A Different Kind of War: The UN Sanctions Regime in Iraq

336 Pages·2006·2.466 MB·English

by  H. C. von Sponeck

A Different Kind of War

A Different Kind of War
The UN Sanctions Regime in Iraq
Hans C. von Sponeck
Berghahn Books
New York • Oxford
Published in 2006 by
Berghahn Books
www.berghahnbooks.com
First published in Germany as Ein anderer Krieg:
Das Sanktionsregime der UNO im Irak
© 2005 Hamburger Edition
© 2006 Hans C. von Sponeck
Reprinted in 2007
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the
purposes of criticism and review, no part of this book may be reproduced in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to
be invented, without the written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sponeck, H. C. von
A different kind of war : the UN sanctions regime in Iraq / H.C. von Sponeck.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84545-222-3 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-78238-752-7 (ebook)
1. Economic sanctions--Iraq. 2. Sanctions (International law)--Case studies.
3. United Nations--Sanctions--Case studies. 4. Iraq--Politics and government--
1991-2003. 5. Iraq--Foreign relations--1991- I. Title.
JZ6373.S66 2006
341.5'8209567--dc22
2006013936
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
Printed on acid-free paper.
ISBN 978-1-84545-222-3 hardback
ISBN 978-1-78238-752-7 ebook
To the youth of Iraq
for a better future

Contents
List of Figures, Maps and Tables ix
Acknowledgements xi
Foreword by Celso N. Amorim xiii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 The Oil-for-Food Programme: An Adequate
Humanitarian Exemption? 3
Chapter 2 The UN Compensation Commission: Benefit for Some,
Deprivation for Others 173
Chapter 3 The No-Fly Zones, the Humanitarian Programme
and Changed Security in Iraq following Operation
Desert Fox 191
Chapter 4 The United Nations Special Commission and the UN
Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq:
Two Units of the Same Organisation? 223
Chapter 5 The Government of Iraq, Its People and Their Rights 235
Chapter 6 The UN Sanctions Structure: Confrontation,
Fragmentation, Conclusions 261
Postscript 277
Appendices 279
Bibliography 305
Subject Index 309
Index of Names 320
e
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Figures, Maps and Tables
List of Figures
1.1 Oil-for-Food Programme: Planned Budgets, Actual Revenues
and Goods Arrived, 1996–2003 12
1.2 Contracts Approved and Humanitarian Revenue Per Phase 15
1.3 Data on Oil-for-Food Programme for Phase V 67
1.4 Humanitarian Supplies for Iraq: Causes of Delayed
Distribution 75
1.5 Phase VBudget and Value of Goods Arrived Per Person 95
1.6 Oil Revenues and Oil Prices 112
1.7 Balance of Holds in Phases Vto XIII($US millions) 115
1.8 Oil Revenues and Oil Exports 133
1.9 Holds and Goods Arrived 134
1.10 Compensation Payments to UNCC and Humanitarian
Supplies Arrived 135
2.1 United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) 176
5.1 Structure of the Iraqi Intelligence Services 255
5.2 Structure of the Iraqi Ba’ath Party 256
List of Maps
3.1 The Northern and Southern No-Fly Zones 205
x | Figures, Maps and Tables
List of Tables
1.1 The Procurement of Humanitarian Supplies – an Example:
Water Equipment from Barcelona to Baghdad, an Outline
of 23 Major Steps 71
2.1 United Nation Compensation Commission Claims
Processing as at Mid-2004 189
3.1 Iraq’s No-Fly Zones: US/UK Air Strikes 210
6.1 Main UN Entities 264
6.2 The Impact of Sanctions and Humanitarian Exemption on
Civil Society in the Case of Iraq 271
A.1 Dates of Official Oil-for-Food Programme Phases 279
A.2 Dates for Secretary-General’s Reporting on the Oil-for-Food
Programme 280
A.3 Summary of Revenue Data, Phases X–XIII, Oil-for-Food
Programme 282
A.4 Data on ‘Holds’ on Contracts, Phases VI–XII, Oil-for-Food
Programme 284
A.5 Value of Goods Arrived under the Oil-for-Food Programme 285
A.6 Distribution Plan Budgets 286
A.7 Distribution Plan Data by Sector and Phase 287
A.8 Compensation Payments 288
A.9 Distribution Plan Budgets and Humanitarian Revenue 289
A.10 Contracts Approved and Humanitarian Revenue Per Phase 290
A.11 Comparative Data for Phase VPeriod 290
A.12 Phase VBudget and Value of Goods Arrived Per Person 291
A.13 Oil Revenues and Oil Prices 291
A.14 Balance of Holds in Phases V–XIII 292
A.15 Oil Exports and Oil Revenues 292
A.16 Holds and Goods Arrived 293
A.17 Compensation Payments to UNCC and Goods Arrived
(Cumulative) 293