A Military History of China

344 Pages·2012·29.826 MB·English

by  David A. Graff, Robin Higham

A M H C
ILITARY ISTORY OF HINA
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A M H
ILITARY ISTORY
OF
C
H I N A
Updated Edition
Edited by
David A. Graff and Robin Higham
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Copyright © 2012 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre
College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College,
Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University,
Morehead State University, Murray State University,
Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,
and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.
Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky
663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008
www.kentuckypress.com
16 15 14 13 12 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A military history of China / edited by David A. Graff and Robin Higham.
— Updated ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8131-3584-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8131-3638-7 (ebook)
1. China—History, Military. 2. Strategic culture-—China. I. Graff, David Andrew, 1962–
II. Higham, Robin D. S.
DS738.M55 2012
355.00951— dc23
2011050544
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting
the requirements of the American National Standard
for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
Member of the Association of
American University Presses
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C
ONTENTS
List of Maps vii
Preface to the Updated Edition ix
Chronology xi
Editors’ Note xiii
1. Introduction, Robin Higham and David A. Graff 1
2. Continuity and Change, Edward L. Dreyer 19
3. State Making and State Breaking, David A. Graff 39
4. The Northern Frontier, David C. Wright 57
5. Water Forces and Naval Operations, Peter Lorge 81
6. Military Writings, Ralph D. Sawyer 97
7. The Qing Empire, Paul Lococo Jr. 115
8. The Taiping Rebellion: A Military Assessment of Revolution
and Counterrevolution, Maochun Yu 135
9. Beyond the Marble Boat: The Transformation of the
Chinese Military, 1850–1911, Richard S. Horowitz 153
10. Warlordism in Early Republican China, Edward A. McCord 175
11. The National Army from Whampoa to 1949, Chang Jui-te 193
12. The Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1931–1945, Stephen R. MacKinnon 211
13. “Political Power Grows out of the Barrel of a Gun”: Mao and
the Red Army, William Wei 229
14. Always Faithful: The PLA from 1949 to 1989, Dennis J. Blasko 249
15. China’s Foreign Conflicts since 1949, Larry M. Wortzel 267
16. Recent Developments in the Chinese Military, June Teufel Dreyer 285
Chinese Place Names 305
About the Contributors 307
Index 311
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L M
IST OF APS
1.1 Physical Map of China xiv
1.2 Relative Size of China and the Forty-eight
Contiguous U.S. States 3
1.3 China’s Provinces in the Second Half of the
Twentieth Century 5
1.4 A Strong Dynasty: Han circa 100 B.C.E. 7
1.5 A Weak Dynasty: Ming circa 1640 C.E. 7
3.1 China’s Physiographic Macroregions 49
4.1 Eurasian Steppelands 59
8.1 The Taiping Rebellion, Showing Main Area of
Taiping Control in Early 1854 139
10.1 China During the Warlord Period, 1916–1928 181
12.1 China During the War of Resistance, 1937–1945,
Showing Major Railway Lines and Maximum Extent
of Japanese Occupation 221
13.1 The Long March, 1934–1935, Showing the Route
of the First Front Army 241
14.1 China’s Military Regions in the 1970s 257
14.2 China’s Military Regions in the 1990s 257
15.1 China and Its Neighbors 269
vii
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P U E
REFACE TO THE PDATED DITION
It has been nearly ten years since the publication of the fi rst edition of A
Military History of China. During that time, enough has changed to war-
rant the updating of Larry Wortzel’s chapter “China’s Foreign Confl icts
since 1949” and the replacement of June Teufel Dreyer’s chapter “Recent
Developments in the Chinese Military” with an entirely new one by the
original author. With the exception of several small corrections, all the
other chapters remain unchanged from the fi rst edition.
We would like to thank the University Press of Kentucky for giving
us the opportunity to bring out this updated edition, and we express our
particular gratitude to Steve Wrinn, director of the press, and his executive
assistant Allison Webster for their help in bringing this project to fruition.
D. G., R. H.
Manhattan, Kansas
July 2011
ix
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