mm wwfon Pafeffg A NATION OF STEEL , Digitized by the Internet Archive 2014 in http://archive.org/details/nationofsteelmakOOmisa STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY Merritt Roe Smith, Series Editor Experimentwith "hot top" processforcastingsteel ingots at U.S. Steel's GaryWorks, 1926 CourtesyCalumetRegionalArchives, Indiana UniversityNorthwest. A Nat ion o teel THE MAKING OF MODERN AMERICA 1865-1925 Thomas Misa J. THEJOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS BALTIMORE AND LONDON © 1995TheJohns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 1995 Printedin the United StatesofAmericaon acid-free paper 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 95 5 4 3 2 1 TheJohns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland21218-4319 The Johns Hopkins Press Ltd., London ISBN 0-8018-4967-5 LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data will befound attheendofthis book. Acatalogrecordforthis bookisavailablefrom the British Lib For Ruth, who was present at the creation, and Christopher, who has "a thing about trains"