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A FOUNDATION DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN A FOUNDATION DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN 3000 HIGH SEMANTIC FREQUENCY WORDS ILLUSTRATED WITH PHRASES AND SENTENCES (formerly titled "Essential Russian- English Dictionary") BY B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY, V. I. ZIMIN AND E. Y. SOSENKO ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY V. KOROTKY Dover Publications, Inc., CNew york Published in Canada by General Publishing Com- pany Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario, Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company, Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London WC 2. This Dover edition, first published in 1967, is an unabridged and unaltered republication of the work originally published by Progress Publishers, Moscow, under the title Essential Russian-English Dictionary. International Standard Book Number: 0-486-21860-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-28632 Manufactured in the United States of America Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street New York, N.Y. 10014 FOREWORD This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.) outside Russian linguistic milieu. It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists of the commonest Russian words (vo- cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words but their uses as well. The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary, semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jik>6ob& k po~ #HHe love for one's country, c^eJiaTb bhbo# to draw a conclusion, coBepmnTb no- CTynoK to perform an action, KaK sac 30ByT? What is your name?, Mli ono3#a- jih k na^ajiy cneKTanjiH We were late for the performance, etc. A number of words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative expressions containing these words are given, e.g. Jlter Kan H3 Be/jpa It is raining cats and dogs, Bcero xoponiero All the best, Ym xopomo, a ftBa jiynme Two heads are better than one, etc. The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words. At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which widen the scope of the vocabulary. It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic- tionary will provide the necessary foundation .for conversation on various everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often. Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonest of these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary is based on an exact word count. The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article define them clearly enough. Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the pecu- liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. Konlen, gen. -na, end) or genitive plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -ok, stick; okho, gen. pi. okoh, window) is supplied. The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full. Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl. All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. boa3» acc. boAy » water; ctoji, gen. CTOJia, pi. ctojibi, table; etc. Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter _ and plural endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are 4 irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones. Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed by the feminine, neuter and plural forms. Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are specially marked, e.g. npOAOJmtaTLca to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no- 6ejiHTB to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (Be3TH to carry — Be3, Be3Jia; b3htb to take — bshji, B3flJia). Irregular formations of the imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6htb to beat — Sen. Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec- tive verbs only the infinitive is given, w7 ith reference to the imperfective for meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms. After the imperfective forms questions are supplied helping to determine the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter- part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning. When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun- terpart in one meaning and a different one in another. Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives. Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered as separate words, e.g. meji (from ii^th to go), Bbime (from bbicokhh high), MHe (from a I), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini- tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. jnoftn people, jiy^me better, etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their principal forms. Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all. In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically. In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de- noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural. These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec- tives, e.g. <f)paHH,y3 Frenchman, <£paHuy>KeHKa Frenchwoman; $paHn;y3i>i the French, OpaHUHH France; $paHn.y3CKHu French. Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given. Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked ['], the secondary p ]. All the words without independent stress should be merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as t&k >Ke, na ctoji, ne 6 bin, He cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets. The Compilers THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET A a P p B 6 G c B B T T F r y y E e X x E e m >k 3 3 EI in H H m m ft H K K BI H «J X til b M M 9 3 H H K) io o H H n n ABBREVIATIONS ace, accusative adj,, adjective adv., adverb ant., antonym colloq., colloquial comp., comparative conj., conjunction dat., dative /., feminine fig., figurative fut., future gen., genitive imp., imperfective imper., imperative impers., impersonal indecl., indeclinable inf., infinitive instr., instrumental lit., literal m., masculine n., noun neat., neuter num., numeral p., perfective paren., parenthetic part., participle pers., person philos., philosophy pL, plural poss., possessive pred., predicate predic, predicative prep., preposition prepos., prepositional pron., pronoun q. v., which see sing., singular supeH., superlative usu., usually A, a A con), and H ynyc& b yhhb6peineTe, a ne b hh- CTHTyTe. / study at a university, and not at an institute. Mu H3ynaeM pyCCKHH H3BIK, a 0HK aHrJIl'lHCKHII. We study Russian and they, English. ABryCT m., no f pL August Cero/iHH #ecHToe aBrycTa. Today is the tenth of August. H npnexan b aBrycxe. / came in August, fl npn- exaji AecHToro aBrycTa. / came on the tenth of August. ABTOBYC m. bus ExaTB na aBTo6yco. To go by bus. B aBTo6yce MHoro HapoAy. There are many people in the bus. ABTOMAT m. automatic machine Tejie<|K3H~aBTOMaT. Public telephone. GTaHOK-aBTOMaT. Automatic machine- tool. ABTOMOBfiJIb m. motor-car ExaTt na &BTOMo6HJie. To go by car. ABTOP m. author AbtoP khhth. The author of a book. ABTOP^ lI|KA /., gen. pi. -gk foun- tain-pen IlHcaTb aBTOpy^KOH. To write with a fountain-pen. ArPECCflBHIblS, -as, -oe, -tie aggres- sive ArpeccHBHan nojintHKa. An aggres- sive policy. ArPOHOM m. agronomist PaSoTaTfc arponoMOM. To work as an agronomist. AJJPEC rn., pi. -a address J\ame uue Bam aa pec. Give me your address. ITocnaTB hhcbmo no a^pe- cy. To send a letter to an address. AKAftfiMHH /, academy AKa^^MHH nays:. The Academy of Sciences. GejiBCKOX03HHCiBeHHafl aKa^eMHH. The Agricultural Academy. yHHTBca b aKa^MHH. To study at an academy. AKKyPATHIblK, -an, -oe, -He, short form aKKyp^Ten, aKKyp&rH|a t -o, -h; ado. aKKyparao painstaking, punctual AKKyp^THHH ctvkSht. A painstak- ing, punctual student. IThc6te> aK- KypaTHO. To write carefully. AHAJIH3 m. analysis Aniens h CHHTe3. Analysis and synthesis. Ah^jihs MeHtAyHaptfAHoro noJioHteHHH. An analysis of the in- ternational situation. Ahsljih3 KpOBH. Blood test. AHrfiHA /., no pi. tonsillitis y mqhk aHrHHa. / have tonsillitis. BoJieTB aHrnnoH. To be ill with tonsillitis. AIIEJIbCfiH m. orange BKycHBin anejiBCira. A tasty orange. KnjiorpaMM anejiBCHHOB. A kilo- gramme of oranges. AnJIOHfiPlOBATb, -yio, -yerab, -yiOT imp. k o m y? ne My? to applaud AnjiOAnpoBaTb apTHCTy. To applaud an actor. AIHIETST m. appetite Xopomnn anneTHT. A good appe- tite. IIpHHTHoro anneTHTal / wish you a good appetite! AIIPEJIb m. t no pi. April CeroAHH nepBoe anpena. Today is the first of April. Oh npneA^T b anpeJie. He will come in April. J^BafluaTB TpeTBero anpe-rtfl mbi 63- AHJin na BKCKypcnio. We went on an excursion on the twenty-third of April. AETTEKA /. chemist's fle?KypHafi anTeKa. Duty chemist's. IIoKynaTb JieKapcTBa b anreKe. To buy medicine at a chemist's shop. APEy*3 m. water-melon CneJifcJH ap6y3. A ripe water-melon. APE 8 BE3 APECT|OBATB, -yro, -yem&, -yiOT imp. & jy. koto? to arrest ApecTOBaTB npecTynniiKa. To arrest a criminal. APMHH /. army CaJiLHajT apMHH. A strong army. APTflCT m. actor ApTHCT khho. A cinema actor. Ha- poffHHH apTiicT CGGP. A People's Artist of the USSR. APXHTEKTOP m. architect TjiaBHUH apxnTeKTOp. The chief architect. IIpo^KT apxHTeKTOpa. The architect's project. ACIIHPAHT m. post-graduate student AcnnpauT Ka<£eApH MaTeMaTHKH. A post-graduate of the Mathematics Chair. ATOM m. atom Atom BOAopoAa. A hydrogen atom. ATOMH|Bltl, -an, -oe, -He atomic ATOMHaa anepriiH. Atomic energy. ATOMHaa aJieKTpocTaHnHH. An atom- ic power-station. Atomheih JietfO- koji. An atomic ice-breaker. ATOM- Haa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. AyflHTOPHH /. 1. lecture-room. IlaTafl ay^HTopHH. Lecture-room No. 5. Mh 3ann- MaeMca b TpeTBen ayflHTopira. We have our lessons in Boom Three. 2. audience. BHHMaTejitHafl ayjin- TopHfi. An attentive audience. A3PO3P0M m. aerodrome Ha aapoApoMe. At the. aerodrome. ExaTB Ha aapoApoM. To drive to the aerodrome. A3POII0PT m., prepos. b aaponopry airport BcTpenaxb AeJieraniiio b aaponopTy. To meet a delegation at the airport. E, 5 BABymiKA /., gen. pi. -eK grand- mother BA3A /. 1. basis. 9K0H0MiraecKafl 6a3a. An economic basis. 2. base. BoeHHaa 6a3a. A military base. BAJI m., prepos, na 6ajiy & o 6aJTe; pi. -u ball Ohii no3HaKOMHJinci> na 6ajiy. They met at a ball. EAJIET m. ballet Hobhh 6aJieT. A new ballet. Cmo- TpeTB 6ajieT. To see a ballet. IIohth Ha 6ajieT. To go to a ballet. BAJIKOH m. balcony Bbihth Ha 6ajiKOH. To come (go) out on to the balcony. BAHK m. bank rocy^apcTBeHHtii 6aHK. The State Bank. HaunoHajitHHH 6aHK. The National Bank. EAH|KA /., gen. pi. -ok jar CTeKJiHHHan 6aHKa. A glass jar. EAHH /. bath-house EACKETEOJI m., no pi. basket-ball MrpaTS b 6acKeT66ji. To play bas- ket-ball. BACCEflH m. 1. swimming-pool. njianaTB b 6ac- ceime. To swim in a swimming- pool. 2. basin. KaMenHoyroJiBHtiH 6ac- cetiH. A coal basin. EAm|HH /., gen. pi. -en tower BticoKafl 6amHH. A high tower. KpeMJieBCKiie 6amHH. The Kremlin towers. BEFAITL, -io, -erat, -k>t imp. to run fleTH 6eraK>T b ca#y. The children are^ running about in the garden. BE 3A f., pi. 6eAH misfortune, trouble flpyr noMor MHe b 6e%e. My friend helped me in my need. BEflHjblfi, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form 6eAen, 6eAHa, 6e,HH[o, -h; adv. o^fluo 1. poor. BeAaaa crpana. A poor country. Oh 6liji 6eAH0 oa6t. He was poorly dressed. 2. fig. poor, y nerd 6eAHoe boo6- pa>KeHH0. He has a poor imagi- nation. 3. fig., only complete form poor. BeAHan H<eHinHHai Ona noTepana cmna. The poor woman! She has lost her son. BE/KATE, 6ery, 6e?KHmL, 6eryT imp. 1. to run, CnopTCMen 6emm 6uct- po. The sportsman runs quickly. 2. fig. to fly. BpeMH 6emwr. Time flies. BE3 prep. -{-gen. without Han 6e3 caxapa. Tea without sugar. Xoahtl 6e3 manKH. To go without a cap. EE3 9 BHJ1 <0> Be3 naTH aranyT BOceMb. Five minutes to eight. HeT n>iMa 6"e3 orHfl (proverb). There is no smoke without a fire. EE3PAE<5TH|blfl w., gen. -oro unem- ployed person Oh 6e3pa6oTHHH. He is unemployed. BEJI|blS, -an, -oe, -Lie white Benaa CKaTepTb. A white table-cloth. <> Benhm xjieo". White bread. BEJIBE neut., no pi. underwear; linen Ha#eT& qncToe 6ejite. To put on clean underwear. OTflarB 6eJifce b CTHpny, To give out one's washing. IIocTeJi&Hoe 6eJii>e. Bed-linen. BEPEF m. t prepos. o 6epere & na 6e- pery; pL -a bank, shore Beper peKH. The bank of the river. Beper 03epa. The shore of the lake. OTAHxaTb Ha 6epery Mopa. To rest at the seaside. BEPEHb, 6epery, 6epe>KemL ? Seperyi, past 6eper, 6eper«n|a, -6, -h imp. koto? hto? to take care (of) Beper vine 3#opoBBe. Take care of your health. Eepeat Aexea. To take care of the children. Bepe^iB BpeMJT. To make the most of one's time. BECEflA /. conversation flpyjKecKaa 6ecena. A friendly con- versation. BecTH 6ece#y. To carry on a conversation, EECEffiOBATb, -yto, -yerat, -yK>T imp. c k e m? o kom? o a e m? /p . no- 6eceA|OBaTB, -yio, -yerat, -yiOT to talk H 6ece#yK> c TOBapHmeM o hoboh KHHre. / am talking about a new book with my friend. EECKOHEHHIBIB, -aa, -oe, -tie, short form 6ecK0HeaeH, 6ecKOHeaHja, -o, -BI 1. endless. EecKOHeanaa paBunna. An endless plain. 2. endless. GecKoneaHBiH cnop. An endless argument. 3. infinite. Mnp 6ecKOHeaen, The world is infinite. EECIIAPTfifiHIBlfi m., gen. -oro non- party Oh 6ecnapTHHHHH. He belongs to no party. BECnJlATHlBlfi, -aa, -oe, -He; adv. 6ecnjiaTH0 free, gratis BecnnaTHoe o6y tieHHe. Free educa- tion. BecnjiaTnoe MeflnnancKoe 06- CJiyjKHBaHne . Free medical service. OT#Lixa*TB 6ecnjiaTHO b canaTopnir. To have free lodgings and board in a sanatorium. BE CrtOKO IWThCH , -row., -hiubch, -aTCa imp. o kom? o neii? 1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno- kohtlch o fleTflX. To worry about the children. BecnoKoHTBca o 3#opoBBe. To be concerned with one's health. 2. to bother. He SecnoKoirrecB, a caM 3T0 c^ejiaio. Don't bother, I'll do it myself. BECnOKOllHIBlH, -aa, -oe, -Bie; adv. 6ecnoKOHHO 1. restless. BecnoKoiraaa jkh3Hb. A restless life. 2. restless. BecnoKOHiiBin qe-JiOBeK. A restless person. 3. fig. agitated. BecnOKoimoe Mope. A. choppy sea. BECnOJJE3H|BlS, -an, -oe, -Bie, short form 6ecnojie3eH, 6ecnojre3H|a, -o -bi; adv. 6ecnojre3HO useless Becnojie3Hoe 3anaTiie. A useless occupation. BECnOMOH};H|BlK, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short form 6ecnoMOrqeH, 6ecn6M0ina|a, -o, -bi; adv. 6ecnoMomHO helpless BecnoMon^HBiH peSenoK. A helpless child . BECnOPflfllOK m., gen. -Ka disorder BecnopaAOK b KOMaaTe. Disorder in the room. BHBJIHOTEKA /. library Hayaaaa 6a6JinoTeKa. A scientific literature library. IIy6jiK~aHafl 6*h6- JiHOTeKa. A public library. BpaTB KHHrn b 6ir6JiHOTeKe, To borrow books from a library. BHJIET m. 1. ticket. BiuieT b TeaTp, b khho, na KOHiiepT; na noe3H., aa napo- xo#, na caMOJieT. A ticket for the theatre, for the cinema, for a con- cert; for a train, for a ship, for a plane. 2. card. ITapTiiHHBiri 6mieT. A party membership card. HpiirJiaCHTeJiB- hbih SiiJieT. An invitation card. CryAeHaecKHii 6iiJieT. A stu- dent's card. 3. 9K3aMeHann6HHBiH 6n.neT. A EHO 10 EOJI question-paper (for oral examina- tions) . BII0rPA<DHH /. biography PaccKa3aTb 6norpa$HK). To tell one's biography. BUTE, 6b|eo, -ems, -iot; imper. 6en imp. 1. koto? h e m? no neiny? to beat. Oh 6hji co6aKy najiKofi no cnnne. He beat the dog on the back with a stick. 2. ito? ieM? p. pa36iiTB, pa- 3o6b|i6, -emb, -iot to break. Pa36i?Tb CTeKJio KaMHeM. To break a pane with a stone. Pa3- 6htb CTaKan. To break a glass. 3. koto? p. pa36nTL to defeat. Pa36irn> Bpara. To defeat the enemy. 4. p. npo6HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo6b|eT, -iot to strike. Bbiot nacbi KpeMJies- ckoh 6araHH. The clock of the Kremlin tower is striking. BfiTBCH, 6b|iocb, -eniBca, -iotch imp. 1. to beat. Cepflue 6wjiocb. The heart was beating. 2. to struggle. Oh £OJiro ^ujior Has pemenneM 3a#aHii. He wrestled with the problem for a long time. BJIArOJJAPlfiTB, -K), -iimh, -at imp. koto? hto? 3a ht67/p. no6jia- roAaplHTt, -io, -Hfflb, -ht to thank Bjiaro^apio sac 3a BHiiMaHHe. (I) thank you for your attention. EJlArOftAPJ! prep.+dat. thanks to, owing to EjiaroflapfT ynopnony Tpy^y ohh BfcipaCTHJin 6oraTBiH ypoJKaii. Thanks to persistent work they've grown a rich crop. BJIEflHEITB, -io, -em&, -iot imp.jp. no6jie^He|TB, -io, -emB, -iot to turn pale no6jie^HeTB ot CTpaxa. To blanch with terror. EJIEJJHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form Gjie^en, Sjie^na, 6jie£Hjo, -bi; adv. 6jieAHO 1. pale. BueAHoe Jinn.6. A pale face. Bji6ahhh ot BOJiHeHHH. Pale with excitement. 2. fig. colourless. BjieAHMH oTBeT. A colourless answer. EJIEjCTETB, -my, -cthhib, -ctht or -my, 6jieinemB ) SjiemyT, 1st & 2nd pers. rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle GHer 6;iecTHT Ha coJinue. The snow is sparkling in the sun. Tmsa. y nee 6jieCTHT ot paflOCTH. Her eyes are sparkling with joy. EJIECT#IB[|Ilfi f -an, -ee, -He 1. shining. BjiecrainHH npe^weT. A shining object. 2. fig. brilliant. BjiecTflmne ycne- xn. Brilliant success. EjiecTflmHH 0TBeT. A splendid answer. EJIfi3K[HH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 6jih30k, 6jTH3Ka, 6jih3K|o, -h; adv. 6jih3ko; comp. SjrajKe 1. near. Bjiii3Kaa jp;epeBHH. A near village. Jlec h peica 6jih3KO. The river and the forest are close by. H ?KHBy 6JIH3KO OT yHHBepCHTe- Ta. / live near the university. 2. fig. close. Ejih3Khh flpyr. A close friend. EJUDflO neut. 1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6jik>£0. A porcelain dish. 2. course. IlepBoe 6jii6,n,o. The first course. OSeff H3 Tpex 6jiior. A three-course dinner. BOP [6ox] m., gen. pi. -6b God BepiiTB b 66ra. To believe in God. EOrATCTBO neut. 1. wealth. OrpoMHoe 6oraTCTBo. Great wealth. 2. pi. resources. IIpHpoflHHe 6oraT- CTBa. Natural resources. EOFAT|Blfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form 6oraT, -a, -o, -bi 1. rich, BoraTLifi ^ejiOBeK. A rich person. 2. fig. rich. BoraTHH ypoJKan, yjiOB. A rich harvest, catch. BOS m., prepos. b 6ok> & o 66e; pi. 6oh, 6oes battle nornSnyTB b 6ok>. To die in bat- tle. Ha nojie 66a. On the battle- field. BOK m., prepos. b (na) 6ony; pi. -a side JlejftaTb Ha 6oKy. To lie on one's side. UoBepHyTBca 66kom. To turn side-ways. BOJTEE adv. more BoJiee bbicokhh. Taller. BoJiee hh- TepeCHbiH. More interesting. <> TeM 66jiee (qTo). The more so; especially as. Bojiee hjih Menee. More or less. EOJIE3HB /. disease, illness BOJI 11 BOH Ta>Kejiaa 6oae3Hb. A grave _ disease. BOJIEH, 6oaba|a, -6, -m s/wrZ ad/, used as /jredic. ill (c/. EOJIBHOll) H 66aea. / aw ill. Ona 6oabHa y?Ke aaBHo. She has been ill for a long time. BOJIEITB 1 , -K), -emb, -iot imp. a e m? to be ill BojiexL flOJiro. To 6e i/Z /or a long time. BoJieTB rpannoM. To be ill with the 'flu. H 6ojieJi aHrHHOH. / had a sore throat. EOJI1ETB 2 , 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -tit, -ht imp. to hurt, to ache Y Mens 6ojiht Hora. My leg hurts me. y Mens Sojiht roaoBa. / have a headache. Y aero 6oJiejni 3y6bi. He had a toothache. Y Hee 6oaitT ropjro. Bhe has a sore throat. EOJIBHftUA /. hospital PopoACKaa 6oabHHna. A city hospi- tal. JTe/KaTL b 6ojitHHne. To be in hospital, EOJIBHO 1. adv. badly. MaabaiiK 66jilho yniH6cfl. The boy hurt himself badly. 2. predic. impers. it hurts. MHe 66 JifeHO. It hurts me. BOJIbH|0fi, -aa, -6e, -Lie 1. sick, bad, diseased. BoJibnaa fleBOHKa. A sick girl. Eojibaoe, cepAAe. A bad heart. 2. fig, sore. Eojibhoh Bonpoc. A sore problem. 9to ero 6ojibaoe MeCTO. This is his sore spot. BOJIBH|0S w., gen. -oro; 6ojiLH|aa /., gen. • -oh, pi. -bie, gen. -ikx sick person, patient Bo^LHofi JieiKRT b 6ojibHiine. The patient is in, hospital. Bpaa ocMaT- pHBaeT 6ojiBHoro. The doctor is examining the patient. EOJIBIIIE 1. comp. of 6ojimhoh bigger. Mock- Ba 6oJibine Jleaimrpana. Moscow is bigger than Leningrad. 2. comp. of MHOro more. Oh 3aaeT SoJibrae, qeM a (6oJibme Mean). He knows more than I do. <> Bojibine scero. Most of all. 3. adv. more. EoJibme aeT BonpocoB? No more questions? R 6oJibrae ne Mory. / can't endure it any longer. BOJIBIHHHCTBO neut., no ph ma- jority, most BoJibniHHCTBO cTyfleHTOB 3annMaeTca cnopTOM. Most students go in for sports, BOJIbiniOS, -aa, -6e, -ne, comp. 66jib- me (q. v.) 1. big, large. Boabmon n.0M. A big house. BoJibmaa pena. A large river. 2. great. Bojibmaa panocTb. A great j°y- BOMBA /. bomb ATOMnaa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. BoftopoAHaa 66M6a. A hydrogen bomb. B3opBaTb 6oM6y. To explode a bomb. BOP|EIJ m. t gen. -na fighter Bopen 3a cbo 66ny. A fighter for freedom. Bopn,Li sa'MHp. Champions of peace. EOPOTBCH, 6opi6cb, 66pembca, 66- piOTCa imp. 3 a a t 6? 3 a koto? npoTHB ^ero? npoTiiB ko- to? c KeM? c aeM? to fight, to struggle BopoTbca c BparoM. To fight the enemy. BopoTbca c 6ojie3HaMH. To fight disease. BopoTbca 3a Map. To fight for peace, EOPBBA /., no pi. 3 a a to"? 3 a koto? n p 6 t h b aero? npo- THB koto? c KeM? c a e m? 1. fight, struggle. Bopb6a 3a ae3a- BHCHMOCTb. Struggle for independ- ence. Bopb6a nponiB BparoB. The fight against the enemies. KjiaccoBaa 6opb6a. Class struggle. ITojBiTHaecKaa 6opb6a. A politi- cal struggle. 2. wrestling. KaaccaaecKaa 6opb- 6a. Greco-Roman wrestling. Bojil- Haa 6opb6a. Free style wrestling. EOTftH|KH pl. t gen. pi. -ok; sing, -ok, gen. -Ka boots KynHTb 6othhkh. To buy boots, Bothhkh copoK BTOporo pa3Mepa. Size number forty-two boots. BOlJlTbCH, -web, -nmbca, -area imp. koto? aer6? & -f- inf. to be afraid, to fear BoaTbca npocTy^u. To fear a chill. BoaTbca Mopo3a. To be afraid of the frost. BoaTbca 3a6oaexb. To be afraid of falling ill. H 6oi6cb t hto EPA 12 ono3Aaio Ha noe3ft. / am afraid I'll miss the train. <> Bojikob 6oflTi>cH — b Jiec ne xoftHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven- ture^ nothing have. ,D[ejio MacTepa 6ohtch (proverb). Cf. He works best who knows his trade. BPAT m., pi. 6paTbH, 6paTtes brother Crap mil fi 6paT. The elder (eldest) brother. MJia#niHH 6paT. The young- er (youngest) brother, <> Pohhoh: 5pai\ Brother, ,Q(boh> pOAHbiii 6paT. (First) cousin. EPATB, 6ep|y, -einb, -yT, past 6paji, 6pajra, 6paji|o, -h imp ^ t o? ko- to?//?. B3HTB, B03BM|y, -emb, -yT, past B3HJI, B3HJld, B3flJT|0, -II 1. to take. Oh 6epeT khhth co CTOJia. He is taking the books off the table. 2. 3 a tito? to take. BpaTb Koro- HH6yAb 3a pyny. To take some- body by the hand. 3. to borrow. BpaTb khhth b 6h6- JiHOTeKe. To borrow books from the library. <> B3HTb ce6n b pyiui. To pull oneself together. B3flTb cjiobo. To take the floor. EPATBCH, 6ep|yct, -embCH, -yxca, past 6paJicn, 6paJi|acb, -ocl, -hcb imp. 3 a koto? 3 a hto?//>. B3HTbCH, B03BM|yCb, -embCfl, -yTCH, past B3ffJICH, B3HJl|aCb, -OCb, -HCb 1. to take bold of. Oh b3hjich 3a py^Ky MBepn. He took hold of the handle of the door. 2. fig. to apply oneself (to). Oh ro- pa^o B3HJICH 3a pa6oTy. He set about the work enthusiastically. EPHrAflA /. team EpnraAa padonnx. A team of workers. BPlITBCH, 6pe|iocB, -embca, -iotch imp. Heu?/p. noSpHTBCH, no6pe> iocb, -eratcH, -lOTca to shave — Bh 6peeTect b napiiKMaxepcKoi? — HeT, h 6p6ioc& caM. ilDo you shave at a barber's?" "No, I shave myself." BPOB|B /., gen. pi. -eii eyebrow ^epnue 6poBH. Black eyebrows. XMypHTL 6poBH. To knit one's brows. EPOflSTB, 6poH<y, 6p6flHmb, 6p6flHT imp. to roam Mr fldjiro 6po^HJin no jiecy. We roamed the forest for a long time. EPOCA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. f p. 6p6|ciiT&, -my, -cnmb, -cht 1. koto? "i to? Kyfta? to throw. BpociiTb pLi6y b BOAy. To throw a fish into the water, h e M? B KOTO? bo ito? BpociiTb KaMHeM b okho. To throw a stone at a window. 2. -{- inf. to give up. Epocnrb Ky- piiTb. To give up smoking. <> EpocaTb cJiOBa na seTep. To talk at random. BPOCA|TBCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotch imp. k y a a? na Kor6?//>. 6p6|- chtlch, -mycb, -cnmbCH, -chtch to throw oneself (on), to attack Co6aKa 6p6cmiacb na nejiOBeKa. The dog attacked the man. BpocHTbCH b Mope. To throw oneself into the sea. BPOCHTB see EPOCATE BPOCHTBCH see BPOCATBCH BPK)KH no sing., gen. pi. 6pion trou- sers MyjKCKHe 6piOKH. Men's trousers. Ey^flTB, 6y?Ky, oyAHHib, 6yAHT imp. koto? Ip. pa36yA^Tb, pa36y>Ky, pa36yAnmb, pas6yAHT to wake Pa36yAHTb TOBapnma. To wake up a friend. ByflTO con), as if Oh paccKa3tiBaeT TaK HHTepecno, 6yAT0 caM Bee §to BH^eJi. He has such an interesting way of telling things as though he had actually seen them himself. E^flyimEE neut.\ gen. -ero the fu- ture J\e?n — Hame 6y/*ymee. Children are our future. B'6yflymeM. In the future. By^yimilK, -an, -ee, -ne future; next Byflymaa pa6oTa. Future work. B 6yflymewc ro#y. Next year. E^KBA /. letter ... B pyccKOM aJi$aBHTe 33 SyKEti, There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. E^JIJKA /., gen. pi -ok roll CAoGnaa 6vJiKa. A bun. E^JIOHH|AH [-mn-] /., gen. -ol bakery KynriTb x^e6a b 6yjio^Hoii. To buy some bread at the baker's. 13 BA5K BYMArA /. 1. no pi. paper. ^ricxaa 6yaiara. Clean paper. EyMara rjih nucs- ua. Note-paper. 2. : U(enHBie 6yMarn. Securities. BYPH /. storm CHjiBnaa 6ypa. A violent storm. <> Bypfl b cxaKaiie borm. A storm in a teacup. ByTEPBPOA m. sandwich ByTep6p6ji c msicjiom. Bread and butter. ByTep6poA c BeT^HHOii. A ham sandwich. ByTb'IJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok bottle ByTbiJiKa MOjroKa. A bottle of milk. ByOET m. 1. sideboard. B 6y$ere ctoht ^ain- KH H CTaKaHH. There are cups and glasses in the sideboard. 2. buffet. By$ex pa66xaeT c 9 *iacoB. The buffet is open from 9 o'clock. BBI (B) modal . particle , rendered in English by the Conditional Mood and also by the compound pronouns and adverbs whoever, whatever, however, whenever, etc. I. 1. Ecjih 6bi a 3naji, a 6u no3BO~ hhji Te6e. Had I known, I would have, called you up. 2. JleroM a xoTest 6bi noexaTB b JlenHHrpa^. / should like to go to Leningrad in summer. 3. IlleJi 6bi Tbi cnaTbl You ought to go to bed! II. 1. Kto 6bi Mor 3T0 cfleJiaTb? Whoever could have done that? EBIBA|TB, -io, -eniB, -k>t imp. 1. to go, to visit. H ^acTO 6bib3lio b TeaTpe. / often go to the theatre. 2. to be, to occur. 3hm6h SuBaiOT 6ojn>raue MOpo3Bi. There are severe frosts in winter. E£lCTP|Blil, -an, -oe, -Bie, short form 6hctp, 6HCTpa, 6bicTp|o, ~bi; adv. 6bictpo quick, swift BsiCTpaa peKa. A swift river. Bbict- po exaTB. To go quickly. BL1TB, 3rd pers. sing, of Present Tense ecTB is often omitted; fut. 6yjx\y, -eraB, -yr, past 6biji, 6&iJia, 6bijio, Sbioih; ne 6biji (-o, -h), He 6BiJia imp. 1. there is (are). B MocKBe ecTB yHMBepciiTeT. There is a univer- sity in Moscow. PaaBme 3AecB 6biji Jiec, a TenepB r6po,n;.' There used to be a forest here, and now there is a town. B MocKBe mhofo TeaTpoB. There are many theatres in Moscow. 2. to have, y MeHa ecTB 6paT. / have a brother. Y Mena 6bijt 6paT. / had a brother. 3. to be (ecTB is omitted). Ceiiaac 3HMa, It is winter now. Baepa 6biji cuer. There was snow yester- day. B^epa 6BUia naTHima, ce~ to^hh cy66oTa, a sasipa 6va©t BOCKpeceHBe. Yesterday was Fri- day, today is Saturday and to- morrow will be Sunday. 4. to be (ecTB is omitted) Moh 6pax — HHJKenep- My brother is an en- gineer. Moh OTen; 6biji BpaaoM. My father was a doctor. H 6y#y arpoflOMOM. / shall be an agrono- mist. B, B B (BO) prep. I. + prepos. 1. in. B nticBMeHHOM cToae. In the desk. TKiitb b MocKBe. To live in Moscow. HpoaHTaTB b ra- 3eTe. To read in a newspaper. 2. in. PoflHTbca B 1949 roj^y. To be born in 1949. B asrycTe. In August. B nponuioM Bene. In the last century. 3. in. ^ejiOBen b aepnoM KOCTiOMe. A man in a black suit. II. + & c£- 1. in, to, at. IIojiojkhtb b iHKa$. To put in the wardrobe. IIpnexaTB b MocKBy. To come to Moscow. 2. on, at. B cy66oTy b Tpn naca 6yn;eT co6paHHe. There will be a meeting at three o'clock on Saturday. 3. not translated. ITepeBBmoJiiiHTB njian b jsps. pa3a. To fulfil a plan twofold. BAFOH m. (railway) carriage JKeeTKHH Baron. A hard-seated rail- way carriage. M street Baron . A soft- seated railway carriage. BA/KHjBIXl, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short form EajKeH, BajKHa, Baa<H|o, ~bi; adv. 1. important. Banmoe cooSnxemie.

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A FOUNDATION DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN A FOUNDATION DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN 3000 HIGH SEMANTIC FREQUENCY WORDS ILLUSTRATED WITH PHRASES AND SENTENCES (formerly titled "Essential Russian- English Dictionary") BY B. G. ANPILOGOVA, E. Y. VLADIMIRSKY, V. I. ZIMIN AND E. Y. SOSENKO ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY V. KOROTKY Dover Publications, Inc., CNew york Published in Canada by General Publishing Com- pany Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario, Published in the United Kingdom by Constable and Company, Ltd., 10 Orange Street, London WC 2. This Dover edition, first published in 1967, is an unabridged and unaltered republication of the work originally published by Progress Publishers, Moscow, under the title Essential Russian-English Dictionary. International Standard Book Number: 0-486-21860-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-28632 Manufactured in the United States of America Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street New York, N.Y. 10014 FOREWORD This book is intended for students studying Russian with or without a teacher (in study groups, at courses, etc.) outside Russian linguistic milieu. It is a dictionary, i.e., besides lists of the commonest Russian words (vo- cabulary) with English translations, it gives grammatical characteristics of the words and illustrative material, explaining not only the meanings of the words but their uses as well. The illustrative material consists of phrases and sentences showing the meanings of the words, and brief contexts, which are traditional, ordinary, semantically stable or, in any case, very commonly used, e.g. jik>6ob& k po~ #HHe love for one's country, c^eJiaTb bhbo# to draw a conclusion, coBepmnTb no- CTynoK to perform an action, KaK sac 30ByT? What is your name?, Mli ono3#a- jih k na^ajiy cneKTanjiH We were late for the performance, etc. A number of words are followed by the sign <>, after which phrases, proverbs or figurative expressions containing these words are given, e.g. Jlter Kan H3 Be/jpa It is raining cats and dogs, Bcero xoponiero All the best, Ym xopomo, a ftBa jiynme Two heads are better than one, etc. The vocabulary comprises some 3,000 of the commonest Russian words. At the end of the Dictionary, thematic word lists are supplied, which widen the scope of the vocabulary. It is hoped that the study of the lexico-grammatical material of the Dic- tionary will provide the necessary foundation .for conversation on various everyday subjects and reading of modern Russian fiction and periodicals without consulting a Russian-English dictionary too often. Every article in this Dictionary includes the word under consideration in its initial form and defines it grammatically (either stating what part of speech it is or giving its forms). If a word has several meanings, only the commonest of these are given, each under a separate figure. Homonyms are entered as separate words marked 1, 2, 3, etc. Derivatives are not generally given in the same article as their root words but as caption words, since the Dictionary is based on an exact word count. The part of speech is indicated only in the case of adverbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and particles. Nouns, verbs and adjectives have no such labels, as their grammatical characteristics given in the article define them clearly enough. Nouns are entered in the nominative singular, their gender and the pecu- liarities in the formation of the case forms, if any, are indicated. In the case of an unstable vowel, the genitive singular (e.g. Konlen, gen. -na, end) or genitive plural (e.g. naji|Ka, gen. pi. -ok, stick; okho, gen. pi. okoh, window) is supplied. The paradigms of nouns declined irregularly are given in full. Indeclinable nouns are marked indecl. All those forms of nouns in which there is a stress shift are given, e.g. boa3» acc. boAy » water; ctoji, gen. CTOJia, pi. ctojibi, table; etc. Adjectives are entered in the masculine; the feminine, neuter _ and plural endings following the initial form. The comparative is given only if there are 4 irregularities in its formation (interchange of sounds, suppletion). Short form adjectives are given in the same article as the long form ones. Personal pronouns are followed by their declension paradigms. Possessive and demonstrative pronouns are given in the masculine singular, followed by the feminine, neuter and plural forms. Verbs are entered in the infinitive, followed by the 1st and 2nd persons singular and the 3rd person plural. Cases where a verb form is not used are specially marked, e.g. npOAOJmtaTLca to continue, 1st & 2nd pers. not used; no- 6ejiHTB to win, 1st pers. sing, not used, etc. The peculiarities in the formation of the past and the imperative are given. The past is supplied only if it is formed irregularly or if its formation is accompanied by a shift of stress (Be3TH to carry — Be3, Be3Jia; b3htb to take — bshji, B3flJia). Irregular formations of the imperative are also supplied, e.g. 6htb to beat — Sen. Aspects of verbs are given in the following manner. In the case of perfec- tive verbs only the infinitive is given, w7 ith reference to the imperfective for meaning. Articles containing imperfective forms also include the perfective forms and illustrative examples explaining both forms. After the imperfective forms questions are supplied helping to determine the government of the verb under consideration and of its perfective counter- part in each of their meanings. If a verb has a different government in one of its meanings, the questions are given for that particular meaning. When a verb is used only in one aspect in one of its meanings, this is always indicated, as well as the cases where the verb has one perfective coun- terpart in one meaning and a different one in another. Questions helping to determine the government of a word are also given after certain nouns, adverbs and adjectives. Assuming that the student will work at the Dictionary simultaneously with studying grammar, forms different from their initial forms are not entered as separate words, e.g. meji (from ii^th to go), Bbime (from bbicokhh high), MHe (from a I), etc. All such forms can be found in the articles on the ini- tial forms. Exceptions are suppletive forms which are beginning to be used as independent words with a specific meaning (e.g. jnoftn people, jiy^me better, etc.). In such cases the suppletive forms are entered with reference to their principal forms. Participles and verbal adverbs are not entered at all. In the Supplement, the words are grouped thematically. In the section Names of Nationalities, the head words are the nouns de- noting nationality in the masculine and feminine singular and in the plural. These are followed by the names of the countries and the corresponding adjec- tives, e.g. <f)paHH,y3 Frenchman, <£paHuy>KeHKa Frenchwoman; $paHn;y3i>i the French, OpaHUHH France; $paHn.y3CKHu French. Forms which have not yet become quite stable are not given. Stress is indicated throughout the Dictionary. The primary stress is marked ['], the secondary p ]. All the words without independent stress should be merged in pronunciation with the principal word, as t&k >Ke, na ctoji, ne 6 bin, He cxaji, etc. In some cases the pronunciation is given in square brackets. The Compilers THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET A a P p B 6 G c B B T T F r y y E e X x E e m >k 3 3 EI in H H m m ft H K K BI H «J X til b M M 9 3 H H K) io o H H n n ABBREVIATIONS ace, accusative adj,, adjective adv., adverb ant., antonym colloq., colloquial comp., comparative conj., conjunction dat., dative /., feminine fig., figurative fut., future gen., genitive imp., imperfective imper., imperative impers., impersonal indecl., indeclinable inf., infinitive instr., instrumental lit., literal m., masculine n., noun neat., neuter num., numeral p., perfective paren., parenthetic part., participle pers., person philos., philosophy pL, plural poss., possessive pred., predicate predic, predicative prep., preposition prepos., prepositional pron., pronoun q. v., which see sing., singular supeH., superlative usu., usually A, a A con), and H ynyc& b yhhb6peineTe, a ne b hh- CTHTyTe. / study at a university, and not at an institute. Mu H3ynaeM pyCCKHH H3BIK, a 0HK aHrJIl'lHCKHII. We study Russian and they, English. ABryCT m., no f pL August Cero/iHH #ecHToe aBrycTa. Today is the tenth of August. H npnexan b aBrycxe. / came in August, fl npn- exaji AecHToro aBrycTa. / came on the tenth of August. ABTOBYC m. bus ExaTB na aBTo6yco. To go by bus. B aBTo6yce MHoro HapoAy. There are many people in the bus. ABTOMAT m. automatic machine Tejie<|K3H~aBTOMaT. Public telephone. GTaHOK-aBTOMaT. Automatic machine- tool. ABTOMOBfiJIb m. motor-car ExaTt na &BTOMo6HJie. To go by car. ABTOP m. author AbtoP khhth. The author of a book. ABTOP^ lI|KA /., gen. pi. -gk foun- tain-pen IlHcaTb aBTOpy^KOH. To write with a fountain-pen. ArPECCflBHIblS, -as, -oe, -tie aggres- sive ArpeccHBHan nojintHKa. An aggres- sive policy. ArPOHOM m. agronomist PaSoTaTfc arponoMOM. To work as an agronomist. AJJPEC rn., pi. -a address J\ame uue Bam aa pec. Give me your address. ITocnaTB hhcbmo no a^pe- cy. To send a letter to an address. AKAftfiMHH /, academy AKa^^MHH nays:. The Academy of Sciences. GejiBCKOX03HHCiBeHHafl aKa^eMHH. The Agricultural Academy. yHHTBca b aKa^MHH. To study at an academy. AKKyPATHIblK, -an, -oe, -He, short form aKKyp^Ten, aKKyp&rH|a t -o, -h; ado. aKKyparao painstaking, punctual AKKyp^THHH ctvkSht. A painstak- ing, punctual student. IThc6te> aK- KypaTHO. To write carefully. AHAJIH3 m. analysis Aniens h CHHTe3. Analysis and synthesis. Ah^jihs MeHtAyHaptfAHoro noJioHteHHH. An analysis of the in- ternational situation. Ahsljih3 KpOBH. Blood test. AHrfiHA /., no pi. tonsillitis y mqhk aHrHHa. / have tonsillitis. BoJieTB aHrnnoH. To be ill with tonsillitis. AIIEJIbCfiH m. orange BKycHBin anejiBCira. A tasty orange. KnjiorpaMM anejiBCHHOB. A kilo- gramme of oranges. AnJIOHfiPlOBATb, -yio, -yerab, -yiOT imp. k o m y? ne My? to applaud AnjiOAnpoBaTb apTHCTy. To applaud an actor. AIHIETST m. appetite Xopomnn anneTHT. A good appe- tite. IIpHHTHoro anneTHTal / wish you a good appetite! AIIPEJIb m. t no pi. April CeroAHH nepBoe anpena. Today is the first of April. Oh npneA^T b anpeJie. He will come in April. J^BafluaTB TpeTBero anpe-rtfl mbi 63- AHJin na BKCKypcnio. We went on an excursion on the twenty-third of April. AETTEKA /. chemist's fle?KypHafi anTeKa. Duty chemist's. IIoKynaTb JieKapcTBa b anreKe. To buy medicine at a chemist's shop. APEy*3 m. water-melon CneJifcJH ap6y3. A ripe water-melon. APE 8 BE3 APECT|OBATB, -yro, -yem&, -yiOT imp. & jy. koto? to arrest ApecTOBaTB npecTynniiKa. To arrest a criminal. APMHH /. army CaJiLHajT apMHH. A strong army. APTflCT m. actor ApTHCT khho. A cinema actor. Ha- poffHHH apTiicT CGGP. A People's Artist of the USSR. APXHTEKTOP m. architect TjiaBHUH apxnTeKTOp. The chief architect. IIpo^KT apxHTeKTOpa. The architect's project. ACIIHPAHT m. post-graduate student AcnnpauT Ka<£eApH MaTeMaTHKH. A post-graduate of the Mathematics Chair. ATOM m. atom Atom BOAopoAa. A hydrogen atom. ATOMH|Bltl, -an, -oe, -He atomic ATOMHaa anepriiH. Atomic energy. ATOMHaa aJieKTpocTaHnHH. An atom- ic power-station. Atomheih JietfO- koji. An atomic ice-breaker. ATOM- Haa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. AyflHTOPHH /. 1. lecture-room. IlaTafl ay^HTopHH. Lecture-room No. 5. Mh 3ann- MaeMca b TpeTBen ayflHTopira. We have our lessons in Boom Three. 2. audience. BHHMaTejitHafl ayjin- TopHfi. An attentive audience. A3PO3P0M m. aerodrome Ha aapoApoMe. At the. aerodrome. ExaTB Ha aapoApoM. To drive to the aerodrome. A3POII0PT m., prepos. b aaponopry airport BcTpenaxb AeJieraniiio b aaponopTy. To meet a delegation at the airport. E, 5 BABymiKA /., gen. pi. -eK grand- mother BA3A /. 1. basis. 9K0H0MiraecKafl 6a3a. An economic basis. 2. base. BoeHHaa 6a3a. A military base. BAJI m., prepos, na 6ajiy & o 6aJTe; pi. -u ball Ohii no3HaKOMHJinci> na 6ajiy. They met at a ball. EAJIET m. ballet Hobhh 6aJieT. A new ballet. Cmo- TpeTB 6ajieT. To see a ballet. IIohth Ha 6ajieT. To go to a ballet. BAJIKOH m. balcony Bbihth Ha 6ajiKOH. To come (go) out on to the balcony. BAHK m. bank rocy^apcTBeHHtii 6aHK. The State Bank. HaunoHajitHHH 6aHK. The National Bank. EAH|KA /., gen. pi. -ok jar CTeKJiHHHan 6aHKa. A glass jar. EAHH /. bath-house EACKETEOJI m., no pi. basket-ball MrpaTS b 6acKeT66ji. To play bas- ket-ball. BACCEflH m. 1. swimming-pool. njianaTB b 6ac- ceime. To swim in a swimming- pool. 2. basin. KaMenHoyroJiBHtiH 6ac- cetiH. A coal basin. EAm|HH /., gen. pi. -en tower BticoKafl 6amHH. A high tower. KpeMJieBCKiie 6amHH. The Kremlin towers. BEFAITL, -io, -erat, -k>t imp. to run fleTH 6eraK>T b ca#y. The children are^ running about in the garden. BE 3A f., pi. 6eAH misfortune, trouble flpyr noMor MHe b 6e%e. My friend helped me in my need. BEflHjblfi, -an, -oe, -Lie, short form 6eAen, 6eAHa, 6e,HH[o, -h; adv. o^fluo 1. poor. BeAaaa crpana. A poor country. Oh 6liji 6eAH0 oa6t. He was poorly dressed. 2. fig. poor, y nerd 6eAHoe boo6- pa>KeHH0. He has a poor imagi- nation. 3. fig., only complete form poor. BeAHan H<eHinHHai Ona noTepana cmna. The poor woman! She has lost her son. BE/KATE, 6ery, 6e?KHmL, 6eryT imp. 1. to run, CnopTCMen 6emm 6uct- po. The sportsman runs quickly. 2. fig. to fly. BpeMH 6emwr. Time flies. BE3 prep. -{-gen. without Han 6e3 caxapa. Tea without sugar. Xoahtl 6e3 manKH. To go without a cap. EE3 9 BHJ1 <0> Be3 naTH aranyT BOceMb. Five minutes to eight. HeT n>iMa 6"e3 orHfl (proverb). There is no smoke without a fire. EE3PAE<5TH|blfl w., gen. -oro unem- ployed person Oh 6e3pa6oTHHH. He is unemployed. BEJI|blS, -an, -oe, -Lie white Benaa CKaTepTb. A white table-cloth. <> Benhm xjieo". White bread. BEJIBE neut., no pi. underwear; linen Ha#eT& qncToe 6ejite. To put on clean underwear. OTflarB 6eJifce b CTHpny, To give out one's washing. IIocTeJi&Hoe 6eJii>e. Bed-linen. BEPEF m. t prepos. o 6epere & na 6e- pery; pL -a bank, shore Beper peKH. The bank of the river. Beper 03epa. The shore of the lake. OTAHxaTb Ha 6epery Mopa. To rest at the seaside. BEPEHb, 6epery, 6epe>KemL ? Seperyi, past 6eper, 6eper«n|a, -6, -h imp. koto? hto? to take care (of) Beper vine 3#opoBBe. Take care of your health. Eepeat Aexea. To take care of the children. Bepe^iB BpeMJT. To make the most of one's time. BECEflA /. conversation flpyjKecKaa 6ecena. A friendly con- versation. BecTH 6ece#y. To carry on a conversation, EECEffiOBATb, -yto, -yerat, -yK>T imp. c k e m? o kom? o a e m? /p . no- 6eceA|OBaTB, -yio, -yerat, -yiOT to talk H 6ece#yK> c TOBapHmeM o hoboh KHHre. / am talking about a new book with my friend. EECKOHEHHIBIB, -aa, -oe, -tie, short form 6ecK0HeaeH, 6ecKOHeaHja, -o, -BI 1. endless. EecKOHeanaa paBunna. An endless plain. 2. endless. GecKoneaHBiH cnop. An endless argument. 3. infinite. Mnp 6ecKOHeaen, The world is infinite. EECIIAPTfifiHIBlfi m., gen. -oro non- party Oh 6ecnapTHHHHH. He belongs to no party. BECnJlATHlBlfi, -aa, -oe, -He; adv. 6ecnjiaTH0 free, gratis BecnnaTHoe o6y tieHHe. Free educa- tion. BecnjiaTnoe MeflnnancKoe 06- CJiyjKHBaHne . Free medical service. OT#Lixa*TB 6ecnjiaTHO b canaTopnir. To have free lodgings and board in a sanatorium. BE CrtOKO IWThCH , -row., -hiubch, -aTCa imp. o kom? o neii? 1. to worry, to be anxious. Becno- kohtlch o fleTflX. To worry about the children. BecnoKoHTBca o 3#opoBBe. To be concerned with one's health. 2. to bother. He SecnoKoirrecB, a caM 3T0 c^ejiaio. Don't bother, I'll do it myself. BECnOKOllHIBlH, -aa, -oe, -Bie; adv. 6ecnoKOHHO 1. restless. BecnoKoiraaa jkh3Hb. A restless life. 2. restless. BecnoKOHiiBin qe-JiOBeK. A restless person. 3. fig. agitated. BecnOKoimoe Mope. A. choppy sea. BECnOJJE3H|BlS, -an, -oe, -Bie, short form 6ecnojie3eH, 6ecnojre3H|a, -o -bi; adv. 6ecnojre3HO useless Becnojie3Hoe 3anaTiie. A useless occupation. BECnOMOH};H|BlK, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short form 6ecnoMOrqeH, 6ecn6M0ina|a, -o, -bi; adv. 6ecnoMomHO helpless BecnoMon^HBiH peSenoK. A helpless child . BECnOPflfllOK m., gen. -Ka disorder BecnopaAOK b KOMaaTe. Disorder in the room. BHBJIHOTEKA /. library Hayaaaa 6a6JinoTeKa. A scientific literature library. IIy6jiK~aHafl 6*h6- JiHOTeKa. A public library. BpaTB KHHrn b 6ir6JiHOTeKe, To borrow books from a library. BHJIET m. 1. ticket. BiuieT b TeaTp, b khho, na KOHiiepT; na noe3H., aa napo- xo#, na caMOJieT. A ticket for the theatre, for the cinema, for a con- cert; for a train, for a ship, for a plane. 2. card. ITapTiiHHBiri 6mieT. A party membership card. HpiirJiaCHTeJiB- hbih SiiJieT. An invitation card. CryAeHaecKHii 6iiJieT. A stu- dent's card. 3. 9K3aMeHann6HHBiH 6n.neT. A EHO 10 EOJI question-paper (for oral examina- tions) . BII0rPA<DHH /. biography PaccKa3aTb 6norpa$HK). To tell one's biography. BUTE, 6b|eo, -ems, -iot; imper. 6en imp. 1. koto? h e m? no neiny? to beat. Oh 6hji co6aKy najiKofi no cnnne. He beat the dog on the back with a stick. 2. ito? ieM? p. pa36iiTB, pa- 3o6b|i6, -emb, -iot to break. Pa36i?Tb CTeKJio KaMHeM. To break a pane with a stone. Pa3- 6htb CTaKan. To break a glass. 3. koto? p. pa36nTL to defeat. Pa36irn> Bpara. To defeat the enemy. 4. p. npo6HTB, 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. npo6b|eT, -iot to strike. Bbiot nacbi KpeMJies- ckoh 6araHH. The clock of the Kremlin tower is striking. BfiTBCH, 6b|iocb, -eniBca, -iotch imp. 1. to beat. Cepflue 6wjiocb. The heart was beating. 2. to struggle. Oh £OJiro ^ujior Has pemenneM 3a#aHii. He wrestled with the problem for a long time. BJIArOJJAPlfiTB, -K), -iimh, -at imp. koto? hto? 3a ht67/p. no6jia- roAaplHTt, -io, -Hfflb, -ht to thank Bjiaro^apio sac 3a BHiiMaHHe. (I) thank you for your attention. EJlArOftAPJ! prep.+dat. thanks to, owing to EjiaroflapfT ynopnony Tpy^y ohh BfcipaCTHJin 6oraTBiH ypoJKaii. Thanks to persistent work they've grown a rich crop. BJIEflHEITB, -io, -em&, -iot imp.jp. no6jie^He|TB, -io, -emB, -iot to turn pale no6jie^HeTB ot CTpaxa. To blanch with terror. EJIEJJHIblfl, -an, -oe, -tie, short form Gjie^en, Sjie^na, 6jie£Hjo, -bi; adv. 6jieAHO 1. pale. BueAHoe Jinn.6. A pale face. Bji6ahhh ot BOJiHeHHH. Pale with excitement. 2. fig. colourless. BjieAHMH oTBeT. A colourless answer. EJIEjCTETB, -my, -cthhib, -ctht or -my, 6jieinemB ) SjiemyT, 1st & 2nd pers. rarely used, imp. to shine, to sparkle GHer 6;iecTHT Ha coJinue. The snow is sparkling in the sun. Tmsa. y nee 6jieCTHT ot paflOCTH. Her eyes are sparkling with joy. EJIECT#IB[|Ilfi f -an, -ee, -He 1. shining. BjiecrainHH npe^weT. A shining object. 2. fig. brilliant. BjiecTflmne ycne- xn. Brilliant success. EjiecTflmHH 0TBeT. A splendid answer. EJIfi3K[HH, -an, -oe, -He, short form 6jih30k, 6jTH3Ka, 6jih3K|o, -h; adv. 6jih3ko; comp. SjrajKe 1. near. Bjiii3Kaa jp;epeBHH. A near village. Jlec h peica 6jih3KO. The river and the forest are close by. H ?KHBy 6JIH3KO OT yHHBepCHTe- Ta. / live near the university. 2. fig. close. Ejih3Khh flpyr. A close friend. EJUDflO neut. 1. dish. Oap$6poBoe 6jik>£0. A porcelain dish. 2. course. IlepBoe 6jii6,n,o. The first course. OSeff H3 Tpex 6jiior. A three-course dinner. BOP [6ox] m., gen. pi. -6b God BepiiTB b 66ra. To believe in God. EOrATCTBO neut. 1. wealth. OrpoMHoe 6oraTCTBo. Great wealth. 2. pi. resources. IIpHpoflHHe 6oraT- CTBa. Natural resources. EOFAT|Blfl, -aa, -oe, -Lie, short form 6oraT, -a, -o, -bi 1. rich, BoraTLifi ^ejiOBeK. A rich person. 2. fig. rich. BoraTHH ypoJKan, yjiOB. A rich harvest, catch. BOS m., prepos. b 6ok> & o 66e; pi. 6oh, 6oes battle nornSnyTB b 6ok>. To die in bat- tle. Ha nojie 66a. On the battle- field. BOK m., prepos. b (na) 6ony; pi. -a side JlejftaTb Ha 6oKy. To lie on one's side. UoBepHyTBca 66kom. To turn side-ways. BOJTEE adv. more BoJiee bbicokhh. Taller. BoJiee hh- TepeCHbiH. More interesting. <> TeM 66jiee (qTo). The more so; especially as. Bojiee hjih Menee. More or less. EOJIE3HB /. disease, illness BOJI 11 BOH Ta>Kejiaa 6oae3Hb. A grave _ disease. BOJIEH, 6oaba|a, -6, -m s/wrZ ad/, used as /jredic. ill (c/. EOJIBHOll) H 66aea. / aw ill. Ona 6oabHa y?Ke aaBHo. She has been ill for a long time. BOJIEITB 1 , -K), -emb, -iot imp. a e m? to be ill BojiexL flOJiro. To 6e i/Z /or a long time. BoJieTB rpannoM. To be ill with the 'flu. H 6ojieJi aHrHHOH. / had a sore throat. EOJI1ETB 2 , 1st & 2nd pers. not used, 3rd pers. -tit, -ht imp. to hurt, to ache Y Mens 6ojiht Hora. My leg hurts me. y Mens Sojiht roaoBa. / have a headache. Y aero 6oJiejni 3y6bi. He had a toothache. Y Hee 6oaitT ropjro. Bhe has a sore throat. EOJIBHftUA /. hospital PopoACKaa 6oabHHna. A city hospi- tal. JTe/KaTL b 6ojitHHne. To be in hospital, EOJIBHO 1. adv. badly. MaabaiiK 66jilho yniH6cfl. The boy hurt himself badly. 2. predic. impers. it hurts. MHe 66 JifeHO. It hurts me. BOJIbH|0fi, -aa, -6e, -Lie 1. sick, bad, diseased. BoJibnaa fleBOHKa. A sick girl. Eojibaoe, cepAAe. A bad heart. 2. fig, sore. Eojibhoh Bonpoc. A sore problem. 9to ero 6ojibaoe MeCTO. This is his sore spot. BOJIBH|0S w., gen. -oro; 6ojiLH|aa /., gen. • -oh, pi. -bie, gen. -ikx sick person, patient Bo^LHofi JieiKRT b 6ojibHiine. The patient is in, hospital. Bpaa ocMaT- pHBaeT 6ojiBHoro. The doctor is examining the patient. EOJIBIIIE 1. comp. of 6ojimhoh bigger. Mock- Ba 6oJibine Jleaimrpana. Moscow is bigger than Leningrad. 2. comp. of MHOro more. Oh 3aaeT SoJibrae, qeM a (6oJibme Mean). He knows more than I do. <> Bojibine scero. Most of all. 3. adv. more. EoJibme aeT BonpocoB? No more questions? R 6oJibrae ne Mory. / can't endure it any longer. BOJIBIHHHCTBO neut., no ph ma- jority, most BoJibniHHCTBO cTyfleHTOB 3annMaeTca cnopTOM. Most students go in for sports, BOJIbiniOS, -aa, -6e, -ne, comp. 66jib- me (q. v.) 1. big, large. Boabmon n.0M. A big house. BoJibmaa pena. A large river. 2. great. Bojibmaa panocTb. A great j°y- BOMBA /. bomb ATOMnaa 6oM6a. An atomic bomb. BoftopoAHaa 66M6a. A hydrogen bomb. B3opBaTb 6oM6y. To explode a bomb. BOP|EIJ m. t gen. -na fighter Bopen 3a cbo 66ny. A fighter for freedom. Bopn,Li sa'MHp. Champions of peace. EOPOTBCH, 6opi6cb, 66pembca, 66- piOTCa imp. 3 a a t 6? 3 a koto? npoTHB ^ero? npoTiiB ko- to? c KeM? c aeM? to fight, to struggle BopoTbca c BparoM. To fight the enemy. BopoTbca c 6ojie3HaMH. To fight disease. BopoTbca 3a Map. To fight for peace, EOPBBA /., no pi. 3 a a to"? 3 a koto? n p 6 t h b aero? npo- THB koto? c KeM? c a e m? 1. fight, struggle. Bopb6a 3a ae3a- BHCHMOCTb. Struggle for independ- ence. Bopb6a nponiB BparoB. The fight against the enemies. KjiaccoBaa 6opb6a. Class struggle. ITojBiTHaecKaa 6opb6a. A politi- cal struggle. 2. wrestling. KaaccaaecKaa 6opb- 6a. Greco-Roman wrestling. Bojil- Haa 6opb6a. Free style wrestling. EOTftH|KH pl. t gen. pi. -ok; sing, -ok, gen. -Ka boots KynHTb 6othhkh. To buy boots, Bothhkh copoK BTOporo pa3Mepa. Size number forty-two boots. BOlJlTbCH, -web, -nmbca, -area imp. koto? aer6? & -f- inf. to be afraid, to fear BoaTbca npocTy^u. To fear a chill. BoaTbca Mopo3a. To be afraid of the frost. BoaTbca 3a6oaexb. To be afraid of falling ill. H 6oi6cb t hto EPA 12 ono3Aaio Ha noe3ft. / am afraid I'll miss the train. <> Bojikob 6oflTi>cH — b Jiec ne xoftHTb (proverb). Cf. Nothing ven- ture^ nothing have. ,D[ejio MacTepa 6ohtch (proverb). Cf. He works best who knows his trade. BPAT m., pi. 6paTbH, 6paTtes brother Crap mil fi 6paT. The elder (eldest) brother. MJia#niHH 6paT. The young- er (youngest) brother, <> Pohhoh: 5pai\ Brother, ,Q(boh> pOAHbiii 6paT. (First) cousin. EPATB, 6ep|y, -einb, -yT, past 6paji, 6pajra, 6paji|o, -h imp ^ t o? ko- to?//?. B3HTB, B03BM|y, -emb, -yT, past B3HJI, B3HJld, B3flJT|0, -II 1. to take. Oh 6epeT khhth co CTOJia. He is taking the books off the table. 2. 3 a tito? to take. BpaTb Koro- HH6yAb 3a pyny. To take some- body by the hand. 3. to borrow. BpaTb khhth b 6h6- JiHOTeKe. To borrow books from the library. <> B3HTb ce6n b pyiui. To pull oneself together. B3flTb cjiobo. To take the floor. EPATBCH, 6ep|yct, -embCH, -yxca, past 6paJicn, 6paJi|acb, -ocl, -hcb imp. 3 a koto? 3 a hto?//>. B3HTbCH, B03BM|yCb, -embCfl, -yTCH, past B3ffJICH, B3HJl|aCb, -OCb, -HCb 1. to take bold of. Oh b3hjich 3a py^Ky MBepn. He took hold of the handle of the door. 2. fig. to apply oneself (to). Oh ro- pa^o B3HJICH 3a pa6oTy. He set about the work enthusiastically. EPHrAflA /. team EpnraAa padonnx. A team of workers. BPlITBCH, 6pe|iocB, -embca, -iotch imp. Heu?/p. noSpHTBCH, no6pe> iocb, -eratcH, -lOTca to shave — Bh 6peeTect b napiiKMaxepcKoi? — HeT, h 6p6ioc& caM. ilDo you shave at a barber's?" "No, I shave myself." BPOB|B /., gen. pi. -eii eyebrow ^epnue 6poBH. Black eyebrows. XMypHTL 6poBH. To knit one's brows. EPOflSTB, 6poH<y, 6p6flHmb, 6p6flHT imp. to roam Mr fldjiro 6po^HJin no jiecy. We roamed the forest for a long time. EPOCA|TB, -io, -emb, -iot imp. f p. 6p6|ciiT&, -my, -cnmb, -cht 1. koto? "i to? Kyfta? to throw. BpociiTb pLi6y b BOAy. To throw a fish into the water, h e M? B KOTO? bo ito? BpociiTb KaMHeM b okho. To throw a stone at a window. 2. -{- inf. to give up. Epocnrb Ky- piiTb. To give up smoking. <> EpocaTb cJiOBa na seTep. To talk at random. BPOCA|TBCH, -iocb, -embca, -iotch imp. k y a a? na Kor6?//>. 6p6|- chtlch, -mycb, -cnmbCH, -chtch to throw oneself (on), to attack Co6aKa 6p6cmiacb na nejiOBeKa. The dog attacked the man. BpocHTbCH b Mope. To throw oneself into the sea. BPOCHTB see EPOCATE BPOCHTBCH see BPOCATBCH BPK)KH no sing., gen. pi. 6pion trou- sers MyjKCKHe 6piOKH. Men's trousers. Ey^flTB, 6y?Ky, oyAHHib, 6yAHT imp. koto? Ip. pa36yA^Tb, pa36y>Ky, pa36yAnmb, pas6yAHT to wake Pa36yAHTb TOBapnma. To wake up a friend. ByflTO con), as if Oh paccKa3tiBaeT TaK HHTepecno, 6yAT0 caM Bee §to BH^eJi. He has such an interesting way of telling things as though he had actually seen them himself. E^flyimEE neut.\ gen. -ero the fu- ture J\e?n — Hame 6y/*ymee. Children are our future. B'6yflymeM. In the future. By^yimilK, -an, -ee, -ne future; next Byflymaa pa6oTa. Future work. B 6yflymewc ro#y. Next year. E^KBA /. letter ... B pyccKOM aJi$aBHTe 33 SyKEti, There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. E^JIJKA /., gen. pi -ok roll CAoGnaa 6vJiKa. A bun. E^JIOHH|AH [-mn-] /., gen. -ol bakery KynriTb x^e6a b 6yjio^Hoii. To buy some bread at the baker's. 13 BA5K BYMArA /. 1. no pi. paper. ^ricxaa 6yaiara. Clean paper. EyMara rjih nucs- ua. Note-paper. 2. : U(enHBie 6yMarn. Securities. BYPH /. storm CHjiBnaa 6ypa. A violent storm. <> Bypfl b cxaKaiie borm. A storm in a teacup. ByTEPBPOA m. sandwich ByTep6p6ji c msicjiom. Bread and butter. ByTep6poA c BeT^HHOii. A ham sandwich. ByTb'IJI|KA /., gen. pi. -ok bottle ByTbiJiKa MOjroKa. A bottle of milk. ByOET m. 1. sideboard. B 6y$ere ctoht ^ain- KH H CTaKaHH. There are cups and glasses in the sideboard. 2. buffet. By$ex pa66xaeT c 9 *iacoB. The buffet is open from 9 o'clock. BBI (B) modal . particle , rendered in English by the Conditional Mood and also by the compound pronouns and adverbs whoever, whatever, however, whenever, etc. I. 1. Ecjih 6bi a 3naji, a 6u no3BO~ hhji Te6e. Had I known, I would have, called you up. 2. JleroM a xoTest 6bi noexaTB b JlenHHrpa^. / should like to go to Leningrad in summer. 3. IlleJi 6bi Tbi cnaTbl You ought to go to bed! II. 1. Kto 6bi Mor 3T0 cfleJiaTb? Whoever could have done that? EBIBA|TB, -io, -eniB, -k>t imp. 1. to go, to visit. H ^acTO 6bib3lio b TeaTpe. / often go to the theatre. 2. to be, to occur. 3hm6h SuBaiOT 6ojn>raue MOpo3Bi. There are severe frosts in winter. E£lCTP|Blil, -an, -oe, -Bie, short form 6hctp, 6HCTpa, 6bicTp|o, ~bi; adv. 6bictpo quick, swift BsiCTpaa peKa. A swift river. Bbict- po exaTB. To go quickly. BL1TB, 3rd pers. sing, of Present Tense ecTB is often omitted; fut. 6yjx\y, -eraB, -yr, past 6biji, 6&iJia, 6bijio, Sbioih; ne 6biji (-o, -h), He 6BiJia imp. 1. there is (are). B MocKBe ecTB yHMBepciiTeT. There is a univer- sity in Moscow. PaaBme 3AecB 6biji Jiec, a TenepB r6po,n;.' There used to be a forest here, and now there is a town. B MocKBe mhofo TeaTpoB. There are many theatres in Moscow. 2. to have, y MeHa ecTB 6paT. / have a brother. Y Mena 6bijt 6paT. / had a brother. 3. to be (ecTB is omitted). Ceiiaac 3HMa, It is winter now. Baepa 6biji cuer. There was snow yester- day. B^epa 6BUia naTHima, ce~ to^hh cy66oTa, a sasipa 6va©t BOCKpeceHBe. Yesterday was Fri- day, today is Saturday and to- morrow will be Sunday. 4. to be (ecTB is omitted) Moh 6pax — HHJKenep- My brother is an en- gineer. Moh OTen; 6biji BpaaoM. My father was a doctor. H 6y#y arpoflOMOM. / shall be an agrono- mist. B, B B (BO) prep. I. + prepos. 1. in. B nticBMeHHOM cToae. In the desk. TKiitb b MocKBe. To live in Moscow. HpoaHTaTB b ra- 3eTe. To read in a newspaper. 2. in. PoflHTbca B 1949 roj^y. To be born in 1949. B asrycTe. In August. B nponuioM Bene. In the last century. 3. in. ^ejiOBen b aepnoM KOCTiOMe. A man in a black suit. II. + & c£- 1. in, to, at. IIojiojkhtb b iHKa$. To put in the wardrobe. IIpnexaTB b MocKBy. To come to Moscow. 2. on, at. B cy66oTy b Tpn naca 6yn;eT co6paHHe. There will be a meeting at three o'clock on Saturday. 3. not translated. ITepeBBmoJiiiHTB njian b jsps. pa3a. To fulfil a plan twofold. BAFOH m. (railway) carriage JKeeTKHH Baron. A hard-seated rail- way carriage. M street Baron . A soft- seated railway carriage. BA/KHjBIXl, -aa, -oe, -Bie, short form EajKeH, BajKHa, Baa<H|o, ~bi; adv. 1. important. Banmoe cooSnxemie.

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