A Longhouse Fragmented: Ohio Iroquois Autonomy in the Nineteenth Century PDF
Preview A Longhouse Fragmented: Ohio Iroquois Autonomy in the Nineteenth Century
A Longhouse Fragmented A Longhouse Fragmented Ohio Iroquois Autonomy in the Nineteenth Century Brian Joseph Gilley State University of New York Press Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2014 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production, Laurie Searl Marketing, Anne M. Valentine Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gilley, Brian Joseph, 1972– A longhouse fragmented : Ohio Iroquois autonomy in the nineteenth century / Brian Joseph Gilley. pages cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4384-4939-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Iroquois Indians—Ohio—History—19th century. 2. Iroquois Indians—Ohio—Politics and government. 3. Iroquois Indians—Ohio—Social life and customs. I. Title. E99.I7G52 2014 977.1004'9755—dc23 2013003398 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Illustrations / vii Preface / ix Introduction / 1 Chapter One Place-Based Sandusky Histories / 15 Chapter Two Community Maintenance and Midwinter at Sandusky / 31 Chapter Three Representation and Autonomy / 53 Chapter Four Displacing the Longhouse / 73 Chapter Five Refusing Fragmentation / 89 Abbreviations Used in Notes / 113 Notes / 115 Works Cited / 131 Index / 139 Illustrations Figure 1.1 Sandusky Region Settlements and Reserves. Source: Brian J. Gilley and Mary Connors 24 Figure 4.1. Good Hunter, a Warrior. Date: 1872. Artist: George Catlin. Collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Oil on canvas. Size: 211/ x 161/ in. 79 8 2 Figure 4.2. Hard Hickory, an Amiable Man. Date: 1872. Artist: George Catlin. Collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Oil on canvas. Size: 211/ x 161/ in. 80 8 2 Figure 5.1 Neosho Sub-Agency. Source: Brian J. Gilley and Mary Connors 93 vii Preface At the Fiftieth Annual Conference on Iroquois Research in 1995, I found myself among some of the most important people in Native North American anthropology, archaeology, and history. Students with direct intellectual lineages to Franz Boas mingled with fledgling scholars and graduate students such as me. Fortunately, Laurence Hauptman had taken me under his wing, and he ushered me to meet various Iroquois scholars. Unlike the other graduate students, I was encouraged to sit at the dinner table with William Fenton, Floyd Lounsbury, Elisabeth Tooker, and William Sturtevant as well as the equally well-known gen- eration of Iroquois scholars after them. I got to share a six-pack with Dean Snow and Bill Sturtevant in the dormitory of the Rennselaerville Institute, where the conference was held. Only now do I realize how fortunate I was to have access to such outstanding scholars for an entire weekend and how frequently I embarrassed myself with my naiveté and overconfidence in the importance of my own research. I presented a paper on the Seneca-Cayuga of Oklahoma and sought the consultation of Drs. Sturtevant and Tooker, who were among the few living scholars to have conducted ethnohistorical and ethnographic research with the Seneca-Cayuga. During my audience with Sturtevant and Tooker, they summarized what they had written about the community and gave me advice on where to look for documents. However, the spark for my research project came in the last few minutes of our conversation when Sturtevant said, to my best recollection, “Those Western people are not Iroquois as we think of the Six Nations. They have kinship, a longhouse, but they’re not actually Iroquois.” Throughout the weekend of papers and celebrations in honor of the fiftieth conference, a particular idea about what is Iroquois and what qualifies as legitimate Iroquois research began to emerge. ix
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