A History of the Pacific Islands PDF
Preview A History of the Pacific Islands
Praiseforthepreviousedition: ‘Anexcellent,comprehensiveandup-to-datesurveyofthePacificIslands,from prehistoric movements to modern political and economic realities. Recom- mendedforallstudentsofthePacific.’ —ProfessorDonaldTuzin,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,USA Thiswide-rangingstudyofthePacificIslandsprovidesadynamicandprovoca- tive account of the peopling of the Pacific, and its broad impact on world history.Spanningover50,000yearsofhumanpresenceinanareawhichcom- prises one third of our planet – Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia – the narrative follows the development of the region, from New Guinea’s earliest settlementtothecreationofthemodernPacificstates. Thoroughly revised and updated in light of the most recent scholarship, the secondeditionincludes: (cid:2) anoverviewoftheeventsanddevelopmentsinthePacificIslandsoverthe lastdecade (cid:2) coverageofthelatestarchaeologicaldiscoveries (cid:2) severalnewmaps (cid:2) anupdatedandexpandedbibliography. StevenRogerFischer’suniquetextprovidesahighlyaccessibleandinvaluable introductiontothehistoryofanareawhichiscurrentlyemergingaspivotalin internationalaffairs. Steven Roger Fischer is Director of the Institute of Polynesian Languages and Literatures, Auckland, New Zealand. For his celebrated decipherments of ancientscripts,hewaselectedaFellowoftheRoyalSociety(NewZealand)in 2010. PALGRAVEESSENTIALHISTORIES GeneralEditor:JeremyBlack This series of compact, readable and informative national histories is designed to appeal to anyone wishing to gain a broad understanding of acountry’shistory. Published AHistoryoftheLowCountries(2ndedn) PaulArblaster AHistoryofItaly ClaudiaBaldoli AHistoryofRussia RogerBartlett AHistoryofSpain(2ndedn) SimonBarton AHistoryoftheBritishIsles(3rdedn) JeremyBlack AHistoryofIsrael AhronBregman AHistoryofIreland MikeCronin AHistoryofGreece NicholasDoumanis AHistoryofthePacificIslands(2ndedn) StevenRogerFischer AHistoryofKorea KyungMoonHwang AHistoryoftheUnitedStates(4thedn) PhilipJenkins AHistoryofDenmark(2ndedn) KnudJ.V.Jespersen AHistoryoftheBalticStates AndresKasekamp AHistoryofAustralia MarkPeelandChristinaTwomey AHistoryofPoland(2ndedn) AnitaJ.Prazmowska AHistoryofIndia(2ndedn) PeterRobb AHistoryofChina(3rdedn) J.A.G.Roberts AHistoryofGermany PeterWende SeriesStandingOrder ISBN978–1–403–93811–4hardback ISBN978–1–403–93812–1paperback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Ifyouwouldliketoreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublished,you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state withwhichtitleyouwishtobeginyourstandingorder.(Ifyouliveoutsidethe UnitedKingdomwemaynothavetherightsforyourarea,inwhichcasewewill forwardyourordertothepublisherconcerned.) Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,Hampshire,RG216XS,UK A History of the Pacific Islands Second edition Steven Roger Fischer ©StevenRogerFischer2002,2013 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firsteditionpublished2002 Secondeditionpublished2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-0-230-36268-0 hardback ISBN 978-0-230-36269-7 ISBN 978-1-137-08812-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-08812-3 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 ToH.G.A.Hughes Contents ListofMaps x PrefacetotheSecondEdition xi PrefacetotheFirstEdition xii Acknowledgements xv Introduction xvii 1 TheFirstIslanders 1 FromSundatoSahul 1 AncientNearOceania 7 TheAustronesiansandLapita 11 IntoRemoteOceania 15 ArchaicPacificIslands 20 2 Melanesians,Micronesians,Polynesians 24 Melanesia 25 Micronesia 28 Polynesia 31 RegionalCharacteristics 42 ‘MysteryIslands’andOutliers 45 OceanicSystems 48 GenderRoles 55 SocialStructuresandWarfare 58 TraditionalProductionandEconomies 67 BeliefSystemsandArt 73 OntheEveofEuropeanIncursion 80 3 TheEuropeanTrespass 83 FirstOutsiders 83 BritainandFrance 90 Sealers,TradersandWhalers 97 Missionaries 105 vii viii CONTENTS TheOutsiders’PacificIslands 110 PacificIslandersandOutsiders 115 4 TheSecondColonization 125 ACenturyofDisplacement 125 NewZealandBecomesBritish 128 TahitiandtheFrench 135 Hawai‘i 141 Samoa 147 Tonga 151 Fiji 154 GreaterMelanesia 158 Micronesia 167 5 NewPacificIdentities 175 ColonialRealitiesintheEarly TwentiethCentury 175 NewZealandBecomesaNation 177 TheIntegrationofMelanesia 180 TheUnitedStatesinthePacific 188 TongaandWesternSamoa 189 FranceinthePacific 194 Japan’sMicronesianColonies 197 TheColonialLegacy 201 6 PacificIslandersinTransit 207 WarinthePacific 207 IslandersinUniform 211 TheChallengeofPeace 216 TowardsaFreerPacific 221 MythandReality 227 7 ReinventingPacificIslands 237 TheNuclearPacific 237 IndependenceandBeyond 247 NeocolonialismandVestigialColonialism 263 CONTENTS ix 8 The‘NewPacific’ 276 TheDiaspora 276 ChangingEconomies 283 WomeninthePacific 290 PacificSport 292 ModernPacificIdentities 295 Towardsa‘UnionofPacificIslands’ 297 SelectedFurtherReading 306 Index 320 Maps 1 SundaandSahul xxii 2 PacificIslands:Melanesia,Micronesiaand Polynesia xxiii 3 Melanesia xxiv 4 Micronesia xxv 5 TheLapitaExpansion xxvi 6 FijiandTonga xxvii 7 ‘MysteryIslands’ xxviii 8 TheOutliers xxix 9 JamesCook’sVoyagesandEuropeanPorts xxx 10 ThePacificTheatre,1941–45 xxxi 11 TheNuclearPacific,1946–96 xxxii x
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