A Monograph of Codonopsis and Allied Genera

272 Pages·2015·75.653 MB·English

by  De-Yuan Hong

A Monograph of Codonopsis and Allied
Genera (Campanulaceae)
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A Monograph of Codonopsis
and Allied Genera
(Campanulaceae)
De-Yuan HONG
State Key Laboratory of Systematic and
Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
In association with
Qiang WANG and Kai-Yu PAN
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD
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Dedication
Dedicated to my parents:
Brave and diligent father, Guan-Hua HONG (1894–1959);
Intelligent and diligent mother, Shi-Ru HU (1901–1971)
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Contents
Codonopsis ovata 74
Synopsis ix
Codonopsis clematidea 78
Preface xi
Codonopsis obtusa 83
Acknowledgements xiii Codonopsis subsimplex 85
Codonopsis campanulata 87
1. I ntroduction: The Taxonomic
Codonopsis alpina 87
History and Questions to be Codonopsis chlorocodon 92
Addressed Codonopsis bhutanica 92
Codonopsis argentea 94
Discoveries in Codonopsis and Allied Genera 1
Codonopsis canescens 96
Circumscription of Codonopsis 4
Codonopsis foetens 99
Systematic Position of Codonopsis and Allied Genera 5
subsp. foetens 99
Taxonomical Revisions of Codonopsis and
subsp. nervosa 102
Allied Genera 6
Codonopsis bulleyana 104
Codonopsis thalictrifolia 107
2. B iology
subsp. thalictrifolia 108
Gross Morphology 9 subsp. mollis 110
Seed Morphology 19 Codonopsis viridiflora 112
Pollen Morphology 30 Codonopsis tsinlingensis 115
Chromosomes 33 SECTION 2. CODONOPSIS 117
Codonopsis pilosula 117
3. S ystematics and Evolution subsp. pilosula 118
subsp. tangshen 123
Circumscription of Codonopsis and its
subsp. handeliana 125
Relationships with Allied Genera 43
Codonopsis hemisphaerica 125
A Three-Tribal Classification System of the
Codonopsis kawakamii 126
Campanulaceae S. S. and the Systematic
Codonopsis bomiensis 126
Position of Codonopsis and Allied Genera 47
Codonopsis deltoidea 131
Evolution and Biogeography of the Cyanantheae 51
Codonopsis rotundifolia 134
Codonopsis reflexa 136
4. T axonomic Revision of Codonopsis
Codonopsis henryi 136
and Allied Genera
Codonopsis affinis 138
Codonopsis Wall. 61 Codonopsis viridis 140
SECTION 1. ERECTAE 65 Codonopsis farreri 143
Codonopsis lixianica 65 Codonopsis benthamii 143
Codonopsis elliptica 66 Codonopsis tubulosa 149
Codonopsis chimiliensis 67 subsp. tubulosa 150
Codonopsis meleagris 68 subsp. vadsea 153
Codonopsis gongshanica 69 Codonopsis microtubulosa 153
Codonopsis subscaposa 70 Codonopsis subglobosa 154
Codonopsis cardiophylla 73 Codonopsis bragaensis 156
subsp. cardiophylla 74 Codonopsis cordifolioidea 157
subsp. megaphylla 74 Codonopsis micrantha 158
vii
viii Contents
SECTION 3. LANCEOLATAE 159 Pseudocodon grey-wilsonii 200
Codonopsis lanceolata 159 Pseudocodon hirsutus 203
Codonopsis ussuriensis 165 Pseudocodon graminifolius 204
SECTION 4. LEPTOCODON 167 Pseudocodon retroserratus 208
Codonopsis gracilis 168 Pseudocodon petiolatus 209
Codonopsis hongii 170 Pseudocodon rosulatus 209
SECTION 5. CAMPANUMOEA 172 Cyclocodon Griff. ex Hook. f. & Thomson 210
Codonopsis javanica 172 Cyclocodon parviflorus 212
subsp. javanica 172 Cyclocodon lancifolius 214
subsp. japonica 177 Cyclocodon axillaris 218
Codonopsis inflata 180 Echinocodon D. Y. Hong 223
Himalacodon D. Y. Hong & Q. Wang 181
Pankycodon D. Y. Hong & X. T. Ma 184
Pseudocodon D. Y. Hong & H. Sun 190 Bibliography 227
Pseudocodon convolvulaceus 191 Index to Specimens Cited 233
subsp. convolvulaceus 192 Index to Botanical Names and Synonyms in
subsp. forrestii 194 Codonopsis and Allied Genera 249
Pseudocodon vinciflorus 197 Index 253
subsp. vinciflorus 198
subsp. dianchuanicus 200
Synopsis
The author has worked on the Campanulaceae s. s. since Codonopsis and its relationships with allied genera, and
1970’s. Recently after he had partially finished his work on created a new three-tribal classification system of the
Paeonia worldwide he has been concentrating his energy on Campanulaceae s. s. The monograph assembles the results
studies of Codonopsis and its allies, which is a group very achieved in the author’s work, and discusses evolution of
controversial among authors in taxonomy and systematics. He the group, particularly the evolutionary trends of characters
and his assistants made expeditions to the Himalaya (S and such as ovary position, fruit morphology, and basic number of
SE Tibet and N Pakistan), to the Hengduan Mountains chromosomes. The major part of the monograph is the taxo-
(NW Yunnan and SW and W Sichuan), and to E Qinghai, nomic revision of Codonopsis and allied genera: Codonopsis
where most members of this group are distributed. During (46 spp.), Cyclocodon (3 spp.), Echinocodon (1 sp.),
the field work they conducted population observations, Himalacodon (1 sp.), Pankycodon (1 sp.), and Pseudo-
population sampling, and collection of materials for codon (8 spp.). It clarifies the relationships between genera
chromosome counting and DNA analyses in addition to and between species, provides an useful key to genera and
collection of vouchers and herbarium specimens. The to species for each genus with more than one species, and
author examined and identified all specimens available in gives a concise but diagnostic description for each species.
27 herbaria. Based on the material collected in the field and Every species is provided with a fine line illustration, and
studied in herbaria they observed gross morphology, seed most species with photos taken in the fields. Specimen
morphology, pollen grains, and chromosomes, and made citation and distribution map are presented for each species.
intensive DNA sequence analyses. As a result, they have Forty-three collections are designated as types (lectotypes,
established three new genera, described seven new species isolectotypes, or neotypes). There is a list of all the herbarium
and two new subspecies, clarified the circumscription of specimens examined and their species designations.
ix