A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN ALL COUNTRIES FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY Volume II PDF
Preview A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN ALL COUNTRIES FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY Volume II
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of Architecture in All Countries, Volume 2, 3rd ed., by James Fergusson This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: A History of Architecture in All Countries, Volume 2, 3rd ed. From the Earliest Times to the Present Day Author: James Fergusson Editor: Richard Phené Spiers Release Date: November 1, 2017 [EBook #55872] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE *** Produced by Sonya Schermann, Albert László and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Transcriber’s Note The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain. Scale bars marked '1 in.' have been added to illustrations for which a scale is given (e.g. 50 ft. to 1 in.) to indicate the size of the image as printed in the original book. Ditto marks have been replaced by the text they represent. Some corrections have been made to the printed text. These are listed in a second transcriber’s note at the end of the text. PORTAL OF THE CONVENT AT BELEM, NEAR LISBON. ii iii A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN ALL COUNTRIES, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRESENT DAY. By JAMES FERGUSSON, D.C.L., F.R.S., M.R.A.S., FELLOW ROYAL INST. BRIT. ARCHITECTS, &c. &c. &c. Façade of Church at Tourmanin. IN FIVE VOLUMES.—Vol. II. THIRD EDITION. Edited by R. PHENÉ SPIERS, F.S.A., FELLOW ROYAL INST. BRITISH ARCHITECTS. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, 1893. The right of Translation is reserved. FERGUSSON’S ARCHITECTURE. Third Edition, with 330 Illustrations, 2 vols., medium 8vo, 31s. 6d. A HISTORY OF THE MODERN STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE. By the late JAMES FERGUSSON, F.R.S. A New Edition, Revised and Enlarged. With a Special Account of the Architecture of America. By ROBERT KERR, Professor of Architecture at King’s College, London. BY THE SAME. New and Cheaper Edition, with 400 Illustrations, medium 8vo, 31s. 6d. A HISTORY OF INDIAN AND EASTERN ARCHITECTURE. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. iv CONTENTS OF VOL. II. PART II.—CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE. (Continued.) BOOK II.—ITALY. (Continued.) CHAP. PAGE VII. Circular churches—Towers at Prato and Florence—Porches—Civic buildings—Town-halls—Venice— Doge’s Palace—Cà d’Oro—Conclusion 1 VIII. Sicily—Population of Sicily—The Saracens—Buildings at Palermo—Cathedral of Monreale—Cefalu— The Pointed Arch 22 IX. Gothic Architecture in Palestine—Church of Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem—Churches at Abû Gosh and Lydda —Mosque at Hebron 32 BOOK III.—FRANCE. I. Division of subject—Pointed arches—Provence—Churches at Avignon, Arles, Alet, Fontifroide, Maguelonne, Vienne—Circular churches—Towers—Cloisters 39 II. Aquitania—Churches at Périgueux, Souillac, Angoulême, Alby, Toulouse, Conques, Tours—Tombs 64 III. Anjou—Cathedral at Angers—Church at Fontevrault—Poitiers—Angiovine spires 81 IV. Auvergne—Church at Issoire—Clermont—Fortified Church at Royat 89 V. Burgundy—Church of St. Martin d’Ainay—Cathedral at le Puy-en-Velay—Abbeys of Tournus and Cluny— Cathedral of Autun—Church of St. Menoux 94 VI. Frankish Province—Exceptional buildings—Basse Œuvre, Beauvais—Montier-en-Der 104 v VII. Normandy—Triapsal Churches—Churches at Caen—Intersecting Vaulting—Bayeux 110 VIII. Frankish Architecture—Historical notice—The pointed arch—Freemasonry—Mediæval architects 120 IX. French Gothic Cathedrals—Paris—Chartres—Rheims—Amiens—Other Cathedrals—Later style—St. Ouen’s, Rouen 130 X. Gothic details—Pillars—Windows—Circular Windows—Bays—Vaults—Buttresses—Pinnacles—Spires— Decoration—Construction—Furniture of Churches—Domestic architecture 161 BOOK IV.—BELGIUM AND HOLLAND. I. Historical notice—Old Churches—Cathedral of Tournay—Antwerp—St. Jacques at Liège 187 II. Civil Architecture—Belfries—Hall at Ypres—Louvain—Brussels—Domestic architecture 199 III. Holland—Churches—Civil and Domestic Buildings 206 BOOK V.—GERMANY. I. Introductory—Chronology and Historical notice 209 II. Basilicas—Plan of St. Gall—Church at Reichenau—Romain-Motier—Granson—Church at Gernrode— Trèves—Hildesheim—Cathedrals of Worms and Spires—Churches at Cologne—Other Churches and Chapels—Double Churches—Swiss Churches 213 III. Circular Churches—Aix-la-Chapelle—Nymwegen—Fulda—Bonn—Cobern 247 IV. Domestic Architecture—Lorsch—Palaces on the Wartburg—Gelnhausen—Houses—Windows 255 V. Pointed Style in Germany—History of style—St. Gereon, Cologne—Churches at Gelnhausen—Marburg— Cologne Cathedral—Freiburg—Strasburg—St. Stephen’s, Vienna—Nuremberg—Mühlhausen—Erfurt 264 VI. Circular Churches—Church Furniture—Civil Architecture—Town-hall at Brunswick 292 vi VII. Northern Germany—Brick Architecture—Churches at Lubeck—in Brandenburg—in Ermeland—Castle at Marienburg 302 BOOK VI.—SCANDINAVIA. I. Sweden—Norway—Denmark—Gothland—Round Churches—Wooden Churches 313 BOOK VII.—ENGLAND. I. Introductory 335 II. Saxon Architecture 341 III. English Mediæval Architecture—Plans of English Cathedral Churches—Vaults—Pier Arches—Window tracery—External Proportions—Diversity of Style—Situation—Chapter-Houses—Chapels—Parish Churches—Details—Tombs—Civil and Domestic Architecture 345 IV. Architecture of Scotland—Affinities of Style—Early Specimens—Cathedral of Glasgow—Elgin—Melrose —Other Churches—Monasteries 418 V. Ireland—Oratories—Round Towers—Domical Dwellings—Domestic Architecture—Runic Cross Decoration 443 BOOK VIII.—SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. I. Spain—Introductory 460 II. Romanesque Churches at Naranco, Roda, and Leon—Early Spanish Gothic: Churches at Santiago, Zamora, Toro, Avila, Salamanca, and Tarragona—Middle Pointed style: Churches at Toledo, Burgos, Leon, Barcelona, Manresa, Gerona, Seville—Late Gothic style: Churches at Segovia, Villena—Moresco style: Churches at Toledo, Ilescas, and Saragoza 464 III. Civil Architecture—Monastic Buildings—Municipal Buildings—Castles 502 vii IV. Portugal—Church of Batalha—Alcobaça—Belem 507 PART III.—SARACENIC AND ANCIENT AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE. BOOK I. I. Saracenic Architecture in Christian Countries; or, Byzantine Saracenic—Introduction 512 II. Syria and Egypt—Mosques at Jerusalem—El Aksah—Dome of the Rock—Mosque at Damascus—Egypt— Mosques at Cairo—Mosque at Kerouan—Other African buildings—Mecca 516 III. Spain—Introductory Remarks—Mosque at Cordoba—Palace at Zahra—Churches at Sta. Maria and Cristo de la Luz at Toledo—Giralda at Seville—Palace of the Alcazar—The Alhambra—Sicily 542 IV. Turkey—Mosques of Mahomet II.—Suleimanie and Ahmedjie Mosques—Mosques of Sultanas Validé, and of Osman III.—Civil and Domestic Architecture—Fountains, &c. 556 V. Persia—Historical notice—Tombs at Bagdad—Imaret at Erzeroum—Mosque at Tabreez—Tomb at Sultanieh—Bazaar at Ispahan—College of Husein Shah—Palaces and other Buildings—Turkestan 567 BOOK II.—ANCIENT AMERICA. I. Introductory 583 II. Central America—Historical notice—Central American style—Temples—Palaces—Buildings at Palenque— Uxmal, &c. 589 III. Peru—Historical notice—Titicaca—Tombs—Walls of Cuzco, &c. 600 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. NO. PAGE Frontispiece.—Portal of the Convent at Belem, near Lisbon. Vignette to Title-page.—Façade of Church at Tourmanin. Frontispiece to Part II. (continued).—View of Cologne Cathedral xvi 513. Plan of Baptistery, Parma 2 514. Baptistery at Parma, half Section half Elevation 2 515. View of the Duomo at Prato 3 516. Torracio at Cremona 4 517. Campanile, Palazzo Scaligeri, Verona 5 518. Campanile, S. Andrea, Mantua 6 519. Campanile at Florence 7 520. North Porch, Sta. Maria Maggiore, Bergamo 9 521. Palace of the Jurisconsults at Cremona 11 522. Broletto at Como 12 523. Ornamental Brickwork from the Broletto at Brescia 13 524. Window from the Cathedral of Monza 14 525, 526. Windows from Verona 15 viii 527. Central Part of the Façade of the Doge’s Palace, Venice 16 528. Palace of Cà d’Oro, Venice 18 529. Angle Window at Venice 19 530. Ponte del Paradiso, Venice 20 531. San Giovanni degli Eremiti, Palermo 25 532. Plan of Church at Monreale 26 533. Portion of the Nave, Monreale 27 534. Lateral Entrance to Cathedral at Palermo 28 535. East End of Cathedral at Palermo 29 536. Plan of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem 34 537. Holy Sepulchre—Plan and Elevation as it existed before the fire in 1808 35 538. Plan of Church at Abû Gosh 36 539. Section of East End of same 36 540. Section of East End of Church at Lydda 37 541. Plan of Apse of Church at Lydda 37 542. Plan of Mosque at Hebron 38 543. Diagram of the Architectural Divisions of France 41 544. Diagram of Vaulting 46 545. Diagram of Dome pendentives 47 546. Section of Church at Carcassonne, with the outer aisles added in the 14th century 48 547. Porch of Notre Dame de Doms, Avignon 51 548. Porch of St. Trophime, Arles 52 549. Apse of Church at Alet 53 550. Internal Angle of Apse at Alet 54 551. Elevation of half one Bay of the Exterior of St. Paul-Trois-Châteaux 55 552. Half bay of Interior of same 55 553. Longitudinal and Cross Section of Fontifroide Church 56 554. Doorway in Church at Maguelonne 57 555. Plan of Cathedral, Vienne 58 556. Plan of Church at Planes 59 557. Tower at Puissalicon 60 558. Church at Cruas 61 559. Cloister at Fontifroide 62 560, 561. Capitals in Cloister, Elne 62 562. Plan of St. Front, Périgueux 64 563. Part of St. Front, Périgueux 65 564. Interior of Church at Souillac 67 565. Plan of Cathedral at Angoulême 68 566. One Bay of Nave, Angoulême 68 567. Plan of Church at Moissac 69 568. Plan of Cathedral at Alby 69 569. Plan of Church of the Cordeliers, at Toulouse 70 570. Section of Church of the Cordeliers 71 571. Angle of Church of the Cordeliers 71 572. Plan of St. Sernin, Toulouse 72 573. Section of St. Sernin 72 574. Plan of Church at Conques 73 575. Plan of St. Martin at Tours 74 576. Plan of Church at Charroux 75 577. Plan of St. Benigne, Dijon 75 578. St. Sernin, Toulouse 77 579. Church at Aillas 78 580. Church at Loupiac 78 581. St. Eloi, Espalion 79 582. Tomb at St. Pierre, Toulouse 80 583. Plan of Cathedral at Angers 82 584. Plan of St. Trinité, Angers 82 585. View of the Interior of Loches 83 586. Plan of Church at Fontevrault 83 587. View of Chevet at Fontevrault 84 588. Elevation of one of the Bays of the Nave at Fontevrault 84 589. Façade of Church of Notre Dame at Poitiers 85 590. Plan of Cathedral at Poitiers 86 591. Spire at Cunault 87 592. Plan of Church at Issoire 89 593. Elevation of Church at Issoire 90 594. Section of Church at Issoire, looking East 90 595. Elevation of Chevet, Notre Dame du Port, Clermont 91 ix 596. Plan of Chevet of same 92 597. Fortified Church at Royat 93 598. Façade of Church of St. Martin d’Ainay, Lyons 95 599. Cloister of Cathedral of Le Puy-en-Velay 96 600. View of Interior of Abbey at Tournus 97 601. Plan of Abbey Church at Cluny 98 602. View in Aisle at Autun 100 603. View in Nave at Autun 100 604. Section of Narthex at Vezelay 101 605. East End, St. Menoux 102 606. Chevet, St. Menoux 103 607. Plan and Section of Basse Œuvre, Beauvais 105 608. External and Internal View of Basse Œuvre 106 609. Decoration of St. Généreux 107 610. Section of Eastern portion of Church of Montier-en-Der 108 611. Triapsal Church at Querqueville 110 612. Plan of the Church of St. Stephen, Caen 112 613. Western Façade of same 113 614. Section of Nave of same 114 615. Diagram of Vaulting of same 115 616. Elevation of Compartment of Nave of St. Stephen, Caen 115 617. Compartment, Abbaye-aux-Dames, Caen 116 618. East End of St. Nicolas, Caen 117 619. Lower Compartment, Nave, Bayeux 118 620. Plan of Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris 132 621. Section of Side-aisles, of same 133 622. External Elevation of same 133 623. Plan of Chartres Cathedral 134 624. Plan of Rheims Cathedral 135 625. Plan of Amiens Cathedral 135 626. View of the Façade of the Cathedral at Paris 136 627. North-west View of the Cathedral at Chartres 138 628. Buttress at Chartres 139 629. Buttresses at Rheims 139 630. Bay of Nave of Beauvais Cathedral 142 631. Doorway, South Transept, Beauvais 143 632. Plan of Cathedral at Noyon 144 633. Spires of Laon Cathedral 145 634. View of Cathedral at Coutances 146 635. Lady Chapel, Auxerre 147 636. Plan of Cathedral at Troyes 148 637. Façade of Cathedral at Troyes 149 638. Window of Cathedral at Lyons 150 639. Plan of Cathedral at Bazas 150 640. Plan of Cathedral at Bourges 151 641. Section of Cathedral at Bourges 152 642. View in the Church of Charité sur Loire 154 643. Chevet, Pontigny 155 644. West Front of Ste. Marie de l’Épine 156 645. Plan of Church of St. Ouen at Rouen 157 646. Church of St. Ouen from the S.E. 158 647. Southern Porch of same 159 648. Diagram of plans of Pillars 162 649. Window, St. Martin, Paris 163 650. Window in Nave of Cathedral at Chartres 163 651. Window in Choir of Cathedral at Chartres 163 652. Window at Rheims 164 653. Window at St. Ouen 164 654. Window at Chartres 165 655. West Window, Chartres 166 656. Transept Window, Chartres 166 657. West Window, Rheims 166 658. West Window, Evreux 166 659. West Window, St. Ouen 167 660. Diagram of Vaulting 169 661. Abbey Church, Souvigny 170 662. Diagram of Buttresses 172
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