A large new species of Sylvisorex (Mammalia: Soricidae) from Nigeria and the first record of Sylvisorex ollula from the country

2009·0.95 MB·

by  Hutterer, Rainer

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Bonnerzoologische Beiträge Band 56 Heft 3 Seiten 201-208 Bonn, September2009
A large new species ofSylvisorex (Mammalia: Soricidae) from Nigeria
and the first record ofSylvisorex ollula from the country
Rainer Hutterer & Christian Montermann
Zoologisches ForschungsmuseumAlexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
Abstract.Anew species of shrew, Sylvisorexcorbeti n. sp., is described from SE Nigeria. The only specimen known
waspreviously assignedtoSylvisorexollula,but is considerably larger, has a longertail, elongated hindfeetand avery
large skull andthus representsthe largestspeciesofthegenus. From the Obudu Mountains in SENigeriaanew speci-
men is recorded which agrees well with typical S. ollula from lowlandforest ofsouthern Cameroon, andwhich repre-
sentsthe first speciesrecordfromNigeria.
Keywords.Africa,Nigeria, MambillaPlateau,Sylvisorex,new species.
INTRODUCTION MATERIALAND METHODS
1. 2.
The shrews of Nigeria were reviewed by Hutterer & We studied new material from Nigeria and Cameroon
Happold(1983)whorecorded23 speciesinthreegenera, obtained by G. Nikolaus and M. Barej from 1992 to
including Sylvisorex Thomas, 1904, at that time known 2006 (see below). These specimens are deposited in the
from the country only by Sylvisorex megahira (Jentink, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig,
1888), aspecies sometimes included in the genusSunciis Bonn (ZFMK); other material studied is deposited in the
Ehrenberg, 1832 (Hutterer2005). Huttereretal. (1992) Estación Biológico Donana, Sevilla (CET) and the
added three flirther species from mountain forests in SE Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). Skull
Nigeria, Sylvisorexcamerunensis Heim de Balsac, 1968, measurements were taken with an electronic calliper All
SylvisorexollulaThomas, 1913,andCrociduraattilaDoll- measurements are given in millimetres (mm), and body
man, 1915. Sylvisorex ollula is the largest of the 14 mass in grams (g). The tenninology ofcranial and dental
speciesofthegenusknown sofar(Hutterer2005; Hut- structures follows Meester (1963) and Jenkins (1984);
terer et al. 2009; Mukinzi et al. 2009). It was described external and cranial measurements are the same as
from lowland forest near the River Ja in SE Cameroon previously defined by Stanley et al. (2005) and Kerbis
(Thomas 1904) and isknownalso fromGabon (Brosset Peterhans et al. (2008). The terminology ofthe skeletal
1988; Goodman & Hutterer 2004), Equatorial Guinea elements of the limbs follows Woodman & Morgan
(Lasso et al. 1996), Central African Republic (Ray & (2005). Digital X-rays were made with a Faxitron LX60
Hutterer 1996), Republic of Congo (Querouil et al. machine. The taxonomy of shrews follows Hutterer
2003), andDemocratic Republic ofCongo(Dieterlen & (2005), except for the unsettled allocation of Suncus
Heim deBalsac 1979). Records fromCameroonarerare megalura. For the puipose of this paper we include S.
andconcentratedinthesouthofthecountry(HeimdeBal- niegalura in the genus Sylvisorex.
sac 1968; Goodmanetal. 2001). Tothewest,the species
is known from around Mount Cameroon (Heim de Bal- Comparative material ofS. ollula. Cameroon: ZFMK
sac 1959, 1968)andfromthe KorupNational Park(Hut- 63.190, camp V, above Mueli, northern side of Mount
terer & SCHLITTER 1996). The record from SE Nigeria Cameroon, 600 m; ZFMK 63.533, Nyasoso, N Mount
thereforeappearstobeisolated. However,morespecimens Cameroon; ZFMK99.683, ENkongsamba, MountNlon-
have become available in recent years, both from ako, camp nearNguengue, 1200 m, cloud forest; ZFMK
Cameroon and Nigeria, and we are now in a position to 2008.220,Cameroon, Reg. Mamie, Mukwecha/Araebisu,
re-evaluatethesystematicsofthepopulationsatthenorth- 165 m; ZFMK2008.226, SE Cameroon, Campo Region,
western edge ofthe range ofthe 5. ollula group. Nkoelon, 75 m. Gabon: Equatorial Guinea: CET 736,
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202 Rainer Hutterer & Christian Montermann: A large new species ofSylvisorex fromNigeria
Monte Alen (Lasso et al. 1996); Nigeria: ZFMK 95.70, 3. RESULTS
SW Obudu Mountains, Boje Forest (06.15 N. 08.55 E),
290 m. 3.1.Alarge forest shrew from Nigeria
Sylvisorex corbeti n. sp. (Figs 1, 2, 4, 5)
Holotypeand typelocality. Skinmountedoncardboard
andskull ofayoungadult female(ZFMK88.91), collect-
edbyG. Nikolauson 23.03.1988 (fieldno. GN 60) infor-
est swamp near Chappa Waddi. (07° Ol'N, ll°4rE), I
m
900 a.s.l., Gotel Mountains, SBNigeria. The sexofthe
specimen was previously given as "male" by Hutterer
et al. (1992), but the collector determined it as female.
Measurements ofholotype. Body mass 30 g, head and
body length 100 mm, tail 64 min, hindfoot length 17 mm
without and 19 mm including claws, ear conch 10 mm.
Diagnosis. Avery large and dark blackish brown species
ofSylvisorexwith atotal lengthof164 mm. Tailofmedi-
um length (64 % ofhead andbody length), with no long
bristle hairs. Hindfoot long and narrow, metacarpals and
metatarsals elongated. Skull large androbust, with a long
andwideinter-orbitalregion, abroadinfra-orbitalbridge,
and a long toothrow. Upper P4 with a large parastyl.
Description.Sylvisorexcorbetin. sp. isthelargestspecies
ofthe genus. The head is large, as compared to S. ollula
(Fig. 1). Thecolourofthefurisuniformlyblackishbrown.
The hairbases on the dorsum areplumbeous, andthetips
blackish brown. No difference in colour exists between
dorsum, venter, and limbs. Hairs on dorsum are about 3-
mm mm
4 in length. Facial vibrissae reach 27 in length.
Earconch has a medium size, is roundandpocketed, and
coveredbyvery shorthairs. Hindfootverylongandnar-
row, with elongated digits and short claws (Fig. 2). Ven-
tral inner surface ofhind foot with folds but not covered
by sinall granule-like buinps. Tail of mediutn length,
colour unifomi. no long bristle hairs present.
Skull (Fig. 4)verylargewithalargehexagonal braincase.
Dorsal profile (Fig. 5) straight, rostrum long and robust.
%
Interorbitalconstrictionrelativelybroad(21.2 ofcondy-
%
lo-incisive length, versus 20.7 in 5. ollula), its outer
marginsrunningalmostparallel, hifi'a-orbitalbridgewide,
lachrymal foramen large. Maxillary wide compared to 5.
oUula; zygomatic process ofmaxillary pointed. Superior
and inferior articular facets large and robust. Anterior
palatewith three incisive foramina; onepairbetween the
upper unicuspids. and a single one behind.
Upperteeth: Firstupperincisorverylarge,withalongan-
Fig. 1. Flat study skins ofa Sylvisorex olliila (ZFMK 95,70) terior hook and a less prominent talon (Fig. 5). Firstup-
from Nigeria and ofthe holotype ofSylvisorex corbeti n. sp. perunicuspidveiylarge, second, thirdandfourthunicus-
(ZFMK 88.91). Natural size. pids much smaller, the third being a little larger than the
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Bonnerzoologische Beiträge 56 203
Fig. 2. X-rays ofahindfootofSylvisorexollula (ZFMK2008.226, top) andofSylvisorexcorbetin. sp., (holotypeZFMK 88.91,
bottom); scale is 12.8 mm. Note the difference in lengthofthemetacarpals.
Table 1. External measurements (mm) andweight (g) ofSylvisorexcorbetin. sp. andofsome5. ollula fromNigeriaandCame-
roon.
Species Origin TL HB Tail HF E WT Tail/HB
%
S. corbeti n. sp., Nigeria 164 100 64 17/19 10 30 64
ZFMK
88.91
%
S. ollula, Nigeria 142 90 52 14/15 8 17 58
ZFMK
95.70
S. ollula, NW Cameroon 142 92 50 14/16 8 19 54 %
ZFMK
63.190
S. ollula, NW Cameroon 141 84 57 15/17 20 68 %
ZFMK
69.533
S. ollula, NW Cameroon 131 84 47 14/16 21 56 %
ZFMK
99.683
S. ollula, NW Cameroon 141 88 53 14/15 8 16 60 %
ZFMK
2008.220
S. ollula, ' SE Cameroon 139 83 56 16/17 8 16 67 %
ZFMK
2008.226
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204 RainerHutterer & Christian Montermann: Alarge new species ofSylvisorex from Nigeria
Fig. 3. Sliull of5i7v«o/-f.vollula (CET 736) from Equatorial Guinea in dorsal andventral view. Total lengthofskull24.62 mm.
second and fourth. P4 large, with a prominent parastyle Lowerteeth: Tipoffirstincisorcurvedupwards,withtwo
anda largeparacone(ormetacone, accordingtoMeester denticulations on cuttingblade. Lowerp4as longaswide
1963). The talon ofP4 is longerthan inS. ollula, extend- (occlusal view). Lowerinolarslongandslenderinocclusal
ing closer to Ml than in S.ollula. Ml-2 are large and view; third lowermolar without talonid basin.
square-shaped in occlusal view, M3 is short (0. 69 x 1.56
iTim intheholotype),butnotasreducedasinS. ollula(Fig. Comparisons. S. corheti n. sp. is larger than any other
4). species in the genus, as understood here. It can only be
comparedwithS. ollula, which itresemblesexternally. In
Mandible: Robust with a long ramus, a low coronoid absolute external measurements, S. corbeti n. sp. is larg-
process,andawideangularprocess. COR54.7 %ofLTR er and has a longer tail than specimens ofS. ollula from
%
(59.6 in S. ollula). Forainen inentale below posterior Nigeria or Cameroon (Table 1), although the relative tail
root oflower p4. Condyle robust and rectangular, about length is similar. Speciinens from Gabon and Equatorial
as wide as high. Guinea(Goodman&. Hutterer2004, Lassoetal. 1996)
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Bonnerzoologische Beiträge 56 205
Fig. 4. Skull ofSylvisorex corbetin.sp. (holotype ZFMK 88.91) from SENigeria. Total length ofskull 26.48 mm.
aresmalleralso.Thefore-andhindfeetofthenew species 1979, is considerably smaller (Butler & Greenwood
are also considerably longer, due to a prolongation of 1979); ithasamean coronoidheightof4.5 mm(5.94 mm
skeletalelementssuchasmetacaipalsandmetatarsals(Fig. in the new species).
6).
Habitat. The holotype was collected in a forest swamp
The skull oftheholotypeofS. ollula (Thomas 1913)was at 1900 m. It sharesthishabitatwithrodents such as Oto-
figured by Jenkins (1984), and another specimen from mys occidentalis Dieterlen &Van der Straeten, 1992 and
Equatorial Guineais showninFig. 3. 5. corbetin. sp. (Figs Praomys obscwus Hutterer & Dieterlen, 1992.
4, 5) isdistinguishedbysize(Table2),butalsobyanum-
ber of cranial and dental details mentioned above. The Etymology. We dedicate this species to Gordon B. Cor-
largestfossilspecies,S. oldiivaiensis Butler&Greenwood, bet, former curator ofmammals at The Natural Histoid
5
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206 RainerHutterer & Christian Montermann:Alarge new species ofSylvisorexfromNigeria
Museum, London. He has served the scientific commu-
nity for decades by hosting visitors from all around the
worldattheBritishMuseummammal collections. Besides
writingtextbooks on mammals ofthe Palaearctic and In-
domalayan Regions and the World, he has demonstrated
his interest in African mammals by careful revisions of
hedgehogs, hyraxes. and elephant shrews. He also de-
scribed the now probably extinct Nigerian pygmy hip-
popotamus (Corbet 1969).
3.2. A new record ofSylvisorexollula from Nigeria
The presumed record of5. ollula from Nigeria (Hutter-
eretal. 1992) is no longervalid, afterourstudyrevealed
that the voucher specimen represents a different species
described here as new. However, Sylvisorex ollula does
occur in Nigeria, as a new yet unrecorded specimen
demonstrates. During a survey ofsmall mammals ofthe
Boje Forestat290m inthe SWObudu Mountains (06.1
N, 08.55 E), G. Nikolaus collected a male of5. ollula on
13 January 1995. The specimen (ZFMK 95.70. Fig. 5) is
much smaller than S. corbeti n. sp. and agrees well with
typical S. ollula in size (Table 1 ) and shape ofskull (Fig.
5).
DISCUSSION
4.
ThediscoveiyofSylvisorexcorbetin. sp. fiartherenriches
the morphological diversity ofthe genus, as previously
summarized by Hutterer (1985) and Hutterer &
ScHLiTTER (1996). With a body mass of30 g it marks the
upperlimitofthegenus. Thenew species showsaunique
combination of characters of a terrestrial forest shrew
(largebody, tail ofmedium length, earconch ofmoderate
size) with those ofscansorial shrews (elongated limbs). I I
The digits of the hindfoot (expressed by the length of
metatarsalIII)areevenlongerthaninSylviso)-exmegalura
((FViog.ge6l),1a97s4p)e.ciWees kknnoowwnnoftohriintgs aabdaoputtatthieonliffoesrtyclleiomfbitnhge (lFatiog(p.Zt5F.oMboKLtatt9eo5rm.a7)l0S.vy'ilSevEwissNioogreefrxtihace)o,rmbaZextFiilMnl.Karsy6p.9p.o(5rh3to3iloo(ntyNopWfe)tChaaenmdsekruSol.ololsnl)ou,-f
new species, except that it lives in forest swamp at 1900 ZFMK 2008.220 (NW Cameroon), and CET 736 (Equatorial
m. It is part ofaguild ofsmall mammal species confined Guinea). Scale 10mm.
to the forested parts ofthe Mambilla Plateau shared by
Nigeria and Cameroon (Hutterer et al. 1992).
and other authors (Dubey at al. 2008) propose the
ThetruecontentofthegenusSylvisorexis stillnotknown. inclusionofallAfricanSuncusandSylvisorexspecies into
New species with suiprising adaptations have been one genus. A paraphyly of Sylvisorex was already
discovered in Central Africa (Mukinzi et al. 2009; considered by Heim de Bals.-xc & Lamotte (1957).
Hutterer et al. 2009) and add to the diversity of the Furtherproblemsareposedbythemorphologicallyunique
genus. Weincludedtwo furtherundescribed speciesfrom genera Rmvenzorisorex Hutterer, 1986 and Scutisorex
D. R. CongoinFig. 6,tobedescribedinthefiiture. Ifthese Thomas, 1913, both of which are genetically close to
and others are included, the number of species of Sylvisorex. No conclusive phylogeny is available at this
Sylvisorex is close to 20. Genetic studies suggest that 5. moment, but the study ofAfrican forest shrews remains
megaluramayberelatedtoSuncus(Qlierouiletal. 2001). an exciting enterprise.
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Bonnerzoologische Beiträge 56 207
Table 2. Cranio-dental measurements ofSylvi.sorexcorbeti n. sp. and S. ollnlu from Nigeriaand Cameroon.
Species CI PL UTR P4-M3 lO MB GW PGL HCC LTR COR
S. corbetin. sp. 26.48 ,1.59 11.47 6.18 5.61 7.63 11.94 8.13 6.18 10.86 5.94
ZFMK
88.91
S. ollula, SENigeria 24.26 10.37 10.47 5.61 4.86 7.26 11.02 7.40 5.98 9.84 5.96
ZFMK95.70
NW
S. ollula, Cameroon 24.79 10.43 10.76 5.88 5.34 7.60 11.14 7.67 6.19 10.19 6.28
ZFMK63.190
NW
S. ollula, Cameroon 24.75 10.61 10.89 5.80 4.98 7.44 7.54 5.99 10.32 5.96
ZFMK 69.533
NW
S. ollula, Cameroon 25.28 11.28 11.01 5.80 4.97 7.17 11.18 7.72 6.21 10,35 5.92
ZFMK
99.683
NW
S. ollula, Cameroon 24.10 10.20 10.83 5.97 5.17 7.46 11.36 7.61 5.85 10.76 6.42
ZFMK2008.220
S. ollula, SE Cameroon 24.48 9.73 10.87 5.87 5.16 7.30 11.15 7.46 6.17 10.45 5.97
ZFMK2008.226
S. ollula, Equ. Guinea 24.62 10.40 10.39 5.69 5.14 7.28 11.49 7.66 6.33 6.21
CET 736
17,00
•S«
B
10,00
I 9.00 -
5
7.00
3,00 4,00 5,00 6.00 7,00
length of metatarsal ofdigit III [mm]
Fig. 6. Relation between length ofthemetatarsal ofdigitIII andtotal length ofhind foot, as taken from digital X-ray images. 1
S. akaibeiMukinzi, Hutterer& Barriere, 2009, 2S.johnstoni(Dobson, 1888), 3 S. konganensis Ray& Hutterer, 1996,4S. vulca-
nonim Hutterer& Verheyen, 1985, 5 S. grantiThomas, 1907, 6 S. n. sp. A, 7 S. niorio (Gray, 1862), 8 S. camenmensis Heim de
Balsac, 1968. 9 5. lunarisThomas, 1906, 105. isabellaeHeim de Balsac, 1968, 11 S. ollula, 12 S. n. sp. B, 13 S. megalwa. 14S.
corbetin. sp.
Acknowledgements. We are grateftil to GerhardNikolaus and Zusammenfassung. Aus dem südöstlichen Hochland von Ni-
Michael Barej who collected new material in Nigeria and geria wird eine neue Spitzmausart als Sylvisorex corbeti n. sp.
Cameroon,andtoJean-Claude Mukinzi whocollected relevant beschrieben. DasderBeschreibungzuGrundeliegendeTierwar
new material in the D. R. Congo. We also thank Paulina D. zuvor als Sylvisorex ollula bestimmt worden, ist aber deutlich
Jenkins for access to the collections of the British Museum, größer,besitzteinen längeren Schwanz,verlängerteHinterfüße
CarlosLassoforaccesstohismaterialattheEstaciónBiológico undeinensehrgroßenSchädelundrepräsentiertdamitdiegröß-
Donana, andDirk RohwedderandWolfgang Bischofffortheir teArtderGattung. Ein neues Exemplaraus den Obudu Moun-
assistancewiththephotographsandX-rays.GustavPeterskindly tainsimsüdöstlichenNigeriastimmtmorphologischgutmitty-
correctedthe manuscript. pischen S. ollula aus den Tieflandregenwäldern des südlichen
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at
208 RainerHutterer & Christian Montermann: Alarge new species ofSylvisorexfromNigeria
Kamerun überein and repräsentiert dalner den ersten i<on-ekten da Highlands, Cameroon. Bonner zoologische Beiträge 56;
Nachweis dieserArt fürNigeria. 151-157.
Hutterer, R. & Schlitter, D.A. (1996): ShrewsofKompNa-
tional Park, Cameroon, with the description ofa new Sylvi-
sorex{MammaMa: Soricidae). Pp. 57-66,In; Contributionsin
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ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at
Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database
Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature
Zeitschrift/Journal: Bonn zoological Bulletin - früher Bonner Zoologische Beiträge.
Jahr/Year: 2009
Band/Volume: 56
Autor(en)/Author(s): Hutterer Rainer, Montermann Christian
Artikel/Article: A large new species of Sylvisorex (Mammalia: Soricidae) from Nigeria and
the first record of Sylvisorex ollula from the country 201-208