Table Of Content

A HISTOEY OF THE PEACE CONFERENCE OF PARIS PUBLISHED BY THE JOINT COMMITTEE OF HENRY FROWDE, HODDER AND STOUGHTON 17 WARWICK SQUARE, NEWGATE STREET LONDON, E.C.4 A HISTORY OF THE PEACE CONFERENCE OF PARIS EDITED BY H. W. V. TEMPEK'tET VOL. Ill CHRONOLOGY, NOTES AND DOCUMENTS Published under the auspices of the Institute of International Affairs LONDON HENRY FROWDE HODDER & STOUGHTON OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WARWICK SQUARE, EC. 1920 CONTENTS OF VOL. Ill CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE FOR THE YEARS 1914-18 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF THE PEACE CONFER¬ ENCE, 1919-20 . APPENDIX I GERMAN TREATIES WITH RUSSIA AND RUMANIA PART I. TREATY WITH RUSSIA. Political Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 3rd March 1918 PART II. TREATY WITH RUMANIA. Political Treaty of Bucharest, 7th May 1918 .... Summary of other Treaties ......* APPENDIX II LEAGUE' OF NATIONS DOCUMENTS PART I. EXTRACTS'FROM SPEECHES, ETC., SEPTEMBER- ^ DECEMBER 1918. Extracts from President Wilson’s speech of 27th September 1918 . Extracts from Lord Robert Cecil’s speech of 11th November 1918 . Extracts from General Smuts’s Book The League of Nations— Practical Suggestions, 16th December 1918 .... PART II. COMPOSITION OF THE COMMISSION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS. PART III. RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE PLENARY CON¬ FERENCE, 25th JANUARY 1919. (i. e. Terms of reference of League of Nations Commission.) PART IV. REVISIONS OF THE TEXT OF THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE . (i) Revision of President Wilson’s original draft of Article 10 (ii) differences between Draft and Covenant .... PART V.; EXTRAeTSJPROM PRESIDENT WILSON’S SPEECHES SUBSEQUENT TO THE ARMISTICE .... Extract from speech at Paris, 21st December 1918 Extract from speech at London, 28th December 1918 Extract from speech at Manchester, 80th December 1918 Extract from speech at Rome, 3rd January 1919 Speeclrin introducing the draft of the Constitution of the League of Nations (‘ The World League Plan ’) . CONTENTS VI APPENDIX III. PART I SPEECHES, ETC., OF PLENIPOTENTIARIES ON THE PEACE PAGE 1. Extracts from discussion between President Wilson and the Senate Committee of Foreign Relations at the White House, 19th August 1919 ........ 60 2. Two statements by General Smuts ...... 74 (i) The Peace Treaty (A statement issued by General Smuts, 29th June 1919).74 (ii) Problems for the League (A farewell message on leaving England, 2nd July 1919) . . . ... 77 3. Speech of M. Clemenceau in introducing the Peace Treaty to the French Chamber, 30th June 1919 , * . . .80 4. Speech of Mr. Lloyd George in introducing the Peace Treaty to the House of Commons, 3rd July 1919 . . . . 83 APPENDIX III. PART II TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS AND GERMANY (TEXT) Summary of Contents . . . . . . . .100 Preamble, Names of Powers and Plenipotentiaries . . . 105 1. The Covenant of the League of Nations (Arts. 1-26) . . .Ill List of original members and states invited to accede to League 123 2. Boundaries of Germany (Arts. 27-30) . . . . .124 3. Political clauses for Europe (Arts. 31-117). .... 128 4. German Rights and Interests outside Germany (Arts. 118-58) , 177 5. Military, Naval and Air clauses (Arts. 159-213) .... 187 6. Prisoners of War and Graves (Arts. 214-26) .... 209 7. Penalties (Arts. 227-30) . . . , . . . .212 8. Reparation (Arts. 231-47) ....... 214 9. Financial clauses (Arts. 248-63) ...... 234 10. Economic clauses (Arts. 264-312) ...... 242 11. Aerial Navigation (Arts. 313-20) ...... 288 12. Ports, Waterways and Railways (Arts. 321-86) . . . 289 13. Labour (Arts. 387-427).314 14. Guarantees (Arts. 428-33) ....... 829 15. Miscellaneous Provisions (Arts. 434-40) ..... 831 ANNEXES. CERTAIN OTHER TREATIES, ETC., SIGNED ON 28th JUNE 1919 1. Treaty between France and Great Britain respecting assistance to France in event of unprovoked aggression by Germany . 837 2. Treaty between France and the United States respecting assistance to France in event of unprovoked aggression by Germany . 889 3. Agreement between the United States, Belgium, British Empire, France and Germany re Military occupation of Rhine Territories 341 4. Protocol. Supplementary to the Treaty of Peace . . . 845 5. Treaty of Peace between the United States, British Empire, France, Italy and Japan, and Poland (Text will be given in a subsequent Volume). CONTENTS YU APPENDIX IY TEXT OF THE NEW GERMAN CONSTITUTION I. THE REALM: ITS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS PAGE 1. Realm and Lands.347 2. The Reichstag.352 3. The President of the Realm and the National Government. . 355 4. The Reichsrat.858 5. Legislation of the Realm.359 6. Administration of the Realm.361 7. Justice.365 II. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES OF CITIZENS 1. The Individual . . . . •.366 2. The Life of the Community.368 3. Religion and Religious Bodies.370 4. Schools and Education.372 5. The Economic System.373 TEMPORARY CLAUSES AND CONCLUDING CLAUSES . . 376 OFFICIAL INDEX TO THE TREATY OF PEACE . . S79 (Treaty Series, 1920, No. 1 (Cmd. 516).) MAPS to face page 132 Saar Valley. Danzig and plebiscites in East Prussia to face page 168 General map to illustrate German Treaty to face page 336 CORRIGENDUM Volume I, page 437. According to the authoritative version of this speech (President Wilson's Foreign Policy, edited by James Brown Scott) the words * There shall be no annexations ’ etc. should not be in italics. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 1 1914. June 28. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Serajevo. July 23. Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia. 28. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Aug. 1. Germany declares war on Russia. . 2 German troops invade Luxemburg. 3. Germany declares war on France. 4. Germany declares war on Belgium, after ultimatum on Aug. 2. British ultimatum and state of war at 11 p.m. 5. Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. 10. France and (Aug. 12) Great Britain declare war on Austria- Hungary. . 20 Germans enter Brussels. 23. Japan declares war on Germany. 25. Austria-Hungary declares war on Japan, and on Belgium (Aug. 27). Sept. 5. Agreement of London: France, Great Britain, and Russia agree to make no separate peace (endorsed by Italy and Japan, Nov. 30, 1915). 0-10. Battle of the Marne. Oct. 29. Turkey enters war on German side. Nov. 5. Great Britain declares war on Turkey, and annexes Cyprus. 9. Asquith on British war-aims. . 12 Turkey formally declares war on Triple Entente. Dee. 17. British protectorate proclaimed in Egypt. 24. Great Britain recognizes French protectorate in Morocco. 1915. Jan. 13. Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, Count Berchtold, suc¬ ceeded by Baron Stephen Burian. Feb. 4. Germans declare submarine blockade round Great Britain as from Feb. 18. 25. Bombardment of Dardanelles by Allies. Mar. 15. British reply to German submarine blockade. 20. Secret understanding re Constantinople reached between Russia, France, and Great Britain. Apr. 26. Treaty of London secretly signed between Italy, France, Great Britain, and Russia. 28. Great German offensive against Russia begins. May 8. Italy denounces Triple Alliance. 7. Lusitania .torpedoed. 28. Italy declares war against Austria-Hungary. 1 This summary is, in no sense, exhaustive, and in the years 1914-17 mcrelv records some of the more important diplomatic incidents referred to in the text. From Jan. 1,1919, to Jan.. 21, 1920, it is based almost wholly on The Times newspaper. vox., m. B 2 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 1915. May 25. Japanese agreements with China. Formation of Coalition Ministry in Great Britain (Asquith, Bonar Law, &c.). June 8. Robert Lansing succeeds W. J. Bryan as Secretary of State, U.S.A. Aug. 3. Entente reply to Bulgarian note of June 14. 20. Italy declares war on Turkey. 21. Great Britain declares cotton absolute contraband. 22. Venizelos forms new Government in Greece (resigns Oct. 5). Sept. Anti-war Conference of Socialists meets at Zimmerwald. Oct. 4-5. Allies land at Salonica. 14. Bulgaria declares war on Serbia ; Allies announce state of war with Bulgaria (Oct. 14-19). 28. Briand succeeds Viviani as French Premier ; Biutish Cabinet decides on compulsory military service. 1916. Jan. 13. Austro-Hungarians occupy Cettinje. Feb. 21. German attack on Verdun begins. Mar. 9. Germany and (15) Austria-Hungary declare war on Portugal. Apr. 18. President Wilson threatens to sever diplomatic relations with Germany unless outrages at sea arc stopped. Note received Berlin 20 ; German Government gives way May 4. 24-30. Sinn Fein rebellion in Ireland. May 9. Sykes-Picot secret agreement arranging for a French zone in Syria, a British zone in Mesopotamia, and an inter¬ national zone in Palestine. 14-June 9. Austro-Hungarian offensive on Asiago plateau. 25. British Conscription Act becomes law. 31-June 1. Battle of Jutland. June 7. Grand Sherif of Mecca throws off allegiance to Turkey; recognized as King of the Hejaz by Great Britain, Dec. 1C. 14-16, 21. Economic Conference at Paris, Resolutions, July 1. Somme offensive begins. 8. Great Britain finally abandons Declaration of London. June-Aug. BrussilofPs offensive from Pripet to Bukovina. Aug. 17. Secret treaty with Rumania signed by Italy, France, Great Britain, and Russia. 27. Rumania declares war on Austria-Hungary. Italy declares war on Germany as from 28th. 28. Germany, Austria-Hungary (80), Turkey (Sept. 1) declare war on Rumania. 28-9. Fall of Falkenhayn, Hindenburg becomes Chief of Staff with Ludendorff as Ober-Quarticr-Meister. Oct.-Nov. 18. Great British offensive on Somme. Oct. 22-3. Mackensen captures Constanza from Rumanians. Nov. 1. French recover Fort Vaux at Verdun. 5. Central Powers proclaim independence of Poland. 7. Woodrow Wilson re-elected President of U.S.A. 15. Allied Conference at Chantilly to determine campaign of 1917 ; Tsar issues statement on Poland. 21. Death of Francis Joseph, accession of Emperor Charles. CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY a 1916. Dec. 5. Resignation of Mr. Asquith and formation of Mr. Lloyd George’s Government. 6. The Germans capture Bucharest. 12. The German Peace Note addressed to U.S.A. and the Pope. 18. President Wilson’s Peace Note communicated to the bel¬ ligerents on Dec. 20. 23. Count Czernin becomes Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister vice Baron Burian. 28. French Socialist National Congress condemns German peace proposals by small majority. 30. Allied reply to the German Peace Note ; German answer to Wilson, Dec. 26. 1917. Jan. 9. Secret German decision to apply unrestricted submarine warfare. 10. Reply of the Allied Governments to President Wilson’s Note, stating their war-aims. Belgians reply separately. 11. German and Austro-Hungarian notes to Neutrals. 16. Balfour’s dispatch to Washington commenting on Allied note of Dec. 30, 1916. 22. President Wilson comments on the Peace Note to the Senate. 31. The Germans announce unrestricted submarine warfare. Jan.-Feb. Japanese secret „ agreements with Entente Powers re Shantung. Feb. 3. The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany. 14. Russo-French secret exchange of views re Left Bank of Rhine, Saar Valley, and Poland. 25. German retreat in the West. Mar. 12. The First Russian Revolution. (From this date to June there was practically a cessation of fighting on the Eastern front.) Ministry formed by Prince Lvoff. 14. French Ministerial crisis, resignation of Gen. Lyautey and (17) of Briand; Ribot forms new Ministry (19), Painleve Minister of War. 30. Russian Revolutionary Government acknowledges indepen¬ dence of Poland. 31. The Emperor Charles’s letter about Alsace-Lorraine com¬ municated to M. Poincare. Apr. 6. The United States declare war on Germany. Proclamation signed by President on 6th. Resolution before Senate on 4th, before House of Representatives on 5th. 7. Cuba declares war and Panama (8) associates itself with U.S.A. against Germany. . 9. The Franco-British offensive begins in the West. 10. Repudiation of imperialism and consequently of desire for Constantinople by the Russian Government. 11. Brazil and (13) Bolivia and (27) Guatemala sever diplomatic relations with Germany $ Argentine (11) benevolent neu¬ trality. b 2 4 CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY 1917. Apr. 12. Czernin’s note recommends peace to the Emperor Charles. 13. U.S.A. severs diplomatic relations with Turkey. May 12. The Soviets invite an International Labour Congress to meet at Stockholm. 14. Italian offensive from Tolmino to the Sea. 15. Bethmann-Hollweg outlines his war-aims to the Reichstag. 17. Honduras and (19) Nicaragua and (8) Liberia sever diplomatic relations with Germany. 30. The Russian Soviets appeal for a restatement of the war- aims of the Allies. Austrian Reichsrath meets for first time since war began. June 1. Ribot refuses passports for French delegates to the proposed congress at Stockholm. 2. Brazil revokes her neutrality as between Germany and U.S.A. 3. Albanian independence, under Italian protection, proclaimed. 7. Battle for the Messincs Ridge. New Russian offensive fails. 11. Abdication of King Constantine in favour of his second son Alexander. June 12-July 16. Meetings of Imperial War Conference in London. 15. Haiti severs diplomatic relations with Germany. 17. Resolutions of new Paris Economic Conference. 27. Hindcnburg’s letter to the Kaiser on the decline of German moral. 30. Greece severs diplomatic relations with Germany and Austria-Hungary. July 1. Brussiloff’s abortive offensive across the Dniester. 6. Erzberger’s revelations in the Reichstag about the failure of the U-boat campaign. 11. Kaiser signs Rescript promising universal direct and secret suffrage in Prussia after the war, issued 12th. 13-14. Resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg. Michaelis Chancellor. 19. The Reichstag resolution, Peace with 4 no annexations or indemnities 5 adopted by 214 to 116. 22. Siam declares state of war with Germany and Austria- Hungary. 31. Third Battle of Ypres. Stockholm Conference. Bolsheviks send representatives. Aug. 1. The Pope's Note to the belligerents, published on 15th. 6. Kerensky, Russian Prime Minister. 7. Major Armand (French Agent) and Count Revcrtcra (Aus¬ trian agent) meet in Switzerland ; Liberia declares war on Germany. 11. Mr. Henderson resigns from British War Cabinet. 14. China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. 15. New British offensive. The alleged German offer to M. Briand through the media¬ tion of Baron Lanken. 17. Secret letter of Michaelis to Count Czernin proves that he has not really accepted the Reichstag Resolution. 27. President Wilson rejects Peace overtures of the Pope.