A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200 PDF
Preview A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200
A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1200 Third Edition M. C. Ricklefs 0333_801008preiv.fm Page i Friday, October 19, 2001 11:36 AM A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1200 Third Edition 0333_801008preiv.fm Page ii Friday, October 19, 2001 11:36 AM Related titles from Palgrave A History of Malaysia, 2nd edition Barbara Watson Andaya and Leonard Y. Andaya A History of South East Asia, 4th edition D. G. E. Hall A History of Japan Kenneth G. Henshall A Short History of Asia Colin Mason A History of China J. A. G. Roberts South East Asia: Past and Present, 4th edition D. R. SarDesai The Rise of Asia Frank B. Tipton 0333_801008preiv.fm Page iii Friday, October 19, 2001 11:36 AM A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1200 Third Edition M. C. Ricklefs 0333_801008preiv.fm Page iv Friday, October 19, 2001 11:36 AM © M. C. Ricklefs 1981, 1993, 2001 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 0–333–80099–0 hardback ISBN 0–333–80100–8 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Creative Print & Design Ltd (Wales), Ebbw Vale 0333_801008previ.fm Page v Friday, October 19, 2001 11:37 AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Maps ix Preface to the First Edition x Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the Third Edition xiv A Note on Orthography xv Abbreviations and Acronyms xvii I The Emergence of the Modern Era 1 The Coming of Islam 3 2 General Aspects of Pre-Colonial States and Major Empires, c.1300–1500 18 3 The Arrival of the Europeans in Indonesia, c.1509–1620 25 4 The Rise of New States, c.1500–1650 36 5 Literary, Religious and Cultural Legacies 59 II Struggles for Hegemony, c.1630–1800 6 Eastern Indonesia, c.1630–1800 73 7 Western Indonesia, c.1640–1800 84 8 Java, c.1640–82 91 9 Java, Madura and the VOC, c.1680–1745 105 10 Java and the VOC, c.1745–92 126 III The Creation of a Colonial State, c.1800–1910 11 Java, 1792–1830 143 12 Java, 1830–1900 155 13 The Outer Islands, c.1800–1910 171 v 0333_801008previ.fm Page vi Friday, October 19, 2001 11:37 AM Contents IV The Emergence of the Idea of Indonesia, c.1900–42 14 A New Colonial Age 193 15 The First Steps towards National Revival, c.1900–27 206 16 Repression and Economic Crisis, 1927–42 227 V The Destruction of the Colonial State, 1942–50 17 The Second World War and the Japanese Occupation, 1942–5 247 18 The Revolution, 1945–50 261 VI Independent Indonesia 19 The Democratic Experiment, 1950–7 289 20 Guided Democracy, 1957–65 312 21 Creating the New Order, 1965–75 342 22 The New Order at its Peak, 1976–88 366 23 The Challenge, Crisis and Collapse of the New Order, 1989–98 387 24 Indonesia since Soeharto 408 Notes and References 422 Bibliography 441 Maps 470 Index 480 vi 0333_801008xviii.fm Page vii Friday, October 19, 2001 11:37 AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Illustrations Graves at the Trawulan site, East Java 5 Mosque of Wapauwe, Hila, Ambon, locally said to have been constructed in 1414 9 Caretakers at the grave of Sunan Giri, traditionally said to have died c.1506, Gresik, East Java 13 Mosque at Kudus, north coast of Java, dated AH956/AD1549, reflecting Old Javanese architectural styles 44 Gravesite of Sunan Bayat, Tembayat, Central Java; the gateway erected by Sultan Agung in 1633 is in the centre of the photograph 54 From a wayang kulit set made by Yogyakarta Sultan Hamengkubuwana VIII (1921–39): the character Gathotkaca from the Javanese version of the Bharatayuddha 63 Grave of Shaikh Yusuf Makasar (1626–99), Ujung Pandang, Sulawesi 103 Captain Tack depicted in Javanese theatre as a wayang ogre, and Surapati as hero 108 Batavia city hall, built in 1710, now restored in the older area of modern Jakarta 119 Old houses in the former Chinese quarter of Batavia, now a part of the modern capital city of Jakarta 120 Inside the kraton of Yogyakarta, established by Sultan Hamengkubuwana I in 1755–6 130 The former residence of Governor-General H. W. Daendels (1808–11), on Medan Merdeka, Jakarta 146 vii 0333_801008xviii.fm Page viii Friday, October 19, 2001 11:37 AM List of Illustrations President Sukarno with Vice-President Hatta and Prime Minister Sjahrir, Yogyakarta, 1946 270 Al-Azhar mosque, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, built after independence and reflecting Middle Eastern architectural influences 344 General Soeharto, 1966 350 Modern Jakarta, 1998 372 Modern mosque in Ujung Pandang, Sulawesi, built in the 1990s with a five-pointed ‘Pancasila style’ roof 400 The 1998 riots: a devastated shopping street in the Mangga Dua district of Jakarta 406 President B. J. Habibie in 1999 Reproduced courtesy of Rex Features Ltd 409 Student banner at the Medical Faculty, University of Indonesia, central Jakarta, 1999, demanding reform, democracy, the rule of law and the prosecution of Soeharto 416 Vice-President Megawati Sukarnoputri with President Abdurrahman Wahid Reproduced courtesy of Rex Features Ltd 419 Street banners in Jakarta, June 1999. The upper banner demands that the investigation of former President Soeharto be stopped lest there be bloodshed. The lower banner urges people to give blood to the Indonesian Red Cross. 420 viii 0333_801008xviii.fm Page ix Friday, October 19, 2001 11:37 AM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Maps The Indonesian archipelago 471 Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula 472 Java and Madura (Part A: West) 473 Java and Madura (Part B: East) 474 Bali and Lombok 475 Kalimantan 476 Eastern Indonesia 477 Archipelago topography 478 The Second World War in the Pacific, with dates of major Allied battle victories, 1942–5 479 ix
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