A History of India Volume II: Medieval to Modern Times

343 Pages·1979·23.951 MB·English

by  K. Antonova, G. Bongard-Levin, G. Kotovsky

AH istorq of ludia
K. Anton ova, G.Bongard-Levin, G. Kotovsky
In Two Books
BOOK
2
Progress Publishers • Moscow
Translated (rom the Russian b). . KATHERINE JUDEUiON
Designed by Y. LILOV
K. A. AJnoaoaa. I'. M. lioarapA-..1\eBRB, I'. I'. Koroaclad
HCTOPIUI HH.l\HH
KHHfA BTOPAJt
Firs~ printing \978.
e
}bJI;>.Te.JU.C'11>0 •MWc.m.•. 1973
English trans\auon of revised Russian text. 4;1 Progress Publishers 1979
Printaf in lh., Union of Sovje,l Socialisl Republics
1060!>--248
A. 102-711
014(01)-79
050400000o
CONTENTS
INDIA IN MODERN TIMES
THE BRITISH CONQUEST OF INDIA (EIGHTEENTH CENTURY)
by K. A. Antonova ........................................................................ II
The Fall of the Moghul Empire . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II
The Struggle Between the British and the French for India (1746-1763) ..... 19
The British Conquest of South India .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
The Policies of the Colonial Authorities in India: Late Eighteenth and
Early Nineteenth Centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
The Economic Development of India in the First Half of the Nineteenth
Century......................................................................................... 60
The Final Stage of the Conquest of India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Anti-Colonial Protest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
The Emergence of a Movement of the Bourgeoisie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The Great Popular Uprising of 1857-1859 ............................................... 70
Indian Culture in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
INDIA AT THE ONSET OF IMPERIALISM (1860-1897) by G. G. Kotovsky 85
Changes in the System of Colonial Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
India's Economic Development Between the 1860s and the 1890s ............. 90
The National Liberation Struggle of the Peoples of India Between the
1860s and the 1890s ......................................... ,.............................. 101
The Emergence of Bourgeois Nationalism and Its V~U"ious Trends............. 110
INDIA IN THE PERIOD OF PRE-WAR IMPERIALISM,
AS ASIA AWAKENS (1897-1917) by G. G. Kotovsky ........................ .... 116
Mounting Contradictions Between Britain and India ................................ 116
The Risina Tide of the Revolutionary Movement in 1905-1908 .................. 123
India on the Eve of the First World War and Durina the War Years ........ 134
RECENT HISTORY OF INDIA
THE FIRST REVOLUTIONARY ONSLAUGHT AND THE
EMERGENCE OF POLmCAL MASS ORGANISATIONS (1918-1927)
by G. G. Kotovsky ...................... .................... ...... .......... ...... .... .... . 153
Hiah TKie of the National Liberation Movement..................................... 153
The Counter-Offensive of British Imperialism......................................... 171
The Emergence of a Communist Movement in India and the Formation of
Workers' and Peasants' Political Organisations................................... 176
THE RISE OF THE ANTI-IMPERIALIST MOVEMENT
AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A UNITED FRONT (1928-1939)
by G. G. Korovslcy ......... .................... ............... ........... ... ... . . .. . .... . . . 185
A New Ollpter in the National Liberation StJua1e .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . 185
1be Left Fon:es Assume a Stronger Position in the National Movement.
StJuate for Leadership Intensifies .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 203
Propess Towuds a United National Front. The Intensification of the
Struak Witbin the COOIRSS .. .... .. .. .. ..... .. ... ...... .. .. • .. • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. 209
INDIA IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR by G. G. Kotovslcy................. 218
The Position of the Political Parties and the Anti-Imperialist Movement
During the Early War Years (1939-1941) ............................................ 218
The ~August Revolution" of 1942 and British Colonial Rule..................... 224
The Ecooomic and Political Situation in India in the Last Years of the
Wu: (1943-1945) .............................................................................. 226
THE FINAL STAGE IN THE STRUGGLE
FOR INDEPENDENCE (194.5-1947) by G. G. Kotovsky ........................ .. 233
·j The Mass Movement in 194.5-1946 and the Political Manoeuvrina of the
British Imperialists ......................................................................... . 233
:__./ On the Road to Freedom .................................................................... . 243
THE DOMINION OF INDIA by G. G. Kotovsky ................................ .. 249
v' First Steps on the Road to Independence .............................................. . 249
lnteusified ~~ Strugle .................................................................... . 260
THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA: BUILDING THE FOUNDATIONS
OF INDEPENDENCE (1950-1964)by G. G. Kotovsky ............................. 266
Internal Political Situation of the Early 1950s ......................................... 266
Economic and Social Policy ................................................................. 274
The Emergence of the Nehru Une in India's Domestic and Foreign
Policy ......................... _................................................................ 288
THE STRUGGLE TO PURSUE
THE NEHRU LINE (1964-1972) by G. G. Kotovsky .............................. 310
The Growing Economic and Political Crisis............................................ 310
Consolidation of the Left Forces .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 319
INDIA IN THE MID-SEVENTIES: DEEPENING CONTRADICTIONS
IN THE INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT (1973-1977) by G. G. Kotovsky 327
Economic Situation in the Mid-Seventies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .... .. . 327
Internal Political Situation in 1973-1975 .................................................. 330
A Turning-Point in India's Internal Political Development:
the Emergency and the 1977 Elections .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 333
Foreign Policy .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 337

ludla lu Modem Times
K.Antonova, G.Kotovsh