A key to species of the genus Caccobius thomson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from china, with description of a new species

2007·2.1 MB·

by  Bai Ming

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
109(1), 2007, pp. 131-135
A KEY TO SPECIES OF THE GENUS CACCOBIUS THOMSON
(COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: SCARABAEINAE) FROM CHINA, WITH
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES
Ming Bai, Youwei Zhang, and Xingke Yang
(MB, YZ, XY) Institute ofZoology, Chinese Academy ofSciences, 36 Box, 25 Bei
SiHuanXiLu, Haidian, Beijing, 100080, China (e-mail: [email protected]); (MB)
Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Shijingshan, Beijing,
100039, China (e-mail: [email protected]). Corresponding author: Xingke Yang
(e-mail: [email protected])
—
Abstract. Diagnosis, description, and illustrations of the head, pronotum,
profemur, protibia, pygidium, and aedeagus of Caccobius {Caccobius) excavatus, n.
sp., are given. A key to the species of Caccobius Thomson from China is included.
Key Words: China, Caccobius, Scarabaeinae, Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera, new species,
key
The genus Caccobius (Coleoptera: pronotum, profemur, protibia, pygidi-
Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthopha- um, and aedeagus of C excavatus and
gini) was established by Thomson in C jessoensis are given.
1863. There are 89 world species (Gillet
1911, Balthasar 1963) and 18 species Caccobius {Caccobius) excavatus Bai,
currently known in China, including one Zhang, and Yang, new species
new species described here. Species of (Figs. 1-6)
—
Caccobius are tunnellers, and their nest- Holotype male. Length from clypeus
ing behavior is complex (Halffter and to pygidium 6.5 mm; width across hu-
Edmonds 1982, Philips et al. 2004). They meri 3.5 mm. Shape broadly oval, com-
can be collected from various animal pact, convex. Color deep dark brown;
excrement, such as cow, elephant, gaur, head and pronotum slightly metallic,
buffalo, pig, and human. The species of elytra brown at base and apex.
this genus are ofshort compact form and Head: Clypeus with front margin
generally of small size, some of them deeply notched in middle, finely and
very small. The front angles ofthe thorax closely rugulose. Anterior carina ofhead
have a deep, sharply defined, hollow short, not close to front margin. Thorax:
beneath. Males may be armed with Shape of pronotum parabolic, 1.2 times
a single short horn, a pair of horns, or wider than long. Surface strongly and
they may be entirely without armature. closely punctate, without median line,
In this paper, 18 species of Caccobius completely margined. Anterolateral an-
from China are treated, among them gles of pronotum acute (Fig. 1). Profe-
Caccobius {Caccobius) excavatus de- mur with strong, dense punctures, meso-
scribed as new. A key to the species of and metafemora with fine and sparse
China and illustrations of the head. punctures. Procoxa with long pubes-
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
1mm
Figs. 1-6. Caccobiiis (Caccobius) excavatus. 1, Dorsal view ofhead and pronotum. 2, Profemur and
protibia. 3, Pygidium. 4, Parameres, ventral view. 5, Aedeagus, lateral view. 6, Parameres, dorsal view.
—
cence. Abdomen: Elytral striae distinct, Female. Length 7.2 mm; width across
intervals flat and microscopically punc- humeri 4.1 mm. Similar to male except
tate. Shape of pygidium parabolic, 1.7 notchofclypealfrontmargin shallowerand
times wider than long. Surface with 2 anterior carina ofhead long—er.
shallow foveae near front margin Variation in paratypes. Length from
(Fig. 3). 1st to 5th segments sparsely and clypeus to pygidium 6.5-7.2 mm; width
strongly punctate, 6th segment densely across humeri 3.5-4.1 mm. Light brown
and finely punctate. Aedeagus (Figs. 4- marks on elytra —present in some males.
6) with basal plate 1.6 times longer than Type material. Holotype: P. R. CHI-
parameres, parameres with 2 broad, deep NA. <$ Xizang, Jilong, 2800 m, 25 July
,
notches in lateral view. 1971, Col. Xue-zhong Zhang. Paratypes:
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 1 133
Figs. 7-11. Caccobius (Caccobiiis)jessoensis. 7, Dorsal view ofhead and pronotum. 8, Pygidium. 9,
Parameres, ventral view. 10, Aedeagus, lateral view. 11, Parameres, dorsal view.
P. R. CHINA. 1 S, Same data as clypeus shallowly notched in the middle
holotype; 1 $, Xizang, Chaya, Jitang, (Fig. 7), the anterolateral angles of the
3600 m, 8 July 1976, Col. Yin-heng pronotum blunt (Fig. 7), and the pygid-
Han. Type material deposited in the ium without foveae near the front
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy margin (Fig. 8—).
of Sciences, Beij—ing, P. R. China (IZAS). Etymology. The name is from Latin
Distribution. China (Xizang). and refers to the deep notch on the front
—
Diagnosis. The new species is similar margin of the clypeus.
to Caccobius {Caccobius)jessoensis Har-
Key to Adults of Caccobius
old, 1867 (Figs. 7-11), but differs pri-
CumA
"^^^^
marily by the deep notch in the middle of
the clypeal front margin (Fig. 1), the 1 Upper surface of head and pronotum
acute anterolateral angles of the prono- smooth, entirely without setae. Prosternum
tshuamll(o,,Fw-^i.g°f.ov11e)^,,aeannedJa.rIthte,hepfrf-reosnet„ncmearofgrm*twoo„fc ~ wU^^iptpher2 casruirnfraaece(suobf/g.uhCeaacdjcobainud^s)pronotum 2
^^^^^^ Prosternum with l carina (subg.
the pygidium (Fig. 3). Caccobius (C) Caccophilus) 8
jessoensis has the front margin of the 2 Elytra black or dark brown 3
4571 5
134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
- Elytra bicolored, at least reddish brown or umbilicate punctures. Body length 5.0-
mm
yellow at apex 5 6.5 (China: Hebei, Shanxi; Russia;
3 Body length over 6.0 mm. Front margin of Korea)
clypeus notched (Fig. 1). Head and prono- C {Caccophilus) sordidus Harold, 1886
tum metallic 4 10 Body length 3.5 mm or less. Male and
- Body length 4.5-5.0 mm. Front margin of female pronotum simple, unarmed .... 11
clypeus not notched. Head and pronotum - Body length 4.5-9.0 mm. Male pronotum
not metallic (China: Xizang) armed, female pronotum unarmed .... 14
C. {Caccobius) imitans Balthasar, 1933 1 Male head without carina, female head
4 Front margin of clypeus deeply notched with short carina orwithout carina (China:
(Fig. 1). Anterior carina of head far from Fujian)
C
front margin. Anterolateral angles of pro- {Caccophilus) scrofa Balthasar, 1941
notum acute (China: Xizang) - Male and female head with distinct and
C {Caccobius) excavatus, n. sp. somewhat curved carinae 12
— Front margin ofclypeus shallowly notched 12 Male head without tooth and anterior
(Fig. 7). Anterior carina of head close to carina ofhead arcuate, posterior carina of
front margin. Anterolateral angles of pro- head curved. (China: Fujian)
notum round (China: Beijing, Hebei, C. {Caccophilus)pidlus Jekel, 1872
Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Guangxi, Si- - Maleheadwithoutanteriorcarinaandwith
chuan, Yunnan; Japan) 1 tooth pointing posteriorly, posterior
C
{Caccobius)jessoensis Harold, 1867 carina ofhead stright 13
5 Size small, body length not over 3.0 mm. 13 Pronotum with sparse punctures. Elytral
Male pronotum simple, not armed (China: interstriae coarsely punctate. Body length
mm
Taiwan) 2.5-3.0 (China: Heilongjiang, Jilin,
. . C. {Caccobius)flavoIimbatus^a\\haiSar, 1942 Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Hubei,
- Size large, body length at least 5.0 mm. Hunan, Hainan, Sichuan; Vietnam; Philip-
Male pronotum armed 6 pines; Myanmar; India)
6 Pronotum not metallic. Elytral interstriae C. {Caccophilus) unicornis (Fabricius, 1789)
. .
flat and sparsely, deeply punctate, with - Pronotum with dense punctures. Elytral
large punctures (China: Taiwan) interstriae with fine rugosity. Body length
mm
— Pronotum sCl.ig{htClayccmoebtiaulsl)ic.chuEjloyitrPaaluliinatne,r-1942 3.0-3.5C {Ca(cCchoipnhai:luSsh)anfgukhiaein,siFsujBiaaltnh)as.a.r, 1941
striae convex and densely, shallowly punc- 1 Posteriorcarinaofheadtriangularinmale 1
tate, with small punctures 7 - Posteriorcarina ofhead crescent-shaped or
7 Male with anterior carina of head feeble simple in male 17
and straight, female with anterior carina of 1 Front margin ofclypeus round in male and
head curved. Female pronotum feebly female (China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaon-
armed (China: Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, ing, Henan, Xizang; Russia; Korea)
Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan; Vietnam; Laos; .... C {Caccophilus) christophi Haro.l.d., 1879
India) - Front margin ofclypeusofmalenotround,
. . C. {Caccobius) gonoderus (Fairmaire, 1888) somewhat notched, front margin offemale
- Both sexes with anterior carina of head straight or somewhat notched 16
distinct and somewhat curved. Female 16 Front margin ofclypeus slightly notched in
pronotum not armed (China: Yunnan; male (similar to Fig. 7), front margin
Vietnam) clearly round in female. Male pronotum
8 P.r.o.nCo.t{uCmacacrombeiuds)widtehma1ntgoeoith.BoEulcyotrmaondta,rk1919 laernmgetdh, f8e.m0a-l9e.0pmrmonotu(mChisniam:ple.GaBnosduy,
red or brown. Interstriae convex 9 Shaanxi, Henan; Russia)
— Pronotumarmedwithmorethan 1 toothor . . . .C. (Caccophilus) sibiricus Balthasar, 1935
unarmed. Elytra with different colors, not - Front margin ofclypeus deeply notched in
red or brown. Interstriae flat 10 male (similar to Fig. 1), female front
9 Upper surface opaque. Male with anterior margin notched deeper than male. Male
carina of head absent. Pronotum with and female pronotum simple. Body length
simple punctures. Body length 6.0-7.0 mm 4.6-4.8 mm (China: Yunnan)
(China: Sichuan, Yunnan) C {Caccophilus) yunnanicus Kabakov, 1994
. .
— U.p.peC.r(sCuarcfcaocpehislhuisn)inbgo.ucMoamloentwiitBhaltahnatsearri,or1935 1 mPoaslteerainordcfaermianlae.ofBhoedaydlfeonrgmtihn4g.a0-t5o.o0tmhmin
carina of head present. Pronotum with (China: Fujian, Guangdong; India; Indo-
VOLUME NUMBER
109, 1 135
nesia) supported by a China National Science
C. (Caccophilus) tortus Sharp, 1875 Fundation Grant (No. 30200025).
- Posteriorcarina ofhead simpleinmaleand
female. Body length 4.5-5.5 mm (China:
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi; LITERATURE CiTED
Korea; Japan)
.C. (Caccophilus) brevis Waterhouse, 1875 Balthasar, V. 1963. Monographicder Scarabaeidae
. . . und Aphodiidae der Palaearktischen und
Acknowledgments Orientalischen Region Band 2. Verlag der
Tschechoslowakischen Akademie der Wis-
We gratefully acknowledge the assis- senschaften, Prague. 627 pp.
tance of Dr. Ales Bezdek (Institute of Gillet, J. J. E. 1911. ColeopterorumCatalogusPars
Entomology, Academy ofSciences ofthe 38, Scarabaeidae: Coprinae. Dr. W. Junk,
Czech Republic), Dr. Giuseppe M. Car- Berlin. 263 pp.
paneto (Universita degli Studi Roma Halffnteesrt,ingG.beahnadvioWr.ofD.dunEgdmboenedtlse.s (1S9c8a2r.abaTehie-
Tre, Italy), Dr. Bert Kohlmann (Uni- nae): an ecological and evolutive approach.
versidad EARTH, Costa Rica), and Dr. Instituto de Ecologia, Mexico, D. F. 177 pp.
Patrick Prevost (Chez Tartaud, France) Philips, T. K., E. Pretorius, and C. H. Scholtz.
for obtaining literature. Dr. Si-Qin Ge 2004. A phylogenetic analysis of dung beetles
(Scarabeinae: Scarabaeidae): Unrolling an
(IZAS) and Dr. Li-Jie Zhang (IZAS) evolutionary history. Invertebrate Systematics
provided useful advice. The project is 18: 53-88.