A Matlab Primer for Technical Programming for Materials Science and Engineering

276 Pages·2020·26.335 MB·English

by  Leonid Burstein

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A MATLAB Primer for
Technical Programming in
Materials Science and
Engineering
®
A MATLAB Primer for
Technical Programming in
Materials Science and
Engineering
Leonid Burstein
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Dedication
Inmemoryof my parents—Matveyand Leda
To my wife Inna,and myson Dmitri
Preface
Scientists, engineers, and students in materials science and engineering (MSE) perform
extensivetechnicalcalculationsandapplycomputersandsomespecialprogramsforthis.
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MATLAB isaverypopularsoftwareusedintechnicalcomputingbecauseofitsefficiency
and simplicity. This book presents a primer in technical programming in MATLAB with
examples from the field of materials science, and addresses a wide MSE audience—
undergraduateandgraduatestudentsandpracticingengineers.ItprovidestheMATLAB
fundamentalswithavarietyofapplicationexamplesandproblemstakenfrommaterials
engineering, physics of materials and properties of substances, and material phenome-
non simulations that should facilitate learning the software language.I hope that many
nonprogrammerstudents,engineers,andscientistsfromMSEfieldwillfindthesoftware
convenient for solving their specific problems.
The book accumulates many years of teaching experience in introductory and
advanced courses in the fields of MATLAB, material properties, and tribology that were
lecturedfor students,engineers, and scientists specializinginthe areainquestion.
Ithank MathWorks Inc.,awhichkindly granted permission to use certain materials.I
am also grateful to the Elsevier Inc.b for permission to use the text, tables, figures, and
screenshots from my previous book “MATLAB in Quality Assurance Sciences” (Amster-
dam—Boston—Cambridge—Heidelberg—London—New York—Oxford—Paris—San
Diego—San Francisco—Singapore—Sydney—Tokyo,2015).
IwouldalsoliketoexpressappreciationtoStephenRifkind,ITARecognizedTranslator,
who edited thebook.
Ihopetheprimerwillproveusefultostudents,engineers,andscientistsinMSEareas
and enablethem toworkwith the availablefine software.
Anyreportsoferrataorbugs,aswellascommentsandsuggestionsonthebookwillbe
gratefullyaccepted bythe author
Leonid Burstein
ORT BRAUDE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, KARMIEL, ISRAEL
aTheMathWorks,Inc.,3AppleHillDrive,Natick,MA01760-2098,UnitedStates.Tel:[phone];
Fax:[phone].E-mail:[email protected];Web:www.mathworks.com.
bThebookwaspublishedbytheWoodheadPublishingthatisanimprintofElsevierInc.,50HampshireSt.,
5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates.Tel:[phone];Fax:[phone].E-mail:
[email protected];Web:https://www.elsevier.com.
ix
1
Introduction
Theworldismaterial:alldifferentnaturalobjects,plants,products,machines,andeven
ourselves, are designed from various materials. Knowledge of the structure of matter as
wellastheabilitytocreatenewandbettermaterialswiththedesiredpropertiesareamong
themostimportantgoalsofsciencesandengineeringingeneralandthescienceofmate-
rialsinparticular.Naturally,inmaterialssciencesandengineering(MSE),asinothertech-
nological areas, calculations and computer modeling are widely used. For this purpose,
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variouskindsofsoftwareareused.Amongthem,MATLAB hasbecomeoneofthemost
widespread and popular in programming for various technical applications. However, a
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student,teacher,orMSEspecialistjustbeginningtousetheMATLAB soondiscoversthat
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eachoftheavailableMATLAB booksisdesignedforawiderangeofspecialistsandthat
thereisnotextbookspecificallyaimedfortheproblemsthatareencounteredintechnical
programmingintheMSEfields.Overall,alargecommunityoftechniciansneedsacon-
cise,comprehensivetextthatiseasytounderstandandprovidesquickaccesstothenec-
essary tool. The presented editionaimsto fill this gap.
1.1 Some history
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The theoretical basics of the MATLAB language were established in the 1970s by the
mathematicianCleveMolerandperfectedbythespecialiststhatjoinedhim.First,thelan-
guagewasorientedtotheadaptationofthemathematicalpackagesofthattime,LINPACK
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and EISPACK. In a short time, MATLAB was considered by students and engineers an
effective and suitable tool not only for mathematical but also for many technical prob-
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lems. The language was rewritten in C. Commercial MATLAB versions have appeared
sincethemid-1980sinthegeneralsoftwaremarket.Byincorporatinggraphicsanddevel-
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opment of the special engineering-oriented means—toolboxes—MATLAB acquired its
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modern outlines. In general, MATLAB is a unique assembly of implemented modern
numerical methods and specialized tools for engineering calculations developed over
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thepastdecades.MATLAB competeswithothersoftwareandhasestablisheditsspecial
placeasthesoftwarefortechnicalcomputations.Withoutgoingintodetail,thefollowing
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factorsand theircombinations provide advantages to MATLAB :
(cid:129) Versatility and the ability to solveboth simple and complex problems with its
easy-to-use facilities;
(cid:129) Highestadaptability to differentareasof engineering and science asreflected in a
significant number ofthe problem-oriented toolboxes;
AMATLAB®PrimerforTechnicalProgramminginMaterialsScienceandEngineering
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819115-6.00001-0
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2 AMATLAB PrimerforTechnicalProgramminginMaterialsScienceandEngineering
(cid:129) Convenience and avarietyof visualization means for generaland specific
problems,e.g.,MSEproblems;
(cid:129) Quick, simpleaccess towell-organized,extensive documentation.
1.2 Purpose and audience of the book
ThepurposeofthisprimeristoprovideMSEstudents,academicians,teachers,engineers,
andscientistswithaguidethatwillteachthemhowtocreateprogramssuitablefortheir
professional calculations and present the results in descriptive, graphical, and tabular
forms. It is assumed that the reader has no programming experience and will be using
the software for the first time. In order to make the primary programming steps and
useofcommandscleartothetargetaudience,theyaredemonstratedbyproblemstaken
from different areas ofmaterials science whenever possible.Among the variety ofavail-
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able software, MATLAB distinguishes itself asthe tool for technicalanalysis and calcu-
lations.Itisrenewedandrefinedinparallelwiththedevelopmentsinmoderntechnology.
Modernmaterialsciencesspecialistsintensivelyusedcomputerswithsomespecialpro-
grams,andthereforeneedauniversaltoolforsolvingspecificproblemsfromtheirarea.
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Thus, the book serves as a guide to MATLAB with examples from the field of material
engineering and is addressed to undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students as
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wellasnonprogrammertechniciansthatwanttomastertheMATLAB programtosolve
problems arisingin their areas.
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MostoftheexistingbooksonthevariousaspectsofMATLAB canberoughlydivided
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intotwokinds:(a)MATLAB programmingbooksand(b)advancedengineering,science,
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ormathematicsbookswithMATLAB -introductorysection/s.Thefirstcategoryassumes
thatthereaderisalreadyfamiliarwithmathmethodsandconcentratesonprogramming
technique. The second category is generally devoted to special subjects on a somewhat
advanced level. This book is different in that it assumes the reader possesses a modest
mathematical background and introduces the programming or technical concepts
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togetherwithatraditionalapproach.MATLAB isthenusedasatoolforsubsequentcom-
putersolutions,applyingittomechanicalandmaterialscienceproblems.Anadditional
distinctionofthebookisitsrelativelycompactsizecombinedwithavarietyofexamples
fromabroadrangeofmodernandclassicalmechanicsandmaterialsciences,whichhelp
solidifythe understanding ofthe presented material.
Inaccordancewith the foregoing, the principalaudiences of the book include:
– Students, engineers,managers,and teachersfrom the academic and scientific
communities in the field ofmaterials science;
– InstructorsandtheirstudentsinMSEstudyprogramcourseswhereMATLAB®isused
asasupplemental but necessary tool;
– Personnel at materials testing laboratories,students, and nonprogrammersusing
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MATLAB ;
Chapter 1 (cid:129) Introduction 3
– Students and participants in advancedMSE courses,seminars, or workshops where
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MATLAB is taught;
– ScientistswhoseektosolveMSE-scientificproblemsandsearchforsimilarproblems
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solvable with MATLAB ;
– Self-instructing readers as ameans ofquickmasteringof MATLAB®for their needs.
Thebookwillalsoservenon-MSEspecialistsasareferenceinnumericalapplicationsthat
requirea computer tool for modeling and solving actual engineering problems.
1.3 About the book topics
Thetopicswereselectedbasedonmorethan20yearsofresearchexperienceand15years
ofteachingexperienceinthefieldsoftribology,materialsandsubstancesproperties,and
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MATLAB . They were presented so that the beginner can progress gradually using only
previously acquiredmaterial as prerequisites foreach new chapter.
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The most important, basic MATLAB features, including the desktop environment,
languagedesign,helpoptions, variables,arithmeticalandalgebraicfunctions andoper-
ations, matrix and array creation and manipulations with their flow chart control, and
conditionalstatements,areintroducedinthesecondchapter.Acommandofthismaterial
enables the reader to write, execute, and display the simple calculations directly in the
commandwindow.
Thethirdchapterpresentsvisualizationmeansbyexamplesofvarioustwo-andthree-
dimensionalplotsrepresentingtheactualcalculations.Understandingthematerialofthe
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secondandthirdchaptersallowsthereadertocreaterathercomplexMATLAB programs
for technicalcalculations and their graphicalrepresentation.
Thefourthchaptershowshowtocreateprogramsintheformofscriptsoruser-defined
functions and then save them as an m-file. The chapter includes the Live Editor, live
scripts,andfunctiondescriptionsanddemonstratestheirusebytheMSE-orientedexam-
ple.Inthis chapter, the supplementary commands forcommon numerical calculations,
such as finding the solution of the equation, inter- and extrapolation, differentiation
and integration, are discussedtogether with examples from the MSEfields.
The fifth chapter presents more advanced topics, including the fitting experimental,
tabular, or theoretical data. Polynomial fitting, fitting by optimization, and the use of
the Basic Fitting interface are described with both single and the multivariate fittings
presented.
Thefinalsixthchapterisintendedformoreadvancedreadersandexplainsthespecial-
ized commands for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs), spatially one-
dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs), and PDE. The modeler interface for
two-dimensionalPDEsisbrieflypresentedwithexamplesrelatedtodiffusion,heattrans-
fer,andwaveequations.Tounderstandthischapter,afamiliaritywithmathematicsona
somewhat higher level is assumed.
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4 AMATLAB PrimerforTechnicalProgramminginMaterialsScienceandEngineering
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Theappendixpresentsasummarycollectionofapproximately200studiedMATLAB
characters, operators,commands, and functions.
The index contains more than 700 alphabetically arranged names, terms, and com-
mandsthat wereimplemented throughout the book.
1.4 The structure of the chapters
Each chapter begins with a general introduction, goals, and chapter content. The new
material,maincommandforms,anditsapplicationarethenpresented.Thecommands
aretypicallyexplainedinoneortwosimpleformswithpossibleusefulextensionsgiven.
Eachtopiciscompletelypresentedinonesectioninordertoallowthereaderstoattainthe
knowledgeinafocusedmanner.Tableslistingtheadditionallyavailablecommandsthat
correspondtothetopic,commanddescription,andexamplesareincludedinthechapter.
Attheendormiddleofthechapter,applicationproblemsassociatedwiththeMSEarea
aresolvedwiththecommandsaccessibletothereader.Thegivensolutionsaretheeasiest
tounderstandbutnotnecessarilytheshortestororiginal.Readerswouldfinditusefuland
areencouragedtotrytheirownsolutionsandcomparetheresultswiththoseinthebook.
Forbetterapplication,thequestionsandproblemsforself-testingaregivenattheend
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ofeachchapter;thefirsttenquestionsareMATLAB -oriented,andallotherexercisesare
relatedtovariousMSEdisciplines.Irecommendsolvingthemtoattainbetterunderstand-
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ing of MATLAB . At the end of each chapter, the answers to some of the exercises are
provided.
Itshouldbenotedthatthenumericalvaluesandcontextsusedinthevariousproblems
of the book are not factual referencedata and serve foreducational purposes only.
1.5 About MATLAB® versions
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Annually, two new versions of MATLAB appear. Although each version is updated and
extended,theyallowworkwithpreviouslywrittencommands.Thus,thebasiccommands
described in this book will remain valid in any future versions. The version used in this
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bookisR2018b(9.5.0.944444).ItisexpectedthatreadershaveMATLAB installedontheir
computer and will be able to perform all the basic operations presented in the book.
1.6 Order of presentation
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ThebookpresentsaMATLAB primerorientedtoanewcomerincomputercalculations,
withthetopicsthenarrangedaccordingly.Nevertheless,ateacherisnotobligatedbythis
order.Forexample,the Editor(Section4.1)canbetaught directlyafter theoutput com-
mands(Section2.1.7)topermitthesimpleprogramcreationsontheearlylearningstages.
Likewise,thematerialregardingcreationofscriptfiles(Section4.1)canbestudiedafter
theinputandoutputcommands(Section2.2)toallowstudentstowritescriptprograms