A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe PDF
Preview A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe
Gabriele Doblhammer Jordi Gumà Editors A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe à Gabriele Doblhammer Jordi Gum (cid:129) Editors A Demographic Perspective on Gender, Family and Health in Europe Editors Gabriele Doblhammer Jordi Gumà Institute for SociologyandDemography Department ofPolitical andSocial Sciences University of Rostock University PompeuFabra Rostock Barcelona Germany Spain and German Centerfor Neurodegenerative Disease(DZNE) Bonn Germany and RostockCenter for theStudyof DemographicChange Rostock Germany ISBN978-3-319-72355-6 ISBN978-3-319-72356-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72356-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017962045 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s)2018.Thisbookisanopenaccesspublication Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adap- tation,distributionandreproductioninanymediumorformat,aslongasyougiveappropriatecreditto the originalauthor(s)and the source, providealink tothe CreativeCommonslicense andindicate if changesweremade. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative Commons license,unlessindicatedotherwiseinacreditlinetothematerial.Ifmaterialisnotincludedinthebook’s CreativeCommonslicenseandyourintendeduseisnotpermittedbystatutoryregulationorexceedsthe permitteduse,youwillneedtoobtainpermissiondirectlyfromthecopyrightholder. Theuse ofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc. inthis publi- cationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromthe relevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Jordi Gumà and Gabriele Doblhammer Summary and Research Implications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Gabriele Doblhammer and Jordi Gumà Part I Keynote Chapters Families and Health: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Karsten Hank and Anja Steinbach The New Roles of Men and Women and Implications for Families and Societies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Livia Sz. Oláh, Irena E. Kotowska and Rudolf Richter Sex Differences in Health and Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Anna Oksuzyan, Jordi Gumà and Gabriele Doblhammer Part II Country Specific Chapters Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Household Position and Health in Twelve European Countries: Are They Associated with the Value Climate?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Gabriele Doblhammer and Jordi Gumà Similarity of Perceived Health Between Household Members: The “Mutual Influences” Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Patrizia Giannantoni and Viviana Egidi Household Position, Parenthood, and Self-reported Adult Health. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence from the Austrian Generations and Gender Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Isabella Buber-Ennser and Doris Hanappi v vi Contents The Contextual and Household Contribution to Individual Health Status in Germany: What Is the Role of Gender and Migration Background? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Daniela Georges, Daniel Kreft and Gabriele Doblhammer Health-Risk Behaviour of Women and Men—Differences According to Partnership and Parenthood. Results of the German Health Update (GEDA) Survey 2009–2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Elena von der Lippe and Petra Rattay Fertility Histories and Health in Later Life in Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Cecilia Tomassini, Giorgio Di Gessa and Viviana Egidi The Effect of Current Family Situation on Slow Walking Speed at Old Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Gabriele Doblhammer, Steffen Peters, Debora Rizzuto and Anna-Karin Welmer Contributors Isabella Buber-Ennser Wittgenstein Centre (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU), Vienna Institute of Demography/Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria Giorgio Di Gessa Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK Gabriele Doblhammer German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE), Bonn,Germany;FacultyofEconomicsandSocialSciences,InstituteforSociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany VivianaEgidi DepartmentofStatistics,SapienzaUniversityofRome,Rome,Italy DanielaGeorges InstituteforSociologyandDemography,UniversityofRostock, Rostock, Germany; Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany Patrizia Giannantoni La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Jordi Gumà Department of Political and Social Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain Doris Hanappi University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA; Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Vienna, Austria Karsten Hank Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Irena E. Kotowska Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland Daniel Kreft Institute for Sociology and Demography, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany vii viii Contributors Anna Oksuzyan Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany Livia Sz. Oláh Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Steffen Peters Rostock Center for the Study of Demographic Change, Rostock, Germany Petra Rattay Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany Rudolf Richter Department of Sociology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Debora Rizzuto Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden Anja Steinbach Institute of Sociology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany CeciliaTomassini DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofMolise,Campobasso, Italy Elena von der Lippe Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany Anna-Karin Welmer Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden Framework Jordi Gumà and Gabriele Doblhammer Familyhasbeenshowntobeoneofthemostrelevantsocio-demographicfactorsin understanding health differences among individuals in Western countries. The differenceinsurvivalbetweenthemarriedandnotmarriedpopulationwasstatedby WilliamFarrasearlyasthe19thCentury(Farr1885).However,althoughthehealth advantagesofthosewholivewithapartnerwerealreadywellknown,theinterestin thisfactorhasincreasedamongscholarsinthepastthreedecades.Thisincreasehas runparalleltotwointerrelatedchangesintraditionalpatternswhicharecontributing to reshape current European societies: diversification of family forms and the subsequent acceptance of the new forms among individuals; and the increase of female empowerment due to a progressive reduction of the gender gap. The diversification of family forms has led to a more complex scenario that extends beyond merely comparing married and not-married individuals. At the sametime,thetraditionalgenderrolesthatmenandwomenusedtoplaywithinthe context of the families in the past have also been modified. This family diversifi- cationandtheprocessofgenderbalancinghasnotoccurredwiththesameintensity and timing in all European countries. It has been stated that both processes have spreadfromtheNorthandWesttotheSouthandEastoftheContinent(Surkynand Lesthaeghe2004).Withthesechanges,familyasasocialdeterminantofhealthhas become an ever more important factor of health, one which is rooted at the meso-levelandextendsbeyondindividualcharacteristicsatthemicro-level.Indeed, when one thinks about family, one figures a context where individuals provide J.Gumà(&) DepartmentofPoliticalandSocialSciences,UniversityPompeuFabra, Barcelona,Spain e-mail:[email protected] G.Doblhammer InstituteforSociologyandDemography,UniversityofRostock,Rostock Germany e-mail:[email protected] ©TheAuthor(s)2018 1 G.DoblhammerandJ.Gumà(eds.),ADemographicPerspectiveonGender, FamilyandHealthinEurope,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72356-3_1 2 J.GumàandG.Doblhammer resources of different natures (economic, knowledge, social ties, etc.) and share these with the other members, thus compensating for or reinforcing existing indi- vidual advantages or disadvantages. To understand the complex relationship of this triangle of family, gender, and health, one must understand patterns and trends in each of the three components separately, as well as their interdependencies. This book tries to expand upon the widely observable specialization in demographic research, which usually involves researchers studying either family or fertility processes or focusing on health and mortality.Whilebothtopicsarecommonlyexploredinthecontextofgenderorsex,it israrethatadeeperunderstandingofhealthprocessesexistsamongresearcherswho deal with family processes. At the same time, researchers interested in health and mortalitytendtolackinsightintothestructuresofgenderedprocessesinthefamily and the household. To overcome this lack of knowledge, this book compiles three keynotechaptersthatprovideanoverviewabout(1)therelationshipbetweenfamily andfertilitycharacteristicsandhealth,(2)thechangingrolesofmenandwomenin thecontextoffamiliesandsocieties,and(3)sexandgenderdifferencesinhealth. In addition to these keynote chapters, six country-specific case studies and one comparative study are presented in order to understand how different patterns in social change modify the link between family and health in women and men. The country-specific case studies range from the North of Europe (Sweden), to the Center (Germany and Austria) and the South (Italy). The comparative study explores twelve European countries from the North, Center, East and South of the Continent which are representative of different welfare states, gender models, household and family forms, and health profiles. Because this book’s compilation of studies can provide only a small snapshot, we have tried to select country- specificcasestudieswhichfocusonpopulationswhichhavereceivedlessattention in the past, while presenting findings for other countries in the keynote chapter on the relationship between family, fertility, and health. We use the two keynote chapters on the new roles of men and women in family and society, and on sex differencesinhealthasthebasisforajointframework,butwehaveabstainedfrom harmonizing concepts in order to permit the authors to fully explore the data availableintheircountries.Hence,inthefollowingwewillbrieflypresentthethree keynote chapters and give a short overview about the different approaches to family, health, and gender that were used in these studies. The Triangle Between Health, Gender, and Family The three initial keynote chapters presentthe reader with a detailed background of thethreesidesofthetriangleoffamily,healthandgender.ThefirstchapterbyHank andSteinbachoffersacomprehensivesummaryofthemainfindingsontheroleof familyrelationsinshapingindividuals’health(andviceversa)or,inotherwords,the studyoffamilyasasocialdeterminantofhealthaswellasasourceofselectioninto
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