A Forgotten Sisterhood: Pioneering Black Women Educators and Activists in the Jim Crow South PDF
Preview A Forgotten Sisterhood: Pioneering Black Women Educators and Activists in the Jim Crow South
A Forgotten Sisterhood EducatorsandReformersoftheSouthernNetworkofBlackwomen,early1900s. Frontrowl-r:MargaretMurrayWashington(Mrs.BookerT.Washington),Mary McLeodBethune,LucyCraftLaney,MaryJacksonMcCrorey.Secondrow-l-r: JaniePorterBarrett,M.L.Crosthwaite,CharlotteHawkinsBrown,EugeniaBurns Hope.CourtesyofMoorland-SpingarnResearchCenter,HowardUniversity A Forgotten Sisterhood Pioneering Black Women Educators and Activists in the Jim Crow South Audrey Thomas McCluskey ROWMAN&LITTLEFIELD Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London PublishedbyRowman&Littlefield AwhollyownedsubsidiaryofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com 16CarlisleStreet,LondonW1D3BT,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2014byRowman&Littlefield Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAvailable ISBN978-1-4422-1138-4(cloth:alk.paper)--ISBN978-1-4422-1140-7(electronic) TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica TotheRisingGenerationofHopeandPromise: Annan,Thomasina,Langston,&August Contents Acknowledgments ix 1 TheWorldTheyInherited 1 2 “MovingLikeaWhirlwind”:LucyCraftLaney,Activist Educator 15 3 “TheBestSecondarySchoolinGeorgia”:Buildingthe HainesInstituteCulture 37 4 “RingingUpaSchool”:MaryMcLeodBethune’sImpacton DaytonaBeach 55 5 “ShowSomeDaylightBetweenYou”:CharlotteHawkins BrownandtheSchoolingExperienceofMemorialPalmer InstituteGraduates,1948–1958 73 6 “TellingSomeMightyTruths”:NannieHelenBurroughs, ActivistEducatorandSocialCritic 101 7 “TheMassesandtheClasses”:Women’sFriendshipsand SupportNetworksamongSchoolFounders 117 8 PassingintoHistory:Commemorations,Memorials,and theLegaciesofBlackWomenSchoolFounders 141 MilestonesandLegacies 159 Bibliography 165 SpecialCollections 171 Index 173 AbouttheAuthor 181 vii Acknowledgments This project has taken several years to come together. That is partly due to the nature of this work that attempts to unite, in a single volume, a smallgroupofwomenwhoeachdeservesafull-scaleexaminationofher individual life and work. It is also due to interruptions and fortuitous professionaldiversionsthatwerefulfillingandnecessaryaswellastime consuming. Along the way, several people have been instrumental in supportingmeandmyworkbyprovidingcrucialadviceandencourage- ment in many different and unique ways. The list of generous acts by goodpeopleislonginnamesandyearsandthisshout-outisjustasmall tokenofthanks. Christie Farnham Pope and Darlene Clark Hine are high on that list. Theywereearlymentorswhohaveprovidedhelpfulcommentaryonmy work.Ihavegainedsomuchfromtheirfriendshipandscholarlyinsights overtheyears.LindaM.Perkinsisanotherscholar whoseworkinforms mineandwhohasbeensupportiveoverthelonghaul.MaxineLeGall,Q. T.Jackson,KarenY.House,VickiRoberts,GladysDeVane,andMargaret McDayarelongtimefriendswhowerealwaystherewhenneeded.Ialso appreciate the helpful feedback from organizers and participants at the Association for the Study of African American Life and History confer- ences where I first presented the beginnings of this research. Both ASLAH and the National Council for Black Studies have remained true to their mission—over these many years—of being a platform for inter- changeamongscholarsoftheblackexperience—itshistoryandculture. I thank former graduate assistant Crystal Keels for her assistance along with other former graduate students and assistants—some of whomarenowprofessorsthemselves,includingTanishaFordandEbony Utley,orontheirwaytothatgoal,includingNanaAmoah,KatieDieter, and Yakari Shinagawa. I have been enriched by my work with highly motivated graduate and undergraduate students such as Jeremy Gil- more, Shana Brodnax, Linda Paul Karessy, Shana Riddick, Mzilikaze Kone, Lynette Anigbo, among many others. I appreciate the sounding boardofferedbyreader/writer/friendJanetCheatham Bellaswellasthe helpful editorial assistance of Leora Baude. I want to also acknowledge thelongtimesupportofIndianaUniversitycolleaguesJeanRobinsonand Eileen Julien as well as the Indiana University Presidential Fellowship committeeforbestowingtheawardthathelpedmecompletethisproject. My residency at the Institute for Advanced Study during the fellowship ix
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