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A History of Islam in America PDF

458 Pages·2010·6.88 MB·English
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A History of Islam in America Muslims began arriving in the New World long before the rise of the Atlantic slave trade. The first recorded arrival was in the late fifteenth century when Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic in search of new horizons and trading routes. Kambiz GhaneaBassiri’s fascinat- ing book traces the history of Muslims in the United States and their different waves of immigration and conversion across five centuries, through colonial and antebellum America, through world wars and civil rights struggles, to the contemporary era. The book tells the often deeply moving stories of individual Muslims and their lives as immi- grants and citizens within the broad context of the American religious experience, showing how that experience has been integral to the evo- lution of American Muslim institutions and practices. This is a unique and intelligent portrayal of a diverse religious community and its rela- tionship with America. It will serve as a strong antidote to the current politicized dichotomy between Islam and the West, which has come to dominate the study of Muslims in America and further afield. Kambiz GhaneaBassiri is an associate professor of religion and human- ities at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. He is the author of Competing Visions of Islam in the United States: A Study of Los Angeles (1997) and has served on the editorial board of The Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States (2006) and the Encyclopedia of Muslim-American History (forthcoming). For Kamala and Daryush A History of Islam in America From the New World to the New World Order KAmbIz GHAneAbAssIrI Reed College, Oregon cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521614870 © Kambiz GhaneaBassiri 2010 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2010 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data GhaneaBassiri, Kambiz. A history of Islam in America : from the new world to the new world order / Kambiz GhaneaBassiri. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-84964-7 (hardback) 1. Islam – United States – History. 2. Muslims – United States. I. Title. bp67.u6g43 2010 297.0973–dc22 2010006223 isbn 978-0-521-84964-7 Hardback isbn 978-0-521-61487-0 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents List of Illustrations page vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. Islam in the “New World”: The Historical Setting 9 2. Islamic Beliefs and Practice in Colonial and Antebellum America 59 3. Conflating Race, Religion, and Progress: Social Change, National Identity, and Islam in the Post–Civil War Era 95 4. Race, Ethnicity, Religion, and Citizenship: Muslim Immigration at the Turn of the Twentieth Century 135 5. Rooting Islam in America: Community and Institution Building in the Interwar Period 165 6. Islam and American Civil Religion in the Aftermath of World War II 228 7. A New Religious America and a Post-Colonial Muslim World: American Muslim Institution Building and Activism, 1960s–1980s 272 8. Between Experience and Politics: American Muslims and the “New World Order,” 1989–2008 327 Epilogue 379 Select Bibliography 383 Index 427 v Illustrations 1. ‘Umar ibn Said page 19 2. A session of the 1893 World’s Parliament of Religions 107 3. Mohammed Alexander Russell Webb 114 4. Royal Musicians of Hindustan 127 5. A children’s class at the “Moslem Temple” of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, circa 1945 186 6. Members of the Moorish Science Temple at a 1928 annual gathering 201 7. Mohamed Duse 205 8. Mufti Muhammad Sadiq 210 9. “Ahmadia Moslem Mosque and Mission House” 211 10. Muhammad Sadiq addressing a gathering at the Auto-Worker’s Hall in Detroit 214 11. Mirza Ahmad F. L. Andersen 214 12. Sheikh Ahmad Din 215 13. Mrs. Rahatullah Thaha 215 14. Mrs. Khairat Thomas, Mrs. Zeineb Watts, Mrs. Ahmadia Robinson, and Mrs. Ayesha Clark 216 15. Cartoon by E. Majied in Muhammad Speaks (16 September 1965) 233 16. Cartoon by E. Majied in Muhammad Speaks (16 April 1965) 244 vii viii List of Illustrations 17. “Guide to Peace, Justice” 245 18. Islamic Center of Washington, D.C. 256 19. The Islamic Center of America 299 20. The shrine of Bawa Muhaiyaddeen and the Fellowship Cemetery 302

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