A History of the Athonite Commonwealth: The Spiritual and Cultural Diaspora of Mount Athos PDF
Preview A History of the Athonite Commonwealth: The Spiritual and Cultural Diaspora of Mount Athos
A HISTORY OF THE ATHONITE COMMONWEALTH ThisbookexaminesthepartplayedbymonksofMountAthosinthe diffusionofOrthodoxmonasticismthroughoutEasternEuropeand beyond.Itfocusesonthelivesofoutstandingholymeninthehistory ofOrthodoxywhohavebeendrawntotheMountain,haveabsorbed the spirit of its wisdom and its prayer, and have returned to the outside world, inspired to spread the results of their labours and learning. In a remarkable demonstration of what may be termed ‘softpower’inaction,thesemenhavecarriedtheimageofAthosto allcornersoftheBalkanpeninsula,toUkraine,totheveryfarnorth of Russia, across Siberia and the Bering Strait into North America, andmostrecently(whentraditionalrouteswereclosedtothembythe curtain of communism) to the West. Their dynamic witness is the greatestgiftofAthostoaworldthirstingforspiritualguidance. grahamspeakeisfounderandChairmanoftheFriendsofMount Athos.HeisaregularvisitortoMountAthosandwasreceivedinto theOrthodoxChurchtherein1999.Trainedasaclassicist,heholdsa doctorateinGreekfromtheUniversityofOxfordandisaFellowof the Society of Antiquaries. His first book, Mount Athos: Renewal in Paradise(2ndedn,2014),wasawardedtheCriticosPrize. A HISTORY OF THE ATHONITE COMMONWEALTH The Spiritual and Cultural Diaspora of Mount Athos GRAHAM SPEAKE UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108425865 doi:10.1017/9781108349222 ©GrahamSpeake2018 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2018 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd,Padstow,Cornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. isbn978-1-108-42586-5Hardback isbn978-1-108-44432-3Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. For Thomas Contents ListofPlates pagex ListofMaps xii Preface xiii part i 1 Introduction 5 TheByzantineCommonwealth 5 TheAthoniteCommonwealth 8 2 TheMonasticLife 15 DesertMonasticism 15 UrbanMonasticism 23 MonksasMissionariesandTeachers 26 TheResurgenceofMonasticismafterIconoclasm 29 MonksasScholarsandCopyists 32 MonksasLandownersandMerchants 34 part ii 3 StAthanasiostheAthonite(c.925–1000/1):Founder ofCenobiticMonasticismonAthos 39 TheBeginningsofMonasticismonAthos 40 TheMonasticProgrammeattheLavra 44 TheLegacyofAthanasios 48 TheBenedictineMonasteryoftheAmalfitans 51 4 TheEnlightenersofGeorgia 54 StJohntheIberian(d.1005)andStEuthymiosofAthos(c.955–1028) 55 StGeorgetheHagiorite(1009–1065) 59 GregoryPakourianos(d.1086) 61 vii viii Contents 5 StAntony(983–1073)andStTheodosius(1035–1074) ofKiev:FathersofRussianMonasticism 64 TheFoundationoftheMonasteryoftheCaves 65 GrowthandProsperityoftheMonasteryoftheCaves 69 MaturityandInfluenceoftheMonasteryoftheCaves 72 6 StSava(1175–1236):IlluminatorofSerbia 77 TheFoundationofHilandarMonastery 78 Sava’sYearsonAthos 82 ReturntoSerbia 84 PilgrimagestotheChristianEast 87 7 StGregoryofSinai(c.1265–1346):Initiatorofthe ‘HesychastInternational’ 93 ATravellingMan 93 TheYearsonAthos 94 TheMovetoParoria 99 InteractionwiththeSlavs 102 8 StGregoryPalamas(1296–1359):ChampionofHesychasm onAthos 105 GregorytheHesychast 106 TheHesychastControversy:Part1 109 TheHesychastControversy:Part2 114 ArchbishopofThessaloniki 116 TheLegacyofStGregoryPalamas 120 9 StTheodosiusofTrnovo(c.1300–1363)andthe BulgarianSchoolofHesychasm 124 StTheodosiusandtheMonasteryofKilifarevo 124 StEuthymiusofTrnovo(c.1325–c.1400)andHisLiteraryReforms 127 StCyprian(c.1330–1406),MetropolitanofKievandAllRussia 132 GregoryTsamblak(c.1365–1419),InternationalHesychast 135 StRomylosofVidin(c.1300–c.1381),LinktoSerbia 142 10 StNikodimosofTismana(1320–1406):Transmitter ofHesychasmtoWallachia 145 TheArrivalofHesychasmintheRomanianLands 145 Koutloumousiou,the‘LavraofWallachia’ 149 RomanianParticipationintheAthoniteCommonwealth 154 TheDedicatedMonasteries 158 11 StSergiusofRadonezh(1314–1392)andStNilSorsky (c.1433–1508):ReviversofRussianMonasticism 161 The‘FlightintotheDesert’ 161 StSergiusandHisTrinityMonastery 162 Contents ix TheCultofStSergius 168 TheSuccessorsofStSergius 172 StNilSorsky 175 12 StMaximostheGreek(c.1470–1556):EnlightenerofRussia 182 FromArtatoItaly(c.1470–c.1505) 182 FromItalytoAthos(c.1505–1516) 185 FromAthostoMoscow(1516–1525) 188 DetentioninMoscow(1525–1556) 193 Maxim’sLegacy 196 13 StKosmastheAetolian(1714–1779):Teacherof theGreekNation,ApostletotheAlbanians 199 EarlyYearsandElementaryEducation 200 AthosandtheEnlightenment 201 TheMissionofKaisariosDapontes 203 FrKosmas’sMinistry 205 MartyrdominAlbania 211 14 StPaisyVelichkovsky(1722–1794):ReviverofHesychasm 213 ArrivalonMountAthos 214 AnAthoniteBrotherhood 216 Paisy’sLegacytoMountAthos 217 TheSearchforPatristicTexts 219 TheKollyvadesandthePhilokalia 221 Paisy’sLegacytoRussia 224 WritersasDisciplesoftheElders 226 15 StNikodimosoftheHolyMountain(1749–1809): EditorofthePhilokalia 234 Athos,theKollyvades,andthePhilokalia 235 ReceptionofthePhilokalia 240 Nikodimos’sOtherWritings 242 16 AthosandtheWest 249 TheMotor-BoatAge 249 AthosComestoEngland 253 AthosComestoNorthAmerica 258 AthosComestoFrance 263 Epilogue 270 Glossary 275 SelectBibliography 278 Index 283
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