A HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA LITERATURE Blake Allmendinger’s A History of California Literature surveys the paradoxicalimageoftheGoldenStateasasiteofdreamsanddisen- chantment, formidable beginnings, and ruinous ends. This history encompassestheprismaticnatureofCaliforniabyexploringavariety ofhistoricalperiods,literarygenres,andculturalmovementsaffecting the state’s development, from the colonial era to the twenty-first century. Written by a host of leading historians and literary critics, thisbookoffers readers insight intothe tensions andcontradictions that have shaped the literary landscape of California and also Americanliteraturegenerally. blake allmendinger isProfessorofAmericanLiteratureatthe UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,wherehespecializesinlitera- ture of the American West. He is the author of The Cowboy: Representations of Labor in an American Work Culture, Ten Most Wanted: The New Western Literature, Imagining the African AmericanWest,andTheMelonCapitaloftheWorld:AMemoir.He is alsothecoeditorofOvertheEdge:RemappingtheAmerican West andhasreceivedfellowshipsfromtheAmericanCouncilofLearned SocietiesandtheNationalEndowmentfortheHumanities. A HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA LITERATURE edited by BLAKE ALLMENDINGER UCLA 32AvenueoftheAmericas,NewYork,ny10013-2473,usa CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107052093 ©BlakeAllmendinger2015 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2015 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData AhistoryofCalifornialiterature/editedbyBlakeAllmendinger. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. isbn978-1-107-05209-3(hardback) 1. Americanliterature–California–Historyandcriticism. 2. Literatureandsociety– California. 3. California–Intellectuallife. 4. California–Inliterature.I.Allmendinger, Blake,editor. ps283.c2h57 2015 810.9′9794–dc23 2015004549 isbn978-1-107-05209-3Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof urlsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents Listofcontributors pageix Introduction 1 BlakeAllmendinger part i: beginnings 1 TalesofNativeCalifornia 17 PaulApodaca 2 IndigenousPeoplesunderColonialRule 30 LisbethHaas 3 SpanishandMexicanLiterature 43 VincentPérez part ii: the american presence 4 WhiteExplorersandTravelers 61 DavidWyatt 5 TheGoldRush 75 NicolasS.Witschi 6 CaliforniaNatureWriters 88 StevenPavlosHolmes part iii: contested spaces 7 TheBlackFrontier 105 AparajitaNanda v vi Contents 8 CaliforniaasPoliticalTopography:AsianAmericanLiterature before1980 123 CatherineFung 9 MexicanAmericanLiterature 139 ManuelM.Martin-Rodriguez part iv: social change and literary experimentation 10 TheProtestFictionofFrankNorris,UptonSinclair, JackLondon,andJohnSteinbeck 157 SusanShillinglaw 11 Dreams,Denial,andDepression-EraFiction 171 JanGoggans 12 ModernismintheEarlyTwentiethCentury 182 GenevaM.Gano 13 TheHard-BoiledCaliforniaNovel 199 WilliamMarling part v: alternative voices 14 WritingtheHiddenCalifornia 215 PhillipH.Round 15 TheBeats 231 KurtHemmer 16 BayAreaPoetics,1944–1981 246 KaplanPageHarris 17 LosAngelesPoetryfromtheMcCarthytothePunkEras 260 BrianStefans part vi: creating communities 18 AfricanAmericanUprising 283 CharlesToombs 19 OfCarnalesandCoyotes:Chicana/oLiteratureofCalifornia 295 AnneGoldman Contents vii 20 InterracialEncounters:FaceandPlaceinPost-1980 AsianAmericanLiterature 309 King-KokCheung part vii: the search for utopia 21 CaliforniaandtheQueerUtopianImagination:1981–2014 327 CaelKeegan 22 ModernCaliforniaNatureWriting 343 MichaelKowalewski 23 MakingCalifornia’sTownsandSmallCitiesVisibleinthe Twenty-FirstCentury 358 NancyS.Cook 24 ScienceFictionandMysteriousWorlds 371 LynnMieItagaki Conclusion 385 BlakeAllmendinger Bibliography 391 Index 413