A Grammar of Christian Arabic Based Mainly on South-palestinian Texts from the First Millennium, Fasc. I: Ss 1-169 (Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium)

130 Pages·1965·21.279 MB·English

by  Joshua Blau

A GRAMMAR OF CHRISTIAN ARABIC
BASED MAINLY ON SOUTH-PALESTINIAN TEXTS
FROM THE FIRST MILLENNIUM
Dedicated to my wife Shulamith
in love and gratitude
A
CORPUS
SCRIPTORUM CHRISTIANORUM ORIENTALIUM
EDITUM OONSILIO
UNIVERSITATIS CATHOLICAE AMERICAE
ET UNIVERSITATIS CATHOLICAE LOVANIENSIS
Vol. 267 (cid:9)
SUBSIDIA.
TOMUS 27
A GRAMMAR
OF CHRISTIAN ARABIC
BASED MAINLY ON SOUTH-PALESTINIAN TEXTS
FROM THE FIRST MILLENNIUM
Fasc. I: §§ 1-169
INTRODUCTION - ORTHOGRAPHY & PHONETICS - MORPHOLOGY
by
JOSHUA BLAU
M.A., Ph. D. (Jerusalem)
Professor of Arabic
The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
Er
~
d
LOUVAIN
SECRLTARIAT DU CORPUSSCO
49, CH. DE WAVRE
1966
PREFACE
Middle Arabic, the «missing link» between Classical Arabic and
modern Arabic dialects, is of extraordinary importance for the history
of Arabic. Christian Arabic (i.e. literature written by Christians for
Christians), as employed in Southern Palestine during the first mil-
lennium, is especially suitable for the study of early Middle Arabic :
there exist many Christian manuscripts from Southern Palestine,
the oldest texts that contain so many Middle Arabic phenomena
that an ample description of Middle Arabic can be based on them.
Besides the linguistic and historical implications of such a study,
a sound philological standard may also be created for the edition
of Christian Arabic (and other Middle Arabic) texts. Since this
treatise is also destined to serve as some kind of introduction to the
history of the Arabic language in general, I have quoted parallel
phenomena from other stages of Arabic, in so far as I had access to
them. In order not to complicate the matter, as a rule I have referred
to the various stages of Arabic (e.g. to Judaeo-Arabic) as if they
were homogeneous entities (accordingly, if a parallel feature was
found, e.g., in some Judaeo-Arabic texts, as a rule I simply referred
to it as occurring in Judaeo-Arabic, thus avoiding the lengthy re-
ference to « one of the dialects of Judaeo-Arabic », etc.).
It goes without saying that a study like this, based only partly
on printed editions (which are not always trustworthy), but mainly
on manuscripts, cannot be free from misinterpretations and mis-
quotations. This is partly due to the fact that many quotations could
not be checked but in microfilm copies of the manuscripts, and other
manuscripts were at my disposal from the very beginning in microfilm
copies only. It will suffice to quote Nöldeke's words (Manddische
Grammatik, Halle an der Saale 1875, p. VII) : « Wie sehr übrigens
alle Theile dieser Grammatik der Vervollständigung fähig wären,
fühle ich nur zu gut : der, welcher zum ersten Mal den Bau einer
Sprache eingehend schildert, ohne brauchbare Vorarbeiten benutzen
zu können, wird es ja kaum vermeiden, gar Manches zu übersehn,
II(cid:9) PREFACE
was er nicht übersehn sollte, und hier und da auch einmal falsch
zu sehn ».
ABBREVIATIONS
This book was finished in December 1963. It was, as a rule, im- Abram = G. GRAF, The Life of St. Abramius, Mashriq 8 (1905), 258ff. Cf. § 1.4.2.4.
possible to include material that was published (or reached me) An. Bol. = Analecta Bollandiana, Bruxellis. Cf. § 1.4.4.14.
Anawati = ANAWATI-JOMIER, Une Papyrus Chretien en Arabe, Publications de I'In-
after that date. Some material was included in the «Addenda and
stitut Frangais d'Arch6ologie Orientale du Caire, Melanges Islamologiques II,
Emendanda» at the end of the third fascicle, and the attention of
Caire 1954, pp. 91ff (the text published p. 92). Cf. § 1.4.4.3.
the reader is duly called to them. Anazeh = C. DE LANDBERG, Glossaire de la Langue. des Bedouins `anazeh, publi6 par
During my sabbatical year in 1960/1 I had the opportunity to K.V. Zetterst6en, Recueil de travaux publi6 par 1'Universit6 d'Uppsala, 1940
2, Uppsala-Leipzig 1940.
study the Christian Arabic manuscripts of the British Museum,
AOr = Archiv Orientdlni, Prague.
as well as the microfilms of the manuscripts of the Monastery of
Arabica = Arabica, Revue d'6tudes arabes, Leiden.
St. Catherine on Mount Sinai, deposited at the University of Man-
Arendzen = J. ARENDZEN, Theodori Abu Kurra De cultu imaginum libellus..., Bonnae
chester. I am also indebted to the Institute of Asian and African Studies 1897. Cf. § 1.4.1.1.
of the Hebrew University, which put at my disposal its microfilm ASP = Ancient South Palestinian (Christian Arabic).
copies of Christian Arabic manuscripts, received through the courtesy Atiya = A.S. ATIYA, The Arabic Manuscripts of Mount Sinai..., Baltimore 1955.
For S 514 Atiya v. § 1.4.2.26; for S 236 Atiya X v. § 1.4.4.9.
of the Library of Congress, Washington, and the Libraries of the Va-
tican, Berlin, Strasbourg and Cambridge. The Rev. J.W. Rogerson
Balädhuri = v. Goitein, Balädhuri.
and Mr. Yoel Lerner were kind enough to brush up the English style
Barth, NB = J. BARTH, Die Nominalbildung in den semitischen Spracheng, Leipzig 1894.
of this work, my son Mordekhai helped me to check the numbers Barth, PB = J. BARTH, Die Pronominalbildung in den semitischen Sprachen, Leipzig
of quotations during proof-reading. Thanks are again due to Prof. 1913.
Ren6 Draguet for including this work in CSCO, and to the Imprimerie Barth6lemy = A. BARTHELEmy, Dictionnaire Arabe-Frangais, Dialectes , de Syrie :
Alep, Damas, Liban, Jerusalem, Publication entreprise grace aux subventions du
Orientaliste for undertaking the difficult task of printing. v"m~vjtj
Haut-Commissariat de France en Syrie et an Liban, Instruction Publique, Paris
1935ff.
Institute of Asian and African Studies(cid:9) J.B. Baudissin = W.G.F. GRAF VON BAUDISSIN, Translations antiquae arabicae libri Job
The Hebrew University quae supersunt..., Lipsiae 1870. Cf. § 1.4.3.10.
Jerusalem, Israel Bauer = L. BAUER, Das palästinische Arabisch, die Dialekte des Stddters und des Fel-
lachen ... 4, Leipzig 1926.
Bauer-Leander, Aram. = H. BAUER-P. LEANDER, Grammatik des Biblisch-Aramdischen,
Halle/Saale 1927,
Bauer, NT = W. BAUER, Griechisch-Deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen
Testaments... 4, Berlin W 1952.
Bauer, WB = L. BAUER, Wörterbuch des palästinischen Arabisch, Deutsch-Arabisch,
Leipzig-Jerusalem 1933.
BDB = F. BRowN - S.R. DRIVER . C.A. BRIGGS, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the
Old Testament..., Oxford 1907.
Ben-Hayyim = Z. BEN-HAYYIM, The Literary and Oral Tradition of Hebrew and Ara-
maic amongst the Samaritans, Jerusalem 1957ff (in Hebrew). As a rule, the gramma-
tical outline vol. I, p. Mrff is referred to. Cf. § 1.6.
Bergstrdsser = G. BERGSTRässER, Einführung in die semitischen Sprachen.... Mun-
chen 1928.
(cid:9)
6 ABBREVIATIONS(cid:9)
ABBREVIATIONS(cid:9) 7
Bergsträsser, Atlas = G. BERGSTRÄSSER, Sprachatlas von Syrien und Palästina..., Boris = G. BoRis, Lexique du Parler Arabe des Marazig, Rtudes Arabes et Islamiques,
Leipzig 1915. Rtudes et Documents I, Paris 1958.
Bergsträsser, Hunain = G. BERGSTRÄssER, Hunain ibn Zshdk und seine Schule..., Bravmann = M.M. BRATMANN, Studies in Arabic and General Syntax, Publications
Leiden 1913. Cf. § 1.6.
de 1'Institut Frangais d'Archeologie Orientale du Caire..., Textes Arabes et nudes
Bergsträsser, Verneinung = G. BERGSTRÄSSER, Verneinungs- und Fragepartikeln Islamiques XI, Le Caire 1953.
und Verwandtes im Kur'dn.... Leipziger semitistische Studien V/4, Leipzig 1914. Brockelmann = C. BROCKELMANN, Grundriss der vergleichenden Grammatik der semi-
Beyer = K. BEYER, Semitische Syntax im Neuen Testament 1/1, Studien zur Umwelt tischen Sprachen, Berlin 1908-1913.
des Neuen Testaments, Band 1, Göttingen 1962. Brockelmann, Hebr. = C. BROCKELMANN, Hebrdische Syntax, Neukirchen 1956.
Bilabel = F. BILABEL - A. GROHMANN, Griechische, koptische und arabische Texte Brockelmann, LS = C. BROCKELMANN, Lexicon Syriacum2, Halis Saxonum 1928.
zur Religion und religiösen Literatur in Agyptens Spdtzeit... nebst einem Beitrage Browne = v. Volume... Browne.
von G. GRAF, Veröffentlichungen aus den badischen Papyrus-Sammlungen 5, BSL = Bulletin de la Societe de Linguistique de Paris, Paris.
Heidelberg 1934. Cf. § 1.4.1.6.1.
BSOAS = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London.
Birkeland = H. BIRiKELAND, Altarabische Pausalformen, Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Burhan = P. CACHIA, Eutychius of Alexandria, The Book of the Demonstration (Kitdb
Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, II. Hist.-Filos. Klasse. 1940, No. 4, Oslo 1940. al-Burhdn), Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium, vol. 192; 209. If not
Birkeland, Growth = H. BI&%ELAND, Growth and Structure of the Egyptian Arabic
otherwise indicated, the first part is intended, whereas Burhan II refers to the
Dialect, Avhandlinger utgitt av Dot Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, II. Hist.- second part. Cf. § 1.4.1.6.2, where the mss. S, V, and W are also explained.
Filos. Klasse, 1952, No. 1, Oslo 1952.
Blanc = H. BLANC, Studies in North Palestinian Arabic..., Oriental Notes and Studies,
CA = Classical Arabic.
published by The Israel Oriental Society, No. 4, Jerusalem 1953.
Camb. = Ms. Cambridge University Library or. 1287 (13). Cf. § 1.4.2.15.
Blanc, Baghdad = H. BLANC, Communal Dialects in Baghdad, Harvard Middle Eastern
Cantineau = J. CANTINEAU, Les Parlers Arabes du Hördn..., Collection Linguistique
Monographs X, Cambridge, Mass. 1964.
publiee par la Societe de Linguistique de Paris LII, Paris 1946.
Blanc, Variations = H. BLANC, Style Variations in Spoken Arabic: A Sample of Inter-
Cantineau, lhudes = J. CANTINEAU, Audes de Linguistique Arabe..., LS+ tudes Arabes
dialectal Educated Conversation, in : Contributions to Arabic Linguistics, edited
et Islamiques, Ptudes et Documents II, Paris 1960.
by C.A. FERGUSON, Harvard Middle Eastern Monographs III, Cambridge, Mass.
Cantineau, Palmyre = J. CANTINrAU, Le Dialette Arabe de Palmyre, I, Grammaise,
1960, pp. 79ff.
Memoires de I'Institut Frangais de Damas, Beyrouth 1934.
Blau = J. BLAU, A Grammar of Mediaeval Judaeo-Arabic, Jerusalem 1961 (in Hebrew).
Caspari = A. MÜLLER, Dr. C.P. Caspari's Arabische Grammatik5, Halle a.S. 1887.
Cf. § 1.6.
ChA = Christian Arabic.
Blau, BZ = J. BLAU, Syntax des palästinensischen Bauerndialekts von Bir-Zet, Bei- Cohen = M. COHEN, Le Systeme Verbal Sgmitique et l'Expression du Temps, Publications
träge zur Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte des Orients... 13, Walldorf-Hessen 1960.
de I'Rcole des Langues Orientales Vivantes, Ve Sörie - Vol. XI, Paris 1924.
Blau, Emergence = J. BLAU, The Emergence and Linguistic Background of Judaeo-
Cohen, Alger = M. COHEN, Le Parler Arabe des Juifs d'Alger, Collection Linguistique
Arabic, a Study of the Origins of Middle Arabic, Seripta Judaica ... V, Oxford 1964.
publige par La Societe de Linguistique de Paris 4, Paris 1912.
Cf. § 1.6.
col. = column, v. § 1.4.3.9.
Blau, Maimonides = J. BLAU, R. Moses b. Maimon, Responsa... I-III, Jerusalem
com. = commentary, v. § 1.4.3.17.
1957-1961 (in Hebrew). If not otherwise stated, the third volume containing the
grammatical outline (pp. 59-116) is referred to. Cf. § 1.6.
Delitzsch = FRANZ DELITZSCH, Commentar zum Briefe an die Hebräer, Leipzig 1857,
Blau, Museon = J. BLAU, Über einige christlich-arabische Manuskripte aus dem 9.
pp. 764ff. Cf. § 1.4.4.4.
und 10. Jahrhundert, Museon 75 (1962), 101-108.
Denizeau = C. DENIZEAU, Dictionnaire des Parlers Arabes de Syrie, Liban et Pales-
Blau, Seripta = J. BLAU, The Importance of Middle Arabic Dialects for the History
tine (Supplement au Dictionnaire grabe-frangais de A. Barthelemy), Itudes Arabes
of Arabic, Scripta Hierosolymitana IX, Studies in Islamic History and Civilization,
et Islamiques, Ludes et Documents III, Paris 1960.
ed.... by U. HEYD, Jerusalem 1961, pp. 206ff. Cf. § 1.6.
Dick = I. Dicx, La passion grabe de S. Antoine Ruwah, Museon 74 (1961), 109-133.
Bloch = A. BLOCH, Vers und Sprache im Altarabischen..., Acta Tropiea, Supplementum
CL § 1.4.2.14. For S 549 Dick v. § 1.4.1.3.
5, Basel 1946.
Dietrich = A. DIETRICH, Arabische Briefe..., Veröffentlichungen aus der Hamburger
BM = Ms. British Museum. If not otherwise stated, Ms. British Museum or. is referred to.
Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek 5, Hamburg 1955.
BM 4950 Mashriq = v. § 1.4.1.2.
DLZ = Deutsche Lit(t)eraturzeitung für Kritik der internationalen Wissenschaft, Berlin.
BM 5019 Mashriq = v. § 1.4.2.6.
DMG = v. Wörterbuch DMG.
BO = Bibliotheca Orientalis, Leiden.
Dozy = R. Dozy, Supplement aux Dietionnaires Arabe82, Leide-Paris 1927.
(cid:9) (cid:9) ABBREVIATIONS(cid:9) 9
8 ABBREVIATIONS
Gairdner = W.H.T. GAIRDNER, Egyptian Colloquial Arabic ... 2, The American Uni-
Driver = G.R. DRivER, A Grammar of the Colloquial Arabic of Syria and Palestine,
versity at Cairo, Oriental Studies, London 1926.
London 1925.
Gaudefroy-Demombynes = M. GAUDEFROY-DEmomBYNEs et R. BLACHAnE, Grammaire
Driver, Tenses = S.R. DRIVER, A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew ... 3,
de l'arabe classique..., Paris 1937.
Clarendon Press Series, Oxford 1892.
Galen = M. SImoN, Sieben Bücher Anatomie des Galen... I, Leipzig 1906.
Durra = H. TRORBECKE, Al-Hariri's Durrat-al-Gawwds, Leipzig 1871. Cf. § 1.8,
Garbell = I. GARBELL, Remarks on the Historical Phonology of an East Mediterranean
note 66.
Arabic Dialect, Word 14 (1958), 303ff.
GGA = Göttinger Gelehrte Anzeigen, Göttingen.
Ecker = R. EcKER, Die arabische Job-Übersetzung des Gaon Saadja ben Josef al- Gesenius = E. KAUTzscx, Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar..., (translated by) A.E. CoWLEY2,
Fajjümi..., Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testament... IV, München 1962. Oxford 1910.
EI = Encyclopaedia of Islam. Gild = I. GILDEMEISTER, De Evangeliis in Arabicum e Simplici Syriaca translatis,
Ewald = G.H.A. EWALD, Grammalica Critica Linguae Arabieae..., Lipsiae 1831-1833. Bonnae 1865. Cf. § 1.4.4.5.
Goitein, Balädhuri = S.D.F. GoITEiN, The Ansdb al-ashrdf of al-Balddhuri... V, Jeru-
salem 1936. As a rule the introduction is referred to.
f = the following page/line/verse.
Goitein, Habshush = S.D. GoITEIN, Travels in Yemen ... written... by H. HABSHUsg,
F!Viq = Da. 'Az-ZAMAKHSHARI, 'al-Fd.'iqu ft gharibi -l-hadithi I, Cairo 1945.
Jerusalem 1941.
Feghali = M. FEGnALi, Syntaxe des parlers arabes actuels du Liban, Bibliothüque de
Goitein, Jemenica = S.D.F. GoITEIN, Jemenica : Sprichwörter und Redensarten aus
1'Rcole des Langues Orientales Vivantes, Paris 1928.
Zentral-Jemen.... Leipzig 1934.
Feghali, KA = M.T. FEGRALI, Le Parler de Kfar`abida (Liban-Syrie)..., Paris 1919.
Graf = G. GRAF, Der Sprachgebrauch der dltesten christlich-arabischen Literatur...,
Ferguson = C.A. FERGDsoN, The Arabic Koine, Language 35 (1959), 616-30.
Leipzig 1905. Sometimes, in order to avoid misunderstanding, the book is referred
ff = the following pages/lines/verses.
to as Graf, Sprachgebrauch. Cf. § 1.6.
Fischer = W. FIscHEm Die demonstrativen Bildungen der neuarabischen Dialelcte...,
Graf, ChAL(cid:9) G. GRAF, Die christliche-arabische Literatur bis zur fränkischen Zeit...,
's-Gravenhage 1959.
Strassburger theo ogische Studien 7/1, Freiburg im Breisgau 1905.
Fischer, Akk. = A. FlsegER, Auflösung der Akkusativrektion des transitiven Verbs
Graf, GChAL = G. GRAF, Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur, Studi e Testi,
durch die Prdposition li im klassischen Arabisch, Berichte über die Verhandlungen
Citta del Vaticano 1944ff.
der k6nigl. sächs. Ges. d. Wiss. zu Leipzig, philologisch-historische Klasse, 62.
Graf, Verz. = G. Graf, Verzeichnis arabischer kirchlicher Termini2, Corpus Seriptorum
Band, 6. Heft, Leipzig 1910, S. 161-188.
Christianorum Orientalium 147 (Subsidia 8), Louvain 1954.
Fleisch = H. FLEIsca, Traite de Philologie Arabe, Vol. I..., Recherches publi6es sous
Graf, ZS = G. GRAF, Der vom Himmel gefallene Brief Christi, ZS 6 (1928), 10-23. Cf.
la direction de 1'Institut de Lettres Orientales de Beyrouth XVI, Beyrouth 1961.
§ 1.4.2.31.
Fleischer = H.L. FLEISCHER, Kleinere Schriften I-III, Leipzig 1885-1888. Cf. § 1.6.
Guidi = I. GUIDi, Le traduzioni degli evangelii in arabo e in etiopico, R. Acad. dei Lineei,
Fraenkel = S. FRAENKEL, Die aramdischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen, Leiden 1886.
Memorie della classe di scienze morali, storiehe e filologiche, IV/1, Roma 1888.
Frayha = A. FRAYRA, A Dictionary of Non-Classical Vocables in the Spoken Arabic
Cf. § 1.4.3.18.
of Lebanon, American University of Beirut, Publications of The Faculty of Arts
and Sciences, Oriental Series 19, Beirut 1947 (in Arabic).
Hajje = H. EL-HAJJt, Le Parler Arabe de Tripoli (Liban)..., Paris 1954.
Freund = S. FREUND, Die Zeitsdtze im Arabischen..., Inaugural-Dissertation... Hei-
Hava = J.G. HAVA, Arabic-English Dictionary..., Beirut 1915. Items marked by
delberg, Kirchhain 1892.
<> belong to the Syrian dialect.
Friedländer = I. FRIEDLAENDER, Selections from the Arabic Writings of Maimondes...,
Semitic Study Series XII, Leiden 1909. Cf. § 1.6. Havers = W. HAVERS, Handbuch der erkldrenden Syntax..., Indogermanische Bibliothek
I/I/20, Heidelberg 1931.
Friedländer, Lexikon = I. FRIEDLAENDER, Arabisch-Deutsches Lexikon zum Sprach-
gebrauch des Maimonides..., Der Sprachgebrauch des Maimondes, ein lexikalischer Heffening = W. HEFFENING, Die griechische Ephraem-Paraenesis gegen das Lachen
in arabischer Übersetzung.... OrCh 24 (i.e. third series, volume two) (1927), 94ff.
und grammatischer Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Mittelarabischen I, Lexikalischer Teil,
For further particulars and the abbreviations Heffening 150, Heffening 151
Frankfurt a.M. 1902. Cf. § 1.6, note 40.
cf. § 1.4.2.11-13.
Füek = J. Fück, Arabija, Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Hesperis = Hesperis, Archives Berbbres et Bulletin de 1'Institut des Hautes Ptudes
zu Leipzig, Philologisch-historische Klasse 45/1, Berlin 1950. I have used the French
Marocaines, Paris.
translation of C. Denizeau, Institut des Hautes Ptudes Marocaines, Notes et Docu-
ments XVI, Paris 1955. Nevertheless, I quote the pages of the original German Hitti = P.K. HITTI, Usdmah's memoirs, entitled Kitdb al-I`tibdr..., Princeton Oriental
Texts, vol. 1, Princeton 1930. Cf. § 1.6.
edition, adduced in the margin of the translation. Cf. § 1.6.
(cid:9) (cid:9) (cid:9)
10 ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS 11
Hoenerbaeh = W. HOENERBACH, Die vulgdrarabische Poetik al-Kitdb al-`dtil al-hdli Kratchkovskiy = I. KRATCIIKOVS IY, Selected Works I, Moscow-Leningrad 1955
wal-murahhas al-gdli des Safiyaddin Hilli..., Akademie der Wissenschaften und (in Russian).
der Literatur, Veröffentlichungen der orientalischen Kommission X, Wiesbaden Kruisinga = E. KRUISINGA, A Handbook of Present-Day English, II, English Accidence
1956. and Syntax5, I-III, Groningen 1931-1932.
Hoffmann = J.G.E. HoFrMANN, Iulianos der Abtruennige..., Leiden 1880. Cf. § 1.4.2.27. Kuhr = E. KUHR, Die Au8druck8mittel der konjunktionslosen Hypotaxe in der
Horae = A. SMITH LEwis, The Forty Martyrs of the Sinai Desert and the Story of Eulo- ältesten hebrdischen Prosa..., Beiträge zur semitischen Philologie und Linguistik
gios..., Horae Semiticae IX, Cambridge 1912, p. 53. Cf. § 1.4.1.5. 7, Leipzig 1929.
Hughes = J.C. HUGHEs, De Lagardes Ausgabe der arabischen Übersetzung des Pen- Kutscher = E.J. KUTSCHER, Studies in Galilean Aramaic, offprint of Tarbiz 21-23
tateuchs cod. Leiden Arab. 377 nachgeprüft, Inaugural-Dissertation Leipzig..., (1950-1952), Jerusalem 1952 (in Hebrew).
Leipzig 1914. Cf. § 1.4.4.1.
Hunain = v. Bergsträsser, Hunain.
Lagarde = P. DE LAGARDE, Materialien zur Kritik und Geschichte des Pentateuchs I,
Islam = Der Islam, Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients. Leipzig 1867. Cf. § 1.4.4.11, where Hughes's book is referred to.
Landberg = C. DE LANDBERG, Critica Arabica, no II, pp. 5-57 (on H. DERENBOURa,
JA = Judaeo-Arabic. Ousdma Ibn Mounkidh, Paris 1886), Leyde 1888. Cf. § 1.6.
JAOS = Journal of the American Oriental Society. Landberg, Critica = C. voN LANDBERG, Critica Arabica, no I, Leiden 1886.
Jawaliqi = H. DERENBOURG, Le livre des locutions vicieuses de Djawdlip, in : Morgen- Landberg, GD = LE COMTE DE LANDBERG, Glossaire Datinois I-III (the third vol.
ländische Forschungen, Festschrift... H.L. Fleischer, Leipzig 1875, pp. 107-166. was edited by K.V. ZETTERSTkEN), Leide 1920-1942.
Cf. § 1.8, note 66. Lane = E.W. LANE, Maddu-l-.Kamoos, An Arabic-English Lexicon..., Part. 1-5, London
Jespersen, MEG = 0. JESPERSEN, A Modern English Grammar..., London-Copen- 1863-1874. Part. 6-8 (and Supplement) ed. by STANLEY LANE POOLE, 1877-1893.
Leshonenu = Leshonenu, The Academy of the Hebrew Language, Jerusalem.
hagen 1909-1949.
Jespersen, Negation = 0. JESPERSEN, Negation in English and Other Languages, Levin = B. LEVIN, Die griechisch-arabische Evangelien-Übersetzung, Vat. Borg. ar.
Det Kgl. Danke Videnskabernes Selskab. Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser. I, 5, 95 und Ber. orient. oet. 1108, Inaugural-Dissertation... Upsala, Uppsala 1938.
Cf. §§ 1.4.3.1-4 (where the abbreviations B and V are dealt with as well); 1.6.
Kobenhavn 1917.
Jespersen, Philosophy = 0. JESPERSEN, The Philosophy of Grammar, London 1924. Lisdn = IBN MANzOR, Lisdn al-`Arab, I-XV, Beyrouth 1955-1956. The Roman numeral
refers to the volume.
JJS = The Journal of Jewish Studies, London.
JQR = The Jewish Quarterly Review, London-Philadelphia. Loewenstamm-Blau = S.E. LOEwENSTAMM - J. BLAU, Thesaurus of the Language
of the Bible... I-II, Jerusalem 1957-1959.
JRAS = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London.
JSS = Journal of Semitic Studies, Manchester. Löfgren = 0. LörGREN, Studien zu den arabischen Danieliibersetzungen..., Recueil
de Travaux Publie par l'Universite d'Uppsala 1936 : 4, Uppsala 1936.
Kahle = P. KAHLE, Die arabischen Bibelübersetzungen.... Leipzig 1904. Cf. § 1.4.3.9.
Kampffineyer = G. KAMPrFMEYER, Glossar zu den 5000 arabischen Sprichwörtern Mainz = E. MAINZ, Zur Grammatik des modernen Schriftarabisch, Dissertation Hamburg,
aus Paldstina..., MSOS, Beiband zum Jahrgang XXXVIII, Berlin 1936. Hamburg 1931.
Khafäji = 'A. KHAFW's Commentary to Durra. I have used the Constantinople edition MA = Middle Arabic.
from 1299 H.; quoted according to the passages of Durra referred to. Margais, Djidjelli = PH. MARgAIS, Le Parler Arabe de Djidjelli, Publications de l'In-
Khalife = I.A. KHALLFA, From the Homilies of Markus the Eremite, Mashriq 46 (1952), stitut d'Ptudes Orientales d'Alger, Paris (1958).
289.308. Cf. § 1.4.2.34. Margais-Guiga = W. MARCAIS - A. GUiGA, Textes arabes de Takroüna II, Glossaire,
Kirjath Sepher = Kirjath Sepher, Bibliographical Quarterly of the Jewish National Contribution a l'etude du vocabulaire grabe, Paris 1958-1961.
and University Library, Jerusalem (in Hebrew). Margais, Tanger = W. MARgAIS, Textes Arabes de Tanger, Bibliotheque de Fteole des
Kitkb al-Aghäni = ABU-L-FARAa 'AL-ISBAHÄNi, Kitdb 'al-'Aghdni, ed. A. ASH-SHIN- Langues Orientales Vivantes, Paris 1911.
@imi, 21 vol., Cairo (1323 H). Marr = N. MARR, The Life of St. Gregorius, in Zapiski vostoehnavo otdyeleniya im-
Koehler = Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libras, ed. L. KOEHLER.... WALTER BAUM- peratorskavo russkavo arkheologicheskavo obshehestva 16 (1904/5), St. Peters-
GARTNER, Wörterbuch zum aramdisehen Teil des Alten Testaments..., Leiden 1953. burg 1906, pp. 63-211. Cf. §§ 1.4.2.2; 1.6.
Kofler = H. KOFLER, Reste altarabischer Dialekte, WZKM 47-49 (1940-1942) (The Mashriq = Al-Mashriq, revue catholique orientale... sous la direction des P6res de
first, Roman, numeral refers to the volume of WZKM; the second, Arabic, refers 1'Universite St. Joseph, Beyrouth. For BM 4950 Mashriq, of. § 1.4.1.2, for BM
to the page). 5019 Mashriq, cf. § 1.4.2.6, for V 71 Mashriq, of. § 1.4.2.8.
(cid:9) (cid:9) (cid:9)
12 ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS 13
Mingana = A. MINGANA - A. SMITH LEwis, Leaves from Three Ancient Qurdns..., Cam- p. = page.
bridge 1914. Cf. § 1.4.2.15. Par = Ms. Paris ar. 6725, 3. Cf. § 1.4.3.20, where Par OrCh and Par Vajda are also
Mitchell = T.F. MITCHELL, Colloquial Arabic, The Living Language of Egypt, The dealt with.
Teach Yourself Books, London 1962. Paul = H. PAUL, Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte5, Halle a.S. 1920.
Mittwoch = E. MITTWOCH, Aus dem Jemen, Leipzig 1926. Pereq = R. DAVID b. ABRAHAM b RAMBAM, Sefer Pirge 'Äbhöth `im perüsh beldshdn
Monteil = V. MONTEIL, L'Arabe Moderne, These Prineipale... Paris, Paris 1960. `ardbhi..., ed. B.H. Ilänän, Alexandria 1900-1901.
MSOS = Mitteilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen, Berlin. C£ Wehr, MSOS. PO = Patrologia orientalis, Paris 1903ff. Cf. §§ 1.4.4.7; 1.4.4.8.
Müller = A. MÜLLER, Über Text und Sprachgebrauch von Ibn Abi Useibi`a's Geschichte pp. = pages.
der Aerzte, aus den Sitzungsberichten der philos.-philol. u. histor. Classe der k. PS = The Paleographical Society, Facsimiles of Mss. and Inscriptions (Oriental Series),
Bayer. Akad. der Wiss. 1884, Heft V, pp. 853-977. Cf. § 1.6. ed. W. WRIGHT, London 1875-1883. Cf. § 1.4.2.8, where the abbreviation V 71 PS
Mufassal = J.P. BROCH, Al-Mufassal..., auctore... Zamahiario2, Christianiae 1879. is also dealt with.
Museon - L e Musion, Revue d'; tudes Orientales, Louvain. Cf. Blau, Musöon. PSb = N. PIGULEVSxAYA, A Greek-Syriac-Arabic ms. from the 9th century (in Russian),
MUSJ = Mdlanges de l'Universitg Saint Joseph, Beyrouth. Palestinskiy Sbornik 63 (N.S. 1) (1954), pp. 59ff. Cf. § 1.4.3.19.
Rabin = CH. RAsiN, Ancient Went-Arabian, London 1951.
Nakhla = P.R. NAizuTA, Grammaire du Dialeete Libano-Syrien... I..., Beyrouth 1937.
Ram = H. RAM, Qissat Mdrliid..., Leipziger semitistische Studien, II. Band, Heft 3,
Nöldeke = TH. NÖLDEKE, Zur Grammatik des elassischen Arabisch,... bearbeitet...
Leipzig 1907. Cf. § 1.6.
von A. SPITALER, Darmstadt 1963.
Reckendorf = H. RECKENDORF, Arabische Syntax, Heidelberg 1921.
Nöldeke, BSS = TH. NÖLDERE, Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft, Strassburg
Reckendorf, Par = H. RECKENDORF, Über Paronomasie in den semitischen Sprachen,
1904.
Giessen 1909.
Nöldeke, Dr = TH. NÖLDESE, Das arabische Märchen vom Doctor und Garkoch...,
Reckendorf, SV = H. RECKENDoRF, Die syntaktischen Verhältnisse des Arabischen,
aus den Abhandlungen der königl. preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
Leiden 1895-1898.
vom Jahre 1891, Berlin 1891.
REJ = Revue des gtudes Juives, Paris.
Nöldeke, Mand = TH. NÖLDEKE, Mandäische Grammatik, Halle an der Saale 1875.
R6pertoire = Rdpertoire ehronologique d'epigraphie grabe .... Publications de l'In-
Nöldeke, NBSS = TH. NÖLDEKE, Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft,
stitut frangais d'archüologie orientale, Le Caire 1931ff.
Strassburg 1910.
Rhodokanakis = N. RHODogANAKis, Der vulgärarabische Dialekt im Dofdr (Zfdr) II,
Nöldeke, Q = TH. NÖLDEKE, Geschichte des Qordn82, Vol. III, Geschichte des Korantexts,
Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Südarabische Expedition Band X,
von G. BERGSTRÄSSER und 0. PRETZL, Leipzig 1938.
Wien 1911.
Nöldeke, Syr = TH. NÖLDEKE, Kurzgefasste syrische Grammatik2, Leipzig 1898.
Römer = K. RÖMER, Der Codex Arabiens Monacensis Aumer 238..., Inaugural-Disser-
Nöldeke, WZKM I = TH. NÖLDEKE's Review of H. DERENBOURG, Ousdma ibn Mounlcidh,
tation... Jena, Leipzig 1905. CL §§ 1.4, note 27; 1.6.
Paris 1886, publ. in WZKM I (1887), 237ff. CL § 1.6.
Römer ZA = K. RÖMER, Studien über den Codex Arabiens Monacensis Aumer 238,
ZA 19 (1905/1906), pp. 98-125 (all published). Cf. §§ 1.4, note 27; 1.6.
Obermann = J. OBERMANN, Studies in Islam and Judaism, The Arabic Original of
Ibn Shdhin's Book of Comfort, known as the Hibbür Ydphe of R. Nissim..., Yale S = Ms. Sinai ar.
Oriental Series - Researches XVII, New Haven 1933. Sanders = J.C.J. SANDERS, Inleiding op het Genesiskommentaar van de Nestoriaan
Oestrup = J. OESTRUP, Über zwei arabische Codices sinaitici..., ZDMG 51 (1897), 453- Ibn at-Taiyib..., Academisch Proefschrift... Amsterdam, Leiden 1963. Cf. § 1.6.
471. Cf. §§ 1.4.2.11-13; 1.6. Sbath = P.P. SRATH, Vingt traites..., Cairo 1929. Cf. § 1.4.4.12.
OLZ = Orientalistische Liteeratur-Zeitung. Schmidt-Kahle = H. SCHMIDT - P. KAHLE, Volkserzählungen aus Palästina..., For-
Orbis = Orbis, Bulletin international de Documentation linguistique, Centre Interna- schungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments 17; 47,
tional de Dialectologie generale pres l'Universite Catholique de Louvain. Göttingen 1918-1930.
OrCh = Oriens Christianus, Halbjahrshefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Scholz = J.M.A. SCHOLZ, Biblisch kritische Reise.... Leipzig... 1823. Cf. § 1.4.3.18,
begründet vom Priestercollegium des deutschen Campo Santo in Rom. V. § 1.4.3.20, where the abbreviation V 13 Scholz is also discussed.
where Par OrCh is treated. Schulthess = F. SCHULTHEss, Grammatik des christlich-palästinischen Aramäisch...,
OrCh Per = Orientalu Christiana Periodica..., ed. cura et opere Pontificii Instituti Tübingen 1924.
Orientalium Studiorum, Roma. Schulthess, ChP = F. SCHULTHESS, Christlich-Palästinische Fragmente aus der Omajja.
(cid:9)
(cid:9)
14 ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATIONS(cid:9) 15
den-Moschee zu Damaskus, Abhandlungen der königlichen Gesellschaft zu Göt-
Vajda = v. § 1.4.3.20, where Par Vajda is dealt with.
tingen, philologisch-historische Klasse, Neue Folge VIII/3, Berlin 1905. Cf. § 1.4.2.35. Violet = B. VIOLET, Ein zweisprachiges Psalmfragment aus Damaskus, berichtigter
Schulthess, Lex = F. ScxuLTHEss, Lexicon Syropalaestinum..., Berolini 1903.
Sonderabzug aus der Orientalistischen Litteratur-Zeitung, 1901, Berlin 1902.
Sehwally, Idioticon = F. SOHWALLY, Idioticon des christlich-palästinischen Aramäisch,
Cf. § 1.4.3.9, where the abbreviation Violet col. is also dealt with.
Giessen 1893. Viz Vrem = Vizantiyskiy Vremennik. Cf. § 1.4.2.3.
Schwarz = P. SCHWARZ, Der Diwan des Umar ibn Abi Rebi`a, Heft IV, Umars Leben, Vööbus = A. Vööbus, Early Versions of the New Testament, Papers of the Estonian
Dichtung, Sprache und Metrik, Leipzig 1909.
Theological Society in Exile, Stockholm 1954. Cf. § 1.4.3.18, where the abbreviation
Scripta = Scripta Hierosolymitana, Publications of the Hebrew University, Jerusalem,
V 13 Vööbus is discussed as well.
Volume IX, Studies in Islamic History and Civilization, edited... by URIEL HEMD, Vollers = K. VoLLERs, Volkssprache und Schriftsprache im alten Arabien, Strassburg
Jerusalem 1961. Cf. Blau, Scripta.
1906.
SI = Studia Islamica, Paris. Volume... Browne = A Volume of Oriental Studies presented to E.G. Browne, Cambridge
Singer = H-R. SINGER, Neuarabische Fragewörter..., Inaugural-Dissertation... Er- 1922.
langen, München 1958.
Skoss, Ali = S.L. SRoss, The Arabic Commentary of `Ali ben Suleimdn the Karaite
Wackernagel = J. WAcxERNAGEL, Vorlesungen über Syntax...2, Basel 1926-8.
on the Book of Genesis.... Philadelphia 1928. Cf. § 1.6.
Wehr = H. WEHR, Das Buch der wunderbaren Erzählungen und seltsamen Geschichten...,
Socin = A. SociN, Diwan aus Centralarabien..., Abhandlungen der philologisch-his-
Bibliotheca Islamica 18, Wiesbaden 1956. C£ § 1.6.
torischen Classe der königl. sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften 19, vol.
Wehr, Elativ = H. WEHR, Der arabische Elativ, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der
III..., Leipzig 1901.
Literatur, Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Jahr-
Socin-Broekelmann = C. BRocxELMANN, A. Socin Arabische Grammatik ... 7, Porta
gang 1952, No 7, Wiesbaden 1953, pp. 567-621.
linguarum orientalium, Berlin 1913.
Wehr, MSOS = H. WEHR, Die Besonderheiten des heutigen Hocharabischen..., MSOS
Spiro = S. SPIRO, An Arabic-English Vocabulary of the Colloquial Arabic of Egypt...
XXXVII/2, pp. 1-64, Berlin 1934.
Cairo-London 1895.
Wehr, WB = H. WEHR, Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart...,
Spitaler = A. SPITALER, Arabisch, in Linguistica Semitica : Presente e Future....
Leipzig 1952.
Universita di Roma - Centro di Studi Semitici, Studi Semitici, Roma 1961, pp. 115-
Wehr, ZDMG 97 = H. WEHR, Entwicklung und traditionelle Pflege der arabischen Schrift-
138. Cf. § 1.6.
sprache in der Gegenwart, ZDMG 97 (1943), pp. 16-46.
Spitta = W. SPiTTA BEY, Grammatik des arabischen Vulgaerdialectes von Aegypten,
Weil = G. WEIL, Abit'l-Barakdt ibn al-Anbdri, Die grammatischen Streitfragen der
Leipzig 1880.
Basrer und Kufer..., Leiden 1913.
SS =Studia Sinaitica.Cf. §§ 1.4.1.2;1.4.1.4; 1.4.2.1; 1.4.2.5, note 11; 1.4.2.9; 1.4.2.10;
Weil ZA = G. WEIL, Die Behandlung des Hamza-Alit im Arabischen.... ZA 19 (1905/
1.4.2.15; 1.4.2.21; 1.4.2.26; 1.4.3.5-6; 1.4.3.7.
1906), pp. 1-63.
Stumme = H. STUMME, Grammatik des tunisischen Arabisch, nebst Glossar, Leipzig 1896.
Weinreich = U. WEINREICH, Languages in Contact, Findings and Problems, Publi-
cations of the Linguistic Circle of New York 1, New York 1953.
Tabari = M.J. DE GOEJE, Annales... At-Tabari..., Introductio, Glossarium, Addenda Wensinek = A.J. WENSINCx, Legends of Eastern Saints ..., Vol. I. The Story of Ar-
et Emendanda, Lugd. Bat. 1901. chelides, Leyden 1911. C£ § 1.4.4.13.
Tarbiz = TARBiz, A Quarterly for Jewish Studies, Jerusalem (in Hebrew). Willmore = J.S. WILLMORE, The Spoken Arabic of Egypt..?, London 1905.
Tis = E. TIssERANT, Specimena Codicum Orientalium, Tabulae in usum scholarum Wörterbuch DMG = Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache..., ed. Deutsche
8, Bonnae 1914. Cf. §§ 1.4.2.8; 1.4.3.1-4, note 19. Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Wiesbaden 1957ff.
ThL = Theologische Literaturzeitung, Leipzig. Wright = W. WRIGHT, A Grammar of the Arabic Language...3, Cambridge 1896-1898.
WZKM = Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Wien.
V = Ms. Vatican ar.
Yäqüt = F. WÜSTENFELD, Jacut's geographisches Wörterbuch... V, Leipzig 1873,
V13 Guidi = v. Guidi; further, § 1.4.3.18.
Einleitung. C£ § 1.6.
V 13 Scholz = v. Scholz; further, § 1.4.3.18.
V 13 Vööbus = v. Vööbus; further, § 1.4.3.18.
ZA = Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete.
V 71 Mashriq = v. § 1.4.2.8.
ZDMG = Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft.
V 71 PS = v. PS; further, § 1.4.2.8.
ZettersWen = K.V. ZETTERSTkEN, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Mamlukensitltane...,
V 71 Tis = v. Tis; further, § 1.4.2.8.
Leiden 1919. C£ § 1.6.