateral lobe, extremely asymmetrical prehensile revised for the antenna by Martens (1987).
palps and a long terminal segment of the follow Martens’ (1987) terminology except thati
mandibular palp. With respect to these theshortestclawon themaleterminalsegment
is
characteristics, the new genus is more closely considered homologous with the female GM
relatedtotheCentralandSouthAmericangenera claw, while the longest one is homologous with
Gm
thanitisto Candonopsis butsharesseveral setal the female claw. Setae on the third
,
reductionswiththesubgenusAbcandonopsisand thoracopod are labeled according to Meisch
someotherCandonopsiss.stn species.Totestthe (1996), while setae on the antennula are labeled
phylogeneticrelationshipsintheCandonopsini,a accordingto Karanovic(inpressc). Lobesonthe
cladistic analysis was performed. This analysis hemipenis are designated according to
was based on species-level taxonomy, because Danielopol (1969). In front ofthe abbreviations
this is more likely to represent evolutionary tor the setae on the endopodal segments of the
relationships(Walker-Smith & Poore, 2001 and 3rd thoracopodandsetaeonthe 1st thoracopod,
)
included all 32 species ofthe tribe. the letter ‘T’ was added so that they are not
confused with abbreviations for the hemipenis
MATERIALAND METHODS given below.
ABBREVIATIONS,
TAXONOMIC METHODS. Samples were a - lateral lobe on
collected with haul-nets (mesh size 250 or 350 hemipenis; A1 - antennula; A2 - antenna; CBl,
pm) from bores. Haul-nets are actually simple CB2 - setae on the antennular coxobasis; b -
plankton nets ofa different size suitable for the medial lobe on hemipenis; dl, d2, dp - setae on
bore, which can range from 30-180 mm in thebasal segmentofthethird thoracopod; Enl-6
diameter. Weighed nets were lowered down into -endopodalsegmentsoftheantennula; Ena,b,c,
theborewithonebottlescrewedon itsdistalpart d - endopodal setae on the antennula; Exl, 2 -
tn‘hRueomnsbehearBuelonefgdatiltmh7erdsoy.uegA,hnfitomhraeelawssaitweeerrrsecorostltiuanmig.nne,duwsiutahlltyhea -eGlmex2ano,gxptiGohl3d;l,aullLGaV;Mse,t-QaGeMlemoftn--vtaaQhnluetveeeaen;nnntaseMllndnacunllad-aw;msMa;FunuHsdie--bufhumuelri;acg;ah;tR;MVGxLll,.-
ostFroarcoodbssewrevraetidoinsseucntdeedrinthaemilixgthutremiocfrdoissctiolplee,d trihgohrtacvoaploved;; TTea,,TTfa,\TgT.b,ThTdT-hs2e,taTeh3on- stehteaefiorsnt
waterand glycerol (1:1)with fineentomological endopodal segmentsofthe1t,hird thoracopod; Tl,
nmLeeoeiudcnlateesDdM(imLnaSFrakubr0re0i’0gs)ht.mfeiDeidlsidsuecmcotamendpdoaoupbnpsdeenrmdviaecgdreoussswicneogrpeea o-T2fm,etdThi3eal-afnsitersettna,ensaoe;ncoWtnhdea-snewdciotdhntidhr;detnWhdooArpaoMcdoapl-odsWsee;gs1mt1ee,rntnt2
with C-plan achromaticobjectives. All drawings Australian Museum; Y, ya, yl, y2, y3 -
woenrethperespaamreed muiscinrgosacodprea.winFgortutbheeatStcaacnhnmienngt aesthetascs;z1,z2,z3-apicalsetaeonthesecond
endopodal segment ofthe antenna.
Electron Microscopy (SEM), soft parts were
taken from theirvalves and then dehydrated in a CLADISTIC METHODS. A total of32 species
graded series of ethanol: 70%, 80%, 95% and oftheCandonopsini are included in thecladistic
100%. In each ofthe grades, soft parts were left analysis, while Ctyptocandona dudichi (Klie,
for about 15 minutes. The carapace was kept in 1930) was chosen as an outgroup taxon.
the 100% ethanol for only a few minutes. After According to Ba tanas et al. (2000),
I
that,thesoftpartsandcarapaceweremountedon Ctyptocandona Kaufmann, 1900 represents a
aSEMstubusingdouble-sidedadhesivetape.All primitive lineage in the Candoninae. All known
samples were sputter coated with gold and species of Cryptocandona have the highest
observed under the LEO FEG VPSEM micro- numberofsetae found in the Candoninae on the
scope with in-lens detectors, working distance Al, A2, and all thoracopods, which makes them
A NEW OSTRACOD GENUS FROM QUEENSLAND
305
closely related to the Candonopsini. However, characters. When analysing with the Rachet
the characteristics ofMd, the prehensile palps, Island search the same default parameters were
furca and hemipenis exclude Cryptocandona used,whilefortheHeuristicsearchthefollowing
fromtheCandonopsiniand thegenusisplacedin options were chosen: hold 10000; mult*100;
the Candonini (Martens, 1992). Cryptocandona hold/10.Onalltreesobtainedunsupportedbranches
dudichi was chosen because it was recently were collapsed and characters were optimised
breodtehsscreixbeesdarinedkentaoiwln(.Namiotkoetal., 2001) and using the fast optimisation option in WinClada.
The morphological characters used in this REFERENCESOURCESFORTHEOUTGROUP
analysis were selected from information in the AND INGROUP TAXA (indicates original
literature. Characters were polarised so that the paper is a reference source).
outgroup taxon values all remained zero. This 1. Cryptocandona dudichi (KJie, 1930): Namiotko et
givestheleastincreaseinthelengthoftheoverall
al. (2001);
cladogram (Kitching et al., 1998). The ‘0’ state 2. Candonopsis (Abcandonopsis) aula Karanovic, in
alsomeansaplesiomorphiccharacterstate,while pressb*;
4 ’ means an apomorphy. Unknown or missing
1 3. C. (A.) indoles Karanovic, in pressb*;
valuesarecoded Onlythecarapaceshapeand 4. C. (A.) williami Karanovic & Marmonier, 2002*:
the total number of the Al segments were Karanovic (in pressb);
multistatecharacters (with states0, 1, and 2); all 5. C. (Candonopsis) africana Klie, 1944*: Rome
othercharactersusedinthisanalysiswerebinary. (1962); Martens(1984);
Carapace shape was coded as a non-additive 6. C(C.)anteroarcuata Rome, 1962*;
(representing unordered multistatecharacterasa
7. C. (C.)bouiDanielopol, 1978*: Danielopol (1980);
linkedseriesofbinarycharacter)character,while
tahdeditottiavlenu(mrbeeprreosfesnetgimnegntosrodnerAe1dwamsulctoidsetdataes 98.. CC.. ((CC..))dbaujnuikKuaernsainsovLiocft&ierM,a1r9m6o8n*ier, 2002*;
10. C. (C.) hummelincki Broodbakkcr, 1983*;
characterasalinkedscriesofbinarycharacters).
11. C. (C.) kingsleii (Brady and Roberston, 1870):
Two data matrices were created, characters Petkovski (1977)
coded, optimised and weighted using the 12. C. (C.)kimberleyiKaranovic&Marmonier,2002*;
computer program WinClada, version 1.00.08 13. C. (C.)mareza karanovic &Petkovski, 1999*;
(Nixon, 2002), and then analyzed using NONA, 14. C. (C.) murchisoni Karanovic &Marmonier,
version 2 (Goloboff, 1999). All 24 characters 2002*;
from the first data matrix were analyzed as 15 C. (C.) nama Daday, 1913*;
.
equally weighted, using the heuristic and the 16. C. (C.)navicula Daday, 1910*: Klie(1935); Rome
Rachet Island Hopper searches with the (1962); Karanovic(inpressb);
WinClada default parameters. For the heuristic 17. C. (C.)putealis Klie, 1932*;
search the default parameters are: hold 100; 18. C. (C.) scourfieldi Brady, 1910: Petkovski &
mult*l; hold/1 (hold 100 trees in memory, Meisch (1995);
perform tree bisection andreconstruction (TRB) 19. C. (C.)solitariaVavra, 1895*: Klie(1936)
branch swapping on 1 random additional 20. C. (C.) sumatrana Klie, 1932*: Harding (1962);
replicates and hold 1 starting tree in memory). Victor& Fernando(1978); Karanovic (inpressb);
For the Rachet Island Hopper search the default 21. C. (C.) tenuis (Brady, 1886)*: Sars (1896);
parametersare: 200 replications; 1 treetohold; 3 Karanovicand Marmonier(2002);
characters tosample; 10 random constraint level 22. C. (C.)thienemanniSchafer, 1945*;
and amb-poly= amlv collapses a branch ifthe
( 23. C. (C.)trichotaSchafer, 1945*;
ancestor and descendant have different states
under same resolutions ofmultistate characters 2245.. CC.. ((CC..))wuersmtialuasetrGaulpitean,sis19K8a8r*a;novic& Marmonier,
or of poly=treats trees as collapsed).
tCwoheairgtahhectteedcrhssaortaihncatttethrhesehsifegrchoeomsntd0w-ed1ia5gt.hatT(m1ah)torwsiaexsgwwieevrreeen 26.2Da0Cn0ui2eb*la;ocpaolnd(o19n8a0);cuBbreonosdibsak(kDcarni(e1l9o8p3)o;l, 1978*):
characters of the tribe, genera, subgenera, and 27. C. anisitsi(Daday, 1905)*: Klie(1930);
some characters of the species groups. 28. C. columbiensis(Mehes, 1913)*;
Characters 16-27 were weighted 0.75, majority 29. C.falclandica (Vavra, 1898)*;
ofthese are homoplastic. The lowestvalue (0.5) 30. Caribecandona trapezoidea Broodbakker, 1983*;
wasgiventothecharactersfrom28-33, i.e. tothe 31. C. auriculariaBroodbakker, 1983*;
carapace shape and to the almost all ambiguous 32. C. ansa Broodbakkcr, 1983*.
306 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG 1. Pioneercandonopsishancockigen. et sp. nov. A, G, H, Holotype (<3); B-F, Allotype (9). A, carapace,
lateralviewfromtheleftside;B,carapace,lateralviewfromtheleftside;C,LV,internalview;D,Mxlpalpand
threeendites; E, Tl; F,rake-likeorgan; G, leftprehensilepalp; H, rightprehensilepalp. Scales=0.1mm.
1
A NEW OSTRACOD GENUS FROM QUEENSLAND
307
SYSTEMATICS paratype 6 (dissectedonslide,WAMC33460);paratype
FamilyCANDONIDAE Kaufmann, 1900 p6araantdyp2epa<3r,at3yppear$at(yalpleon9SaEnMds1t5ub,juWveAniMlesC3(3n4a6u1p)l;ius1
SubfamilyCANDONINAE Kaufmann, 1900 larvae)(allinatesttubein70%ethanol,QMW27257); 1
Tribe CANDONOPSINI Karanovic, in press b plaarrvaatey)p(eall<3i,na2tepstartautbyepien790%aentdhan1o5l,juWveAniMleCs33(4n6au2p)l.ius
Pioneercandonopsis gen. nov. TYPE LOCALITY. Australia, Queensland, Pioneer
TYPESPECIES. Pioneercandonopsishancoddsp. nov. Valley,BoreNo. 125004B, 148°35’24”E; 21°08’39"S;26
June2003;collectorP. Hancock.
ETYMOLOGY. PrefixPioneer(afterthe PioneerValley,
Queensland where the species was collected) and the DESCRIPTION. Holotype (<?). Carapace sub-
genusnameCandonopsis. Genderfeminine. reniform in lateral view (Fig. 1A). L ofcarapace
0.69mm. Dorsal margin evenly arched with
DIAGNOSIS. Carapace subreniform, surface greatest H slightly behind middle, equaling
smooth (Fig. 5A,B). Calcified inner lamella 46.5% of L. Posterior and anterior margins
narrowposteriorly,wideranteriorly. Musclescar broadly rounded, frontal slightly wider. Ventral
imprintstypical forCandoninae,althoughpoorly marginstraight. Innercalcifiedlamellaanteriorly
visible. A1 4-segmented. Segments En2, En3, =26%oftotal L, whileposteriorly=12%oftotal
En4 and En5 fused. Small suture and seta En3a
between En3 and En4. A2 in females with VL.alMvaergsiurnfaalceposrmeooctahn,alscosvheorretd, sotnrlayighwti,thdelnosne.g
4ma-lseesg.meMnatlcedseexnuadlopborids,tlewsh(itl2ean5d-st3e)g.mCelnatwesdGin cspaaursseedbhayirtshe(SsEmaMl,lapnidtsthveisyiabrleenoontcFhiagr.ac5teBrsaoref
and G3 male A2 reduced into setae; zl and z2 the species). Carapace decalcified due to poor
transformed intoclaws, formeroneconsiderably
conservation.
shorter; z3 seta-like (Fig. 5C). Md with 6 rays in
vibratory plate. Md-palp 4-segmentcd; second A/. 4-segmented. Exopod reduced in2verylong
bsuengmcehntintweirtnhally1;speteanuelxttiemrantaellys,eg3m+e2ntsewtiatehi3n esentdaoepo(dEaxll saengdmeEnxt2s)cboomtbhinleodn.geOrntlhyanCBL1ofseatlal
setae extero-distally. Terminal segment of present, while CB2 absent. Endopod of 3
Md-palp with broadly fused central claw (Fig. segments.SegmentsE2,En3,En4andEn5fused.
5D); L:W of same segment equals 1.1:1. Mxl Enl withseta Enla.On fusedsegmentsonlyseta
palpwithrectangularterminalsegment,andwith En3a. Segment En5 with 1 long seta (En5a) 2
6 appendages. T1 with symmetrical palps, short setae (En5b, En5c). External a-seta very
dseubvteelrompienda,l sacnloetrhifeired stvruecrtyursesmatlhlin,aonndlyha1rwdellly wshhoirlte. bToetrhmiEnna6lcsaengdmeEnnt6dwisthhortl.onAgestsheteataEsnc6yba,
visible(Fig.2D).T25-1segmented,basalsegment 3.38 times longerthan terminal segment. L ratio
withoutanyseta.T3 5-segmented;basalsegment ofendopodal segments 1.4:2.6:1.
with all setae (dp, dl and d2); setae Te and Tg A2 (Fig. 2C). Endopod 5-segmented. Exopod of
present,while setaTfmissing; terminalsegment platewith 1longand2 shortsetae. Malesbristles
with2 long(Th2andTh3)and 1 shortseta(Th1). (t2 andt3). ClawsG1 and G3 reduced intosetae:
Fu without posterior seta, anterior setae present former one 3.45 times longer than terminal
(Fig. 5F), both claws present and lonVg. segment, latter one 2.6 times longer than same
Hemipenis with all lobes developed. Lobe segment. Claw G2 1.56 times longer than first
with 2 extensions: 1 dorsal and 1 distal; dorsal endopodalsegment. Setaezl andz2 transformed
much smaller than distal. Lobe fch' small and intoclawsrzl 0.8,whilez2 1.55timeslongerthan
rounded; lobe *b’with 1 ventral, fingerlikepart. firstendopodal segment;z3 seta-likeand2times
Part ‘g’ very poorly sclerified. Zenker’s organ longer than terminal segment. Claw Gm very
with 7 whorls ofspines. Genital field rounded, long, 1.44 times longer than first endopodal
GM
without extensions. segment, only as long as terminal segment.
Aesthetasc Y 0.5 times longer than first
Pioneercandonopsis hancocki gen. et sp. nov. endopodal segment.
(Figs 1-5) Md. Vibratory plate with 6 rays. Palp
ETYMOLOGY. For Peter Hancock, Department of 4-segmented. First segment internally with 2
NaturalResourcesandMineswhocollectedthematerial. long and 1 short plumed setae. Alpha seta not
MATERIAL. Holotype 6 (dissected on slide, QM observed. Secondsegmentinternallywith3setae
W27255),allotype 9 (dissectedon slide,QMW27256); in bunch, plus 1 additional seta, while beta seta
308 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG. 2. PioWneAerMcandonopsis hancocki gen. et sp. nov. A, B, Allotype (9); C, Holotype (<5); D, Paratype (8,
0.71mm, C33460). A,A2; B, Al; C, 3 distal segmentsofA2; D, leftprehensilepalp. Scale=0.1mm.
A NEW OSTRACOD GENUS FROM QUEENSLAND 309
not observed. Externally same segment with Rake-like organ (Fig. IF). With numerous (17
lseta not reaching distal end of penultimate and 18) small teeth.
segment. Third segment of Md-palp Tl (Fig. 1E). WithTbandTdsetaeand3 setaein
extero-distally with 3 subequally long setae; vibratory plate. Setae Ta and Ta‘ not observed.
distally with 2 setae (lof which being gamma Fuandgenitalfield(Fig. 3B). Lratiosofanterior
seta) and 2 setae intero-distally. Terminal
furcal margin,anteriorandposteriorclawsequal
csleagwmebnrtoaaldmloystfuasseldonwgiatshwisdeeg.meTenrtmiannadl,dciesnttarlally aI.n3d:1w.i2t6h:o1u.tClaanywsexsteerrnastieodn.s.Genital fieldrounded
plumed. Terminal segment with one additional
weak claw externally and one seta internally. Al (Fig. 2B); Md (Fig. 3C); Mxl (Fig. ID); T2
and T3 (Fig. 4E) sameas in male.
Mxl. Palp 2-segmented. First segment only
slightly dilated distally, and with 4 setae, all Variability. Except a small variation in the
carapacelength,noothervariabilitywasnoticed.
plumed. Terminal segment rectangular, with 6
appendages: 2 claws and 4 setae. CLADISTIC ANALYSIS
77. Palps symmetrical(Fig. 1G, H); fingers long Using the heuristic search, the computer
and slightly hook-shaped. program NONA produced 5 equally parsimon-
T2 (Fig. 4C). 5-segmented. Basal segment ioustreesaftertheanalysisofthefirstdatamatrix
withoutanyseta. Firstendopodal segmentwith 1 (Table 1). The same results were obtained with
very short seta, 2nd segment bare, penultimate the Rachel Island Hopper search. All trees were
segmentwithonly 1 seta.Terminalsegmentwith 43 steps longwiththeconsistency index, Ci=60,
2 short setae and claw which 1.2 times longer andretentionindex,Ri=79.On3cladograms,the
than3distalsegmentscombined.Clawserrated. Candonopsini wassubdivided into 2 clades: one
containing Cubacandona Caribecandona and
T3. 5-segmented. Basal segmentwithdp,dl and ,
d2 setae. Seta Te present, while seta Tfabsent. Pioneercandonopsis, and supported with
Penultimate segment with seta Tg. Terminal synapomorphies of characters 12 and 23; the
segmentwith2 longand 1 shortseta,Lratiosof3 aotnhderdecfoinnteadinbiyngthalels2y4nasppeocmioerspohfyCoafndcohnaroapcstiesr
setae equal 1:1.7:2.4. All setae terminally
plumed. Endopodalsegments2and3eachwith3 I I.Onesuchtree(Fig. 6)isalsoaconsensustree.
rows offine setae. Tlohneg,stwriictthcCoin=se4n9suasndofRiall=56t7r,eeasndwaist w5a3sstleepsss
Fu(Fig. 3A). Posteriorsetaabsent. Anteriorseta informative. The tree in Fig. 6 clearly defined
verysmalland hardlyvisible. Lratiosofanterior Candonopsis (with both subgenera) and
furcal margin, anteriorandposteriorclawsequal Caribecandona as monophyletic groups.
1.2:1:1. Claws serrated, ramus curved. Furcal Pioneercandonopsis and each of the
attachment(Fig. 4D). Cubacandona species appeared as separate
Hemipenis(Fig.4A). Lobe ‘a’with2extensions: branches (clades) in the Candonopsini.
dorsal 1, finger-like and small, distal 1 big, Characters and their coding corresponding to
rounded and chitinised around margin. Lobe ‘IT theTable 1 matrix areas follows:
vsemnatlrlalalnydwriotuhndsemda.ll,Lofbienge‘rb-*lirkoeunpdaertd. dPoarrstall‘yg,’ 0, surface: smooth (0), ornamented (1); 1, lateral
verypoorly sclerified. Innertubecoiled 2 times, vviieeww:: sLyVm=meRtVric(0a)l, (L0)V,>RasVym(m1e)t;ri3,catlota(l1);nu2,mbdeorrsaolf
ejaculatory process indistinct. segments on Al: seven (0), six (1), four(2); 4, En2a
Zenkersorgan(Fig.4B).Of5+2whorlsofspines. seta: present (0), absent (1); 5, male sexual bristles:
Atpoolilmnoattlyoep,fetsh(ue?b)gr.reenCaiatferosartpmaHc,beuwthLwi=ic0th.h7emmqoumra.lesVp0err.oy4n8os%uimnoicfleadLr osplhrfooenMrsgdte-an(pst1a)G(l;01p7),:,(Gt1a)w2b;osc(e8,l0n)atn,wu(o1im)nnb;efe(e6r,m1a)oz;lfle9ss,se:nettsauahemoboirnentermsraoetlfcheosastnn:rdGolsno1gen(gcg0ml)ea(,0nwa)tss,
(Fig. IB, C) onterminal segmentofMd-palp:two(0),one(1); 10,
A2 (Fig. 2A). Endopod 4-segmented. Three type offusion ofterminal claw on Md-palp: narrow
t-setaepresent.Setazl absent.ClawsG1,G2and (0), broad (1); 11, L:W ratio ofterminal segment of
G3 long, 1.4 times longer than first endopodal Md-palp: less than 3:1 (0), more than 3:1 (1); 12,
GM
segment; 1.3 times longer than first prehensile palps: asymmetrical (0), symmetrical (1);
Gm
endopodal segment, while 5 times longer 13, subterminal sclerified structures on prehensile
than terminal segment. palps: both well developed (0), only one well
310 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG 3. Pioneercandonopsis hancockigen. etsp. nov. A, Holotype (cJ); B, C, Allotype (9). A, Fu; B, Fu and
genital lobe; C, Md. Scale=0.1mm.
ANEW OSTRACOD GENUS FROM QUEENSLAND
311
FIG4. Pioneercandonopsishancockigen. etsp. nov. A-D, Holotype(d); E-F, Allotype(9). A,hemipenis; B,
Zenker’sorgan;C, T2; D, Furcalattachment; E,T3; F,Furcalattachment. Scales=0.1mm.
312 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
FIG. 5. Scanning Electron Microphotographs. Pioneercandonopsishancockigen. etsp. nov. A, B, E, Paratype
(B,9s,e0t.a6o8nmtmh,eWcaArMaCp3ac3e4s6u1rf)a;ceC;,CD,,deFt,aiPlaroaftAy2p;e(D6,,de0t.a7il2mofm,teWrmAiMnaCl3s3e4gm6e1nt).oAf,Mcadrappalapc;eEs,urrfaakcee-,lifkreonotraglanpa;rtF;,
detailofFu. Scales: A=11.2p,m; B=666.6nm;C=4.9p.m; D=3.2p.m; E=3.69p.m; F=5.6|im.
developed(1); 14,basalsetaonT2:present(0),absent (0),reduced(1);22,spinesonfurcalclaws:absent(0),
(1); 15,setaonsecondsegmentT2:present(0),absent present(1);23,numberof‘a’lobeextensions:one(0),
(1); 16, Td2 seta: present (0), absent (1); 17, Te seta: two (1); 24, internal hemipenis ducts: not coiled (0),
present(0),absent(1); 18,Tfseta: present(0),absent coiled(1).
(1); 19,numberofshortsetaeonterminalsegmentT3:
two(0), one(1); 20, posteriorfurcal seta: present (0), The heurisitc analysis of the weighed
absent (1); 21, posterior furcal claw: well developed characters from the second data matrix(Table2)