Table Of Content

A HISTORY OF WELSH MUSIC Fromearlymedievalbardstothebandsofthe‘CoolCymru’era,this booklooksatWelshmusicalpracticesandtraditions,theforcesthat haveinfluencedanddirectedthemandthewaysinwhichtheideaof Wales as a ‘musical nation’ has been formed and embedded in popular consciousness in Wales and beyond. Beginning with early medievaldescriptionsofmusicallifeinWales,thebookprovidesboth anoverarchingstudyofWelshmusichistoryanddetailedconsider- ation of the ideas, beliefs, practices and institutions that shaped it. Topicsincludetheeisteddfod,thechurchandthechapel,theinflu- enceoftheWelshlanguageandWelshculturaltraditions,theschol- arshipoftheCelticrevivalandthefolk-songmovement,theimpacts ofindustrialisationanddigitisation,andexposuretobroadertrendsin popularculture,includingcommercialpopularmusicandsport. trevor herbert haswrittenextensivelyontheculturalhistoryof instrumental music, especially brass instruments in various periods and social contexts, and co-edited the award-winning Cambridge Encyclopedia of Brass Instruments (2018). He has also written on the cultural history of music in Wales. He was co-editor of the seven- volumeWelshHistoryandItsSourcesseries. martin v. clarke has published widely on the relationships betweenmusic,theologyandreligiouspractice,includingthemono- graphBritishMethodistHymnody:Theology,Heritage,andExperience (2018) and the edited collection Music and Theology in Nineteenth- Century Britain (2012). He was a co-investigator on the AHRC- fundedListeningExperienceDatabaseproject. helenbarlowresearchestheintersectionsbetweenhistory,music, literature and visual art. As a member of the Listening Experience Database project, she investigated the history of ordinary people’s experiencesofmusic.HerpublicationsincludeMusicandtheBritish Military in the Long Nineteenth Century (2013), co-written with TrevorHerbert. Published online by Cambridge University Press Published online by Cambridge University Press A HISTORY OF WELSH MUSIC edited by TREVOR HERBERT RoyalCollegeofMusicLondon MARTIN V. CLARKE TheOpenUniversity HELEN BARLOW TheOpenUniversity Published online by Cambridge University Press UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 103PenangRoad,#05–06/07,VisioncrestCommercial,Singapore238467 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781316511060 doi:10.1017/9781009036511 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2023 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2023 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJBooksLimited,PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:Herbert,Trevor,editor.|Clarke,Martin(MartinV.),editor.|Barlow,Helen,editor. title:AhistoryofWelshmusic/editedbyTrevorHerbert,MartinV.Clarke,HelenBarlow. description:[1.]|Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress, 2022.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2022012037(print)|lccn2022012038(ebook)|isbn9781316511060 (hardback)|isbn9781009005265(paperback)|isbn9781009036511(ebook) subjects:lcsh:Music–Wales–Historyandcriticism. classification:lccml289.h572022(print)|lccml289(ebook)|ddc780.9429–dc23 /eng/20220310 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022012037 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2022012038 isbn978-1-316-51106-0Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Published online by Cambridge University Press Contents ListofFigures pagevii ListofMaps x ListofMusicExamples xi ListofContributors xii Preface xvii Acknowledgements xxvi Glossary xxvii Maps xxxi 1 MusicinWelshHistory 1 TrevorHerbert 2 WordsforMusic:DescribingMusicalPracticesinMedieval WelshLiterature 25 HelenFulton 3 MusicinWorshipbefore1650 53 JohnHarper 4 SecularMusicbefore1650 78 SallyHarper 5 TheEisteddfodTradition 100 RhidianGriffiths 6 WomenandWelshFolkSong 121 WynThomas 7 InstrumentalTraditionsafter1650 144 RhidianGriffiths,TrevorHerbertandStephenP.Rees 8 TheCelticRevival 171 HelenBarlow v Published online by Cambridge University Press vi Contents 9 MusicalCommunicationsintheLongNineteenthCentury 195 RhidianGriffiths 10 NonconformistsandTheirMusic 218 MartinV.Clarke 11 ProfessionalisationintheTwentiethCentury 243 LynDavies 12 ComposingCymru:ArtMusicsince1940 264 NicholasJones 13 TraditionsandInterventions:PopularMusic1840–1940 291 TrevorHerbert 14 NewTraditions:WelshPopularMusicintotheTwenty-First Century 315 SarahHill 15 SingingWelshness:Sport,MusicandtheCrowd 332 HelenBarlowandMartinV.Clarke 16 Postscript:ContemporaryWales,DevolutionandDigitisation 355 TrevorHerbert,SallyHarperandSarahHill Appendix1Selective,ChronologicalListofTraditionalMusic Publishedupto1920 366 Appendix2Selective,ChronologicalListofHymnCollections PublishedinWalesorforUsebyWelshCongregations from1621to1900 383 Appendix3SelectiveListofMajorPublishedandManuscriptSources AvailableinOpen-AccessDigitisedForm 397 Bibliography 404 Index 437 Published online by Cambridge University Press Figures 1.1 TheNationalLibraryofWalesinAberystwyth,1941. page5 LlyfrgellGenedlaetholCymru–NationalLibraryofWales 3.1 EdmwndPrys,LlyfryPsalmau(1621),fo.1r.Psalm1,withthe 76 melodyknownas‘Song67’,attributedtoOrlandoGibbons (Withers,1623),andpartofPsalm2,withthemelodylater knownas‘Hackney’or‘StMary’sTune’(Playford,1674, 1677).LlyfrgellGenedlaetholCymru–TheNationalLibrary ofWales 4.1 CarvedpanelonacupboardoriginallyfromWalesbutnowat 85 CoteheleHouse,Cornwall,showingplayersofacrwthand aharp.©NationalTrust 5.1 Anengravedimageofthe‘RhuddlanRoyalEisteddvod’of 107 1850.IllustratedLondonNews,28September1850 6.1 DrMaryDavies(seated)andRuthHerbertLewisin‘Gorsedd 124 yBeirdd’robes.BykindpermissionofMrsNestPrice, Caerwys,Flintshire 6.2 AphonographcylinderfromRuthHerbertLewis’scollection. 128 ‘CânLlwynog,L.Roberts,Smithy,Rhydyrarian’iswrittenin herhandonthecover.ThephotographwastakeninRuth HerbertLewis’shomeatPenucha,Caerwysin2009,withthe permissionofhergranddaughterNestPrice.©WynThomas 7.1 TheharpistNansiRichards(1888–1979)playingatripleharp, 146 whichrestsonherleftshoulder.AmgueddfaCymru– NationalMuseumWales 7.2 DrawingofinstrumentsownedbytheHon.Daines 153 Barringtonandincludedinhisarticle‘SomeAccountofTwo MusicalInstrumentsUsedinWales’.Archaeologia,III(1775), 30–34 vii Published online by Cambridge University Press viii ListofFigures 7.3 ItinerantWelshRomanimusicians(fromtheleft),Cornelius, 158 David(harp)andAdolphusWood.Thefiddlesarehome-made, andthemechanismofthepedalharpmayhavebeenremovedto aidportability.Picturetakenbefore1914;thephotographeris unidentified.AmgueddfaCymru–NationalMuseumWales 8.1 ThevisitofChandraMohanChatterjeetothe1842 190 AbergavennyEisteddfod.TheloyaltyoftheCymreigyddionto theCrownisprominentlydisplayedintheletters‘VR’(Victoria Regina);abannerbearingthename‘Victoria’hangsattheback ofthemarquee.IllustratedLondonNews,22October1842 9.1 ApagefromCyfaillmewnLlogellbyJohnWilliamsand 196 printedbyJohnDanielofCarmarthen:thefirstbookprinted inWalestocontainmusicalnotation.Thestavelinesare printed,butthenotesareaddedbyhand.Photographiccopy atLlyfrgellGenedlaetholCymru–NationalLibraryofWales 10.1 Tonicsol-fascoreofthehymn‘CwmRhondda’(1907)inthe 237 handof,andsignedby,thecomposerJohnHughes.Bykind permissionofthedescendantsofthecomposer’sfriendMr OliverBown 11.1 FirstpageofJosephParry’s‘Myfanwy’(1875).Thisversion, 244 publishedbySnellofSwanseain1931,usedtheplatesofthe originalprintingof1875byIsaacJonesofTreherbert 12.1 DanielJones,FourthSymphony,firstmovement,bars127– 273 131,inthecomposer’shand.Bykindpermissionofthe composer’sdaughterCathrinRoberts 13.1 AposterwidelycirculatedinNeathbythelocalcouncil 299 followingthesuccessofYCôrMawr,whichincludedsomeof thetownspeople.BykindpermissionofPeterStevens 13.2 ClaraNovelloDavieswithherten-year-oldsonIvor.Taken 312 in1903byanunidentifiedphotographer 14.1 DatblyguperformingatthePesdaRocmusicfestivalin 326 Bethesda,northWales(1985).AyoungGruffRhys(laterof theSuperFurryAnimals)isseatedinthefrontrow.The decidedlysparseaudienceisphotographicproofofthe disconnectbetween‘popular’and‘influential’:fifteenyears later,SuperFurryAnimals’versionoftheDatblygusong ‘YTeimlad’wasincludedontheircriticallyacclaimedalbum Mwng(2001).Unknownphotographer.CreativeCommons LicenceCCBY2.0https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 2.0/legalcode Published online by Cambridge University Press ListofFigures ix 15.1 AcartoonfromaCardiffnewspapersatirisingtheenthusiasm 338 oftheWelshforrugby(atatimewhentheterm‘football’was usedinterchangeablyforthedifferentcodesofthegame). EveningExpress,11November1893 16.1 TheWalesMillenniumCentre,CardiffBay;completed2009. 359 BykindpermissionoftheWalesMillenniumCentre,Cardiff Published online by Cambridge University Press