A handbook on the steam engine, with especial reference to small and medium-sized engines, for the use of engine makers, mechanical draughtsmen, engineering students, and users of steam power

1902·19.6 MB·English

by  Haeder, Hermann, 1854-1920

ADVERTlSEMElfTS.
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Professor E.A.Allcut
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Castings in Bronze, Brass and Gun and White Metals,
Machined if required.
ROLLED PHOSPHOR BRONZE, Strip and Sheet, for
Air Pump Valves, Eccentric Strap Liners, etc.
HIKE find TELEPHONE WIRE.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
THE PHOSPHOR BRONZE CO,
LIMITED,
87, Sumner Street, Southwark, London, S.E.
And at BIRMINGHAM.
Sole Makers of the j3Sr%jg "COG WHEEL" and
"VULCAN" iSPI^flfiC Brands of
The best and most durableAlloysforSlide Valves, Bearings, Bushes,
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wear ; Pump Rods, Pumps, Piston Rings, Pinions, Worm Wheels, Motor
Gearing, etc.
"DURO METAL"
(REGISTERED TRADE MARK).
Alloy B, specially adapted for BEARINGS for HOT-NECK ROLLS.
CASTINGS
In BRONZE, BRASS, GUN and WHITE METALS,
in the Rough, or Machined, if required.
ROLLED AND DRAWN BRONZE, GERMAN SILVER, GUN METAL, TIN,
WHITE METALS AND ALUMINIUM BRONZE ALLOYS
PHOSPHOR TIN & PHOSPHOR COPPER, "Cog-Wheel"
Brand.
Please specifythe Manufacture of THE PHOSPHOR BRONZE
CO., Ltd., of Southwark, London.
ADVERTISEMENTS,
lii
ROBEY & Co
GLOBE WORKS,
LINCOLN.
ModCompoundHorizontalFixedEngine,
>itn.-Ui1tmiiili I'm.iiiT.r-tnteTcio-inpomKxiictailimaitoiuiu(vic:iinr.titno-lmnairjtkheet,liamnpldworking
;.|ieitotheNewcastle-nil-Tvm
mintlam. BrUba.tniteStEalteicotnri(cMXTrlaarmg-eengines),alsoSt.Helens
Open-frontHigh-speedVertical
e,forelectriclighting.
All thete Engine* are specially
Dengned and Adapted for Electric
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OrncBfl AXD SHOWROOMS
79, ftUEEW VICTORIA STREET,
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ImprovedCompound"Robey"UndertypeEngine.
HANDBOOK
A
ON THE
STEAM
EIsTG-HsTE
WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO
SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENGINES
FOR THE USE OF ENGINE MAKERS, MECHANICAL
DRAUGHTSMEN, ENGINEERING STUDENTS,
AND USERS OF STEAM POWER
BY HERMANN HAEDER, CIVIL ENGINEER
TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN, WITH CONSIDERABLE
ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS
BY H. H. P. POWLES
ASSOC. MEMB. INST. C.E., M.I.H.E.
(Bngfiefl <&ifton+ (getneefc
LONDON
CROSBY LOCKWOOD AND SON
7, STATIONERS'-HALL COURT, LUDGATE HILL
1902
H
635040
BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO. LD., PRINTERS,
LONDON AND TONBRIDGE.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.
IN thi; present condition of the markets, makers must not
occupy too much time in calculationsormathematical research,
but collecting results from actual practice, must note them in a
convenient form, though not as formulae, since formulae are
only useful "within certain limits, there always being a risk of
error in calculation. If anyone compares the results of the
formulae ofone writer with those of another, he will often find
great discrepancies between them.
The present work aims at showing the results of practical
experience. Letterpress has been reduced as much as possible,
to allow of the introduction of numerous tables and drawings,
these being the language oftechnical people.
To those firms and others who have supplied me with infor-
mation, I return my best thanks. May the book and its
method gain many friends !
AUTHOR'S PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.
THE first edition of this book had such a favourable recep-
tion in technical circles, that within a year a second editionhas
been found necessary.
Encouraged by this success, I have spared neither trouble
nor expense to extend the usefulness of the work, and with
that object have introduced a large number of additional
figures.
To the numerous technical friends who have favoured me
with communications on the subject, I return my grateful
thanks, with a request for them to assist me with further
exchange ofideas.
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
IN preparing this work for an English edition, the plan of
the Author has been adhered to as closely as possible, the theo-
retical part being treated very briefly, and formulae; given
only when necessary ; whilst numerous tables of dimensions of
engine-details, taken from actual examples, and accompanied
by illustrations, are appended. These will afford means of
comparing the results of Continental with those of English
practice.
To the present Edition there have been added examples,
with tables and illustrations, of standard types of English
Engines by several well-known makers, who have kindly
supplied for the purpose dimensions and drawings.
As thus adapted to our own practice, it is hoped that the
present edition of the work will be found by many English
Engineers, and Mechanical Draughtsmen in particular, to
answer a very useful purpose, not as yet fulfilled by any other
publication.
To make the tables as clear as possible, the dimensions have
been given, in almost every case, uniformly in inches.
LONDON, May, 1893.
NOTE TO THIRD ENGLISH EDITION.
The whole work has again been carefully revised and the
necessary corrections made. Some of the tables have been
extended and some new matter added where
necessary.
LONDON, Aygust, 1902.
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
PAGE
HistoricalNotes , , , 1 4
SECTION
I.
TYPES OF STEAM ENGINES.
OutlineDiagramsshowingArrangementsofCylindersandFrames 5 14
SECTION
II.
DETAILS OF STEAM ENGINES.
Sectionsof Frames, Horizontal andVertical, withTablesof Dimen-
sions; Crank-shaftBearingsand Brasses; Cranks, Crank-discs,
and Crank-shafts: Connecting-rods; Cross-heads ; Pistons;
Piston-rods; Cylinders ; Sicam-jackets ; Glands and Stuffing-
boxes; ValveChestsandCovers; Fly-wheels . . . 15 132
SECTION
III.
GOVERNORS.
Types with outline diagrams; Pendulum Governors ; Crank-shaft
Governors 133149
SECTION IV.
VALVE GEARS.
Slide Valves, Simple, Meyer's; Piston Valves ; Rider's Valves
Valve Diagrams for Simple Valve Gears; Valve Gears with
twoValves Valve Rod GuidesandJoints Eccentrics Mush-
roomand Do;uble-beat Valves; Corliss Valv;es . ; , 150270
Vl CONTENTS.
PAGE
SECTION V.
CONDENSERS, AIR-PUMPS, AND FEED-PUMPS.
Injector Condensers with Air Pumps, Vertical and Horizontal ;
Surface Condensers ; Feed-water Heaters . . . 271 291
SECTION VI.
EXAMPLES OF ENGINES OF CONTINENTAL MAKE,
FROM ACTUAL PRACTICE.
VertiocfalP,arHtosrizFoonutanld,atiCoonmspound ; Floor Space occupied ; Weig2ht9s2316
;
SECTION VII.
PARTICULARS OF ENGINES BY ENGLISH MAKERS.
Horizontal, Vertical, Undertype, Portable, Tandem and Coupled
Compound 317353
SECTION VIII.
COMPOUND ENGINES.
Outlines shewing arrangements ofCylinders; LeadingParticulars;
Proportion of Cylinder Volumes of Vertical and Compound
Engines; Compound PaddleEngines . . . . 354 371
SECTION IX.
INDICATOR AND INDICATOR DIAGRAMS.
TypesofIndicators; ReducingGear; Examples from Actual Prac-
tice; Defectsin Diagrams; Combined Diagrams . . 372 386
SECTION X.
CALCULATIONS FOR POWER AND STEAM CONSUMPTION.
....
Losses by Wire Drawing; Effect of Clearance; Friction; Calcula-
tions forPowerofCompound Engines 387 400