A Cyclopdia of Canadian Biography

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Title: A Cyclopædia of Canadian Biography

Author: Various

Editor: Hector Charlesworth

Release Date: November 29, 2016 [EBook #53635]

Language: English

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REPRESENTATIVE CANADIANS

RT. HON. SIR R. L. BORDEN. P.C., K.C.M.G., K.C., LL.D.,

Ottawa

NATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SERIES III

A CYCLOPÆDIA

of

CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY

I

Brief Biographies of Persons Distinguished in the Professional, Military

and Political Life, and the Commerce and Industry of

Canada, in the Twentieth Century.

Edited by

HECTOR CHARLESWORTH

TORONTO

THE HUNTER-ROSE COMPANY, LIMITED

1919

PREFACE

t is now thirty-three years since the first volume of biographies bearing the title “Representative Canadians” was issued
by the present firm of publishers. In 1886 the scope of the work was unique, so far as this country was concerned, for

previous volumes of the kind had confined themselves to the careers of Canadians who have won fame in either a political
or military capacity. The aim of the editors of the first volume of “Representative Canadians” was to give recognition of the
emergence of Canada from a colonial to something like a national status by recording something of the achievements of
those who had contributed to the intellectual, industrial and commercial growth of the country, as well as of its political
leaders. The purpose remained the same in the second volume published in 1888, and is once more the impulse of the
present book.

The vast majority of those whose careers were recorded in 1886 have passed away; and the same is true of those

who figured in the second volume of the series. Consequently, the earlier issues of “Representative Canadians” grow every
day more precious, for, in many cases, they contain the sole records of men who initiated great enterprises or furthered
important movements which have left a lasting mark on the history of Canada. We cannot but think that the reader who,
thirty or forty years hence, may chance to scan the pages of the present volume will gather a very vivid picture of Canada
as it was in one of the crucial periods of the world’s affairs—a picture in which the characters of those Canadians who
lived and “carried on” through the years of the greatest war in all history may be discerned in the records of their lives.
There is hardly a page in this book into which the war does not enter directly or indirectly in some form or other, by way of
allusions to services rendered, bereavements endured, or honours gained on the field of battle. In that sense the 1919
volume must remain unique, and a mine of useful information for students in future generations.

Generally speaking, in comparing the biographies of the Canadians of to-day with those of 1886 and 1888, the reader

gains a sense of this country’s continuous expansion. The present century has witnessed a marvellous development in the
Canadian West, so that in these pages we find numerous records showing not merely the commercial, but the intellectual,
progress of the Provinces West of the Great Lakes—stories of brilliant careers built up by men who were mere children in
the East when the first volume was published. The reader will also note in the biographies of business men which abound in
these pages, the ever-increasing scale on which Canadian commerce and enterprise everywhere is conducted, so that what
seemed large in 1886 is relatively small to-day. Though some of the men whose names figure in the index are of less
importance than others, all play their part in our complex and vigorous social life, and the story of their progress and
fortunes cannot be really tedious to any sympathetic student of humanity.
Toronto, 1919.

INDEX

Adamson, Alan Joseph,
124

Adamson, John Evans,
121

Aikenhead, Thomas E.,
47

Aikins, Lieut.-Col. Sir James Albert Manning,
81

Allan, John,
98

Ames, Sir Herbert B.,
4

Ami, Henry M.,
142

Amyot, Lieut.-Col. John A.,
299

Anderson, Alexander James,
126

Anderson, Frederic William,
75

Anderson, Prof. George R.,
144

Anderson, James T. M.,
65

Antliff, Rev. James Cooper,
52

Arkell, Thomas Reginald,
180

Armstrong, Samuel,
174

Arnold, William McCullough,
114

Arrell, Harrison,
52

Arsenault, Hon. Aubin E.,
215

Ashby, Joseph Seraphin Aime,
127

Ashton, Major-General Ernest,
270

Askwith, John E.,
106

Asselin, Major Olivar,
144

Bâby, Wolstan Alexander Dixie,
229

Bachand, Leonide Charles,
69

Bailey, Charles Frederick,
218

Baillie, Sir Frank,
110

Bain, John,
66

Ball, Emerson Ewart,
61

Ball, Robert James,
64

Ballantyne, James,
145

Barnard, Sir Frank Stillman,
223

Barnard, Hon. George Henry,
126

Barrow, Hon. Edward Dodsley,
205

Barry, Walter H.,
124

Baskerville, William Joseph,
148

Bates, Joseph Lever,
165

Bates, Thomas Nathaniel,
272

Beach, Mahlon F.,
49

Beaumont, Ernest Joseph,
56

Bégin, Louis Nazaire,
17

Beith, Hon. Robert,
40

Bellemare, Adelard,
125

Bell, Clarence A. H.,
274

Bell, Hon. George Alexander,
230

Bell, John Howatt,
74

Bell, John Percival,
257

Belcourt, Hon. Napoleon Antoine,
61

Bender, Prosper,
31

Bennett, Richard Bedford,
255

Berthiaume, Arthur,
147

Best, John,
43

Bethune, Rev. Charles James Stewart,
76

Birkett, Thomas,
125

Black, Henry,
133

Blair, Lieutenant James K.,
273

Blondin, Hon. Pierre Edouard,
212

Bole, David W.,
221

Borden, Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird,
1

Boudreau, L. N. H. Rodolphe,
180

Bowell, Sir Mackenzie,
44

Bowes, James Leslie Llewellyn,
69

Bowie, Lieut.-Colonel Henry William,
251

Bowman, Charles Martin,
275

Boyd, Leslie Hale,
98

Boyer, Major Gustave,
90

Boyer, Louis,
40

Braden, Norman Short,
250

Braithwaite, Edward Ernest,
73

Breadner, Robert Walker,
132

Breithaupt, John C.,
228

Breithaupt, Louis J.,
43

Brennan, John Charles,
131

Briggs, William,
68

Bristow, Michael George,
73

Brock, Lieut.-Colonel Henry,
70

Brock, William Rees,
71

Brodeur, Hon. Louis Philippe,
220

Bronson, Hon. Erskine Henry,
65

Bronson, Henry Franklin,
34

Brossoit, Numa Edouard,
274

Buchanan, William A.,
171

Buckles, Daniel,
119

Bulman, William John,
131

Burgoyne, William Bartlett,
186

Burpee, Lawrence Johnston,
39

Bulyea George Hedley Vicars,
143

Butler, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Page,
282

Butterworth, John George Bissett,
256

Byrne, Daniel J.,
129

Callahan, John,
190

Camaraire, Alfred Frederick,
115

Cameron, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Douglas,
16

Campbell, Colin,
103

Campbell, Donald Grant,
151

Campbell, William Brough,
234

Cane, James Gilbert,
111

Carew, John,
22

Carson, Hugh,
145

Cartwright, Lieut.-Colonel Robert,
168

Casgrain, Philippe Baby,
27

Cash, Edward L.,
157

Cassils, Charles,
151

Cave, James G.,
138

Chabot, Lieut.-Colonel John Leo,
63

Chadwick, Edward Marion,
37

Chamberlain, Theodore F.,
45

Chambers, Colonel Ernest John,
283

Champagne, Napoleon,
209

Chapleau, Maj. Samuel Edmour St. Onge,
47

Chaplin, James D.,
184

Charlesworth, Hector,
254

Charlton, William Granville,
64

Chauvin, Hon. T. Hector,
150

Chisholm, William Craig,
108

Choquette, Ernest,
138

Choquette, Philippe Auguste,
137

Chrysler, Francis Henry,
80

Clark, Lieut.-Colonel Hugh,
100

Clark, John Murray,
78

Clute, Arthur Roger,
34

Coats, Robert Hamilton,
104

Coburn, John W.,
123

Cockshutt, William Foster,
2

Cody, Hon. Henry John,
109

Cole, George M.,
63

Cole, Col. Wilmot Howard,
28

Colquhoun, Arthur Hugh Urquhart,
261

Commeford, James W.,
139

Conant, Gordon Daniel,
131

Connolly, Bernard Gervase,
190

Coombs, Albert Ernest,
64

Coristine, Major Stanley B.,
295

Corrigan, Ambrose Eugene,
206

Côté, Narcisse Omer,
221

Cotton, Major-General W. H.,
249

Cousineau, Joseph Philemon,
192

Cousins, George Vipond,
159

Cowan, William Frederick,
84

Cox, Herbert Coplin,
26

Coyne, James Henry,
14

Crannell, Levi,
302

Creelman, Lieut.-Colonel John Jennings,
185

Cronyn, Hume,
228

Cross, Alexander S. G.,
151

Cross, Charles Wilson,
32

Crossland, E. F.,
136

Crothers, Hon. Thomas Wilson,
90

Crowther, William H.,
190

Cudmore, Sedley Anthony,
302

Currie, General Sir Arthur William,
165

Cutten, George Barton,
193

Dalley, Frederick Fenner,
218

Dalton, Hon. Charles,
204

Daniels, Hon. Orlando T.,
206

Dargavel, John Robertson,
133

Davey, James,
68

David, Hon. Laurent Olivier,
182

Davidson, James Wheeler,
191

Davidson, William McCartney,
225

Davis, Albert Mayno,
229

Davis, Aubrey,
176

Dawson, Arthur Osborne,
32

De Celles, Alfred Duclos,
66

Delage, Cyrille F.,
195

Demers, Joseph,
160

Denis, J. Wilfred,
69

Denton, Frank,
62

Deroche, William Paschal,
172

de Tremaudan, A. H.,
76

Detwiler, Noah Bechtel,
277

Dewart, Herbert Hartley,
275

Dickson, Rev. James A. R.,
136

Dinnick, Lieut.-Col. Wilfrid Servington,
193

Diver, Frederick,
125

Dobell, Sir Charles Macpherson,
24

Doherty, Hon. Charles Joseph,
156

Dollard, Rev. James B.,
184

Donogh, John Ormsby,
161

Donovan, Albert Edward,
300

Doughty, Arthur George,
297

Douglas, James,
32

Douglas, William James,
195

Dowling, John S.,
176

Drayton, Sir Henry Lumley,
23

Drayton, Philip Henry,
276

Drysdale, William,
186

Duclos, Arnold Willard,
285

Duff, Hon. Lyman Poore,
271

Dunlop, Edward Arunah,
237

Dunning, Hon. Charles Avery,
216

Dwyer, William Henry,
72

Dymond, Allan Malcolm,
41

Earle, Rufus Redmond,
119

Easson, Robert Henry,
281

Eddis, Wilton C.,
69

Edwards, John Wesley,
45

Edwards, Hon. William Cameron,
123

Elliot, Major-General Harry Macintire,
284

Elliott, John Campbell,
60

Ellis, James Albert,
102

Ellis, John F.,
178

Elson, John Melbourne,
288

Englehart, Joel Lewis,
173

Ethier, Joseph Arthur Calixte,
133

Evanturel, Gustave,
67

Ewart, David,
174

Ewing, William,
194

Farris, Hon. John Wallace de Beque,
214

Farrow, Robinson Russell,
238

Faulkner, Hon. George Everett,
206

Ferguson, Hon. George Howard,
196

Ferguson, Hon. William Nassau,
39

Fielding, Hon. William Stevens,
279

Fifield, Albert Frank,
198

Finlayson, George Daniel,
239

Finnie, David Maclachan,
179

Fisher, His Honor Walter George,
185

Flavelle, William M.,
134

Flint, Thomas Barnard,
79

Flynn, Edmund James,
263

Foran, Joseph Kearney,
280

Forin, John Andrew,
122

Forman, James C.,
247

Forster, J. W. L.,
172

Foster, Thomas Wilfred,
248

Foster, Hon. Walter Edward,
254

Fraleck, Edison Baldwin,
67

Fraser, George B.,
71

Freiman, Archibald J.,
132

Galbraith, Walter Stuart,
147

Gale, George Charles,
134

Gale, Robert Henry,
288

Gariepy, Wilfrid,
127

Garland, John L.,
105

Garneau, Sir George,
25

Gartshore, Lieut.-Colonel William Moir,
180

Gibbon, Arthur Playford,
232

Gibbons, John Joseph,
69

Gibson, Brig.-General Sir John Morison,
242

Gibson, Theron,
27

Gill, Robert,
289

Gillespie, Professor Peter,
74

Girard, A. D.,
167

Girard, Joseph,
31

Godfrey, Oswald Julius,
149

Goodeve, Hon. Arthur Samuel,
34

Goring, C. C.,
193

Gouin, Hon. Sir Jean Lomer,
22

Graham, Hon. George Perry,
267

Grange, Edward Alexander Andrew,
74

Grange, Edward Wilkinson,
39

Grant, Gordon,
197

Grierson, Hon. George Allison,
133

Groves, Abraham,
38

Guilbault, Joseph Pierre Octave,
34

Gwatkin, Major-General W. G.,
260

Gwynne, Brig.-General Reginald John,
286

Hackett, Edward,
37

Hagedorn, Charles Kappler,
116

Hamilton, Frank Kent,
223

Hamilton, Ralph Bergen,
189

Hanna, Hon. William John,
287

Hannon, James Willson,
159

Hara, Frederick North,
198

Hare, Rev. John James,
269

Harkin, James, B.,
174

Harper, John Murdoch,
129

Harris, Reginald V.,
59

Harris, William Gean,
175

Harrison, Nathaniel Isles,
147

Hastings, David,
75

Hazen, Hon. Sir John Douglas,
93

Heakes, Francis Riley,
152

Hearst, Hon. Sir William Howard,
7

Heaton, Ernest,
87

Hebert, Zepherin,
88

Helmer, Brig.-General Richard Alexis,
265

Henderson, Alexander,
235

Henderson, William Andrew,
118

Henry, David Edouard,
231

Henry, Hon. George Stewart,
282

Higinbotham, John D.,
143

Hill, Hamnett Pinhey,
140

Hinds, Leonard D’Arcy Bernard,
33

Hocken, Norman Cecil,
195

Hodgetts, Colonel Charles Alfred,
223

Hogg, Andrew Brydon,
121

Hogg, William Drummond,
285

Honeywell, Major Frederick Henry,
164

Hook, Thomas,
300

Hopkins, Arthur George,
150

Hopkins, Innes,
188

Hore, George Charles,
134

Hough, John Atwell,
198

Hudson, Hon. Albert Blellock,
145

Hughes, Brig.-General William St. Pierre,
258

Hunnisett, James Edward,
201

Hunter, Lieut.-Colonel A. T.,
37

Hunter, Major W. E. Lincoln,
281

Hurdman, George Charles,
271

Hutchison, Colonel William,
241

Ingersoll, James Hamilton,
178

Ingram, George C.,
123

Innes, Hugh Patterson,
199

Irwin, William Nassau,
234

Izzard, Dennis Jabez,
95

Jacobs, Samuel W.,
89

James, Edgar Augustus,
178

Jarvis, Ernest Frederick,
191

Jenkins, Lieut.-Col. Stephen Rice Jenkins,
213

Jetté, the Hon. Sir Louis,
10

Johnson, Hon. Thomas Herman,
238

Johnston, Ebenezer Forsyth Blackie,
97

Jones, George Burpee,
95

Jones, Henry Victor Franklin,
87

Jones, James William,
161

Kastner, Gideon,
163

Keefe, R. Daniel,
86

Kelso, John Joseph,
194

Kemp, Hon. Sir Albert Edward,
16

Kennedy, William Costello,
11

Kent, Joseph,
110

King, Hon. James H.,
195

King, Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie,
286

Kyte, George William,
77

Labelle, Alfred Eugene,
158

Laidlaw, Lorne Nelson,
148

Landry, Hon. David V.,
142

Langelier, Hon. Sir François-Xavier,
18

Langley, James P.,
44

Langton, Brig.-General Joseph Graham,
266

Laurier, the late Rt. Hon. Sir Wilfrid,
3

Law, Bonnar B.,
200

Lawlor, H. W.,
36

Leblanc, Sir Pierre-Evariste,
159

Lemieux, Auguste,
35

Lemieux, Hon. Sir François-Xavier,
12

Lennie, Robert Scott,
141

Lennox, Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Herbert,
207

Leonard, Lieut.-Colonel Reuben Wells,
268

Lesperance, Albert Paneran,
246

L’Esperance, Hon. David Ovide,
85

Levy, Gabriel Herman,
221

Lighthall, William Douw,
101

Longley, Hon. J. W.,
51

Lumsden, John,
315

Lynch, Hon. William Warren,
19

MacAulay, Brock,
157

Macaulay, John,
101

Macaulay, Thomas Basset,
99

Macdonald, Sir Donald Alexander,
225

MacDonald, Donald D.,
175

Macdonald, John,
50

MacDonald, Neil S.,
48

Macdonald, Selkirk M.,
96

Machado, Jose Antonio,
211

Machin, Lt.-Col. Harold Arthur Clement,
203

Mackay, Hon. Col. Alexander Howard,
191

Mackenzie, Daniel D.,
294

Mackenzie, Hugh Blair,
158

MacKenzie, John Angus,
177

Mackenzie, Norman,
93

Mackie, George D.,
150

Mackintosh, Charles Herbert,
56

MacLean, Archie,
86

MacLean, Hon. John Duncan,
117

Mann, Alexander Robert,
168

Marchand, Pierre,
249

Marcile, Joseph Edmond,
155

Margeson, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Willis,
217

Marnoch, George Robert,
104

Marsh, Lieut.-Colonel Lorne Wilmot,
88

Marshall, Lieut.-Col. Kenric Reid,
302

Marshall, Lieut.-Colonel Noel G. L.,
169

Martin, Hon. William Melville,
231

Massey, C. D.,
53

Massey, Charles Vincent,
202

Mather, James,
205

Matthews, George Sands,
155

McBrien, Frederick George,
155

McCarthy, Jesse Overn,
201

McClennaghan, Stewart,
169

McConnell, Richard George,
165

McCorkill, Hon. Justice John Charles,
20

McCuaig, Clarence James,
111

McCuish, Robert George,
120

McCullough, Charles Robert,
48

McCurdy, Fleming Blanchard,
266

McEvoy, John Millar,
283

McFall, Robert James,
298

McGiverin, Harold Buchanan,
177

McInenly, William,
60

McInnes, William,
203

McKay, Hon. James,
159

McKeon, Very Rev. Dean P. J.,
178

McLean, Angus Alexander,
240

McLean, Hon. Daniel,
160

McLean, Major-Gen. Hugh Havelock,
62

McMahon, Edward,
89

McMahon, James Alexander,
259

McNeeley, John Strachan Lewis,
153

McNeil, Most Rev. Neil,
175

McNeillie, James Richardson,
36

McQuarrie, William Garland,
188

Meek, Edward,
58

Meighen, Hon. Arthur,
8

Merner, Jonathan Joseph,
154

Middlebró, William S.,
87

Mikel, William Charles,
54

Mills, Charles Henry,
93

Miller, Frederick Robert,
213

Miller, Lieut.-Colonel John Bellamy,
262

Mitchell, Hon. Robert Menzies,
11

Mitchell, Hon. Walter George,
245

Minehan, Rev. Lancelot,
85

Mondou, Alberic Archie,
153

Montgomery, Hugh John,
96

Morehouse, Oscar Emery,
135

Morgan, Colin Daniel,
52

Morin, Pierre Alphonse,
270

Morin, Victor,
75

Murphy, Hon. Charles,
28

Murray, Hon. Robert,
252

Musson, Charles Joseph,
53

Nanton, Sir Augustus Meredith,
183

Nash, Charles William,
280

Nasmith, Colonel George Gallie,
263

Neill, Charles Ernest,
278

Nesbitt, Arthur Russel,
249

Nicholls, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Frederic,
264

Nicholson, Arthur Edwin,
277

Nickle, William Folger,
107

Norcross, Joseph W.,
201

Northrup, William Barton,
250

Notman, John Charles,
177

Noyes, John Powell,
257

Odlum, Edward,
141

O’Hara, Francis Charles Trench,
118

Oliver, Hon. John,
196

O’Reilly, His Honor James Redmond,
86

Owens, Edward W. J.,
299

Paisley, James K.,
83

Panet, Lieut.-Colonel Charles Louis,
279

Paquet, Eugene,
157

Pardee, Frederick Forsyth,
33

Pardoe, Avern,
176

Parent, Hon. Simon Napoleon,
226

Parmelee, William George,
20

Parsons, S. R.,
246

Paton, Hugh,
177

Patrick, John Alexander Macdonald,
120

Patterson, John Pratt,
61

Payne, Francis Freeman,
150

Pedley, Frank,
213

Pennington, David Henry,
117

Perley, Sir George Halsey,
205

Perry, Nathaniel Irwin,
139

Petrie, Harry David,
275

Peuchen, Lieut.-Colonel Arthur Godfrey,
121

Pope, Major William Walter,
82

Poulin, Stanislas,
101

Power, William,
161

Pratt, Edward Courtney,
82

Price, Samuel,
95

Price, Sir William,
15

Pringle, Robert Abercrombie,
105

Pritchard, Henry Thomas,
215

Proudfoot, William,
210

Proulx, Edmond,
161

Pugh, Thomas James,
181

Pullan, E.,
277

Pyne, Lieut.-Colonel Hon. Robert Allan,
90

Rawlings, Henry Edward,
197

Regan, Frank,
189

Reid, Frank,
85

Reid, William Brown,
237

Rhodes, Hon. Edgar Nelson,
13

Richardson, John,
297

Riddell, Hon. William Renwick,
82

Roadhouse, William Albert,
109

Robb, Thomas,
54

Robertson, Edward Blake,
184

Robertson, Hon. Gideon Decker,
240

Robertson, John Ross,
5

Robertson, Norman,
94

Robertson, William John,
91

Robertson, William Robert,
199

Robinette, Thomas Cowper,
252

Roche, Hon. William James,
102

Roche, Francis James,
292

Rogers, Albert S.,
183

Rogers, John Morrison,
261

Rose, George Maclean,
272

Rose, Hon. Mr. Justice Hugh Edward,
93

Rose, William Oliver,
188

Ross, James Gibb,
21

Ross, John Theodore,
261

Rowell, Hon. Newton Wesley,
202

Russell, Adam Lothian,
235

Rust, C. H.,
124

Rutherford, Colonel Hon. Alexander Cameron,
278

Rutherford, John Gunion,
226

Saint Cyr, Joseph Fortunat,
98

Sainte-Pierre, F.,
97

St. Jean, Ulric,
157

Samuel, Sigmund,
92

Sauvé, Arthur,
203

Sayles, Edwin Roy,
164

Scott, F. Stewart,
183

Scott, James Guthrie,
30

Scott, William Duncan,
106

Seguin, Paul Arthur,
92

Senecal, Francis Albert,
204

Sharpe, Samuel Simpson,
100

Shepherd, Simpson James,
123

Shier, Walter C.,
91

Shillington, Lieut.-Col. Adam Tozeland,
236

Shortly, Orville Benjamin,
248

Shutt, Frank Thomas,
96

Sifton, Hon. Arthur Lewis,
209

Sinclair, Robert Victor,
234

Sinclair, Victor Albert,
94

Sine, Frederick,
158

Sloan, Hon. William,
207

Smart, Russell Sutherland,
259

Smith, Hon. Ernest Albert,
214

Smith, John Charles,
92

Smith, William,
53

Stapells, Richard A.,
219

Starr, J. R. L.,
156

Stewart, Charles,
99

Stewart, Dougald,
160

Street, Lieut.-Colonel Douglas Richmond,
140

Struthers, James Douglas,
163

Studholme, Allan,
115

Sutherland, Donald,
60

Sutherland, Fred C.,
296

Sutherland, Thomas Fraser,
181

Taschereau, Hon. Louis Alexander,
21

Taylor, Albert William,
204

Taylor, Hon. George Edward,
151

Taylor, Lt.-Col. Hon. George,
296

Tessier, Auguste Maurice,
111

Tetreault, Joseph Sylvini,
108

Thoburn, William,
135

Thompson, Alfred,
162

Thomson, Levi,
70

Thornton, Hon. Robert Stirton,
217

Todd, John Lancelot,
121

Tory, John A.,
108

Tourigny, Alfred F. X.,
115

Trahan, Arthur,
103

Tremeear, William J.,
68

Turgeon, Hon. Adelard,
12

Turgeon, Hon. William Ferdinand Alphonse,
215

Turnbull, Walter Renwick,
169

Tytler, William,
138

Vance, His Honor, George M.,
160

Vaughan, Marshall,
293

Veale, Philip Henry,
239

Veniot, Hon. Peter John,
208

Wade, Mark Sweeten,
144

Wainwright, Arnold,
164

Walker, William Simpson,
187

Wallace, Thomas George,
152

Wallis, Horace,
116

Ward, Lieut.-Colonel Henry Alfred,
105

Watson, Brigadier-General Sir David,
162

Watson, Senator Robert,
295

Watt, John Ralston,
116

Webber, John A.,
233

Weichel, William George,
154

Weir, William M.,
158

Weld, Edmund,
220

Weld, John,
253

Wetherell, James Elgin,
222

Whalen, George Frederick,
192

White, Arthur V.,
55

White, Gerald Verner,
136

White, James,
236

White, John T.,
181

White, Rt. Hon. Sir William Thomas,
13

Whitney, Edward Canfield,
293

Widdifield, John W.,
115

Wilkes, Alfred John,
112

Williams, Herbert Hale,
171

Williams, Right Rev. Lennox Waldron,
216

Williams-Taylor, Sir Frederick,
200

Willis, James E.,
264

Wilson, Henry George Wilberforce,
148

Wilson, James Lockie,
114

Wilson, Peter Edward,
168

Winkler, Hon. Valentine,
208

Wood, Rev. William Robertson,
253

Woods, Lieut.-Colonel James W.,
146

Workman, Mark,
113

Wright, Alexander Whyte,
290

Wright, George,
149

Wright, George Craig,
277

Wright, Harry George,
199

Wright, William J.,
104

Wrong, Professor George McKinnon,
113

Wylie, Newton,
294

LIST OF PHOTOGRAVURES

Askwith, Jno. E, Ottawa.

Baillie, Sir Frank W., Toronto.
Baskerville, W. J., Ottawa.
Beach, the late M. F.
Beaumont, E. J., Kitchener.
Birkett, Thomas, Ottawa.
Blondin, Hon. P. E., Ottawa.
Borden, Right. Hon. Sir R. L., Ottawa.
Bowman, Charles M., Southampton.
Breadner, R. W., Ottawa.
Breithaupt, J. C., Kitchener.
Breithaupt, L. J., Kitchener.
Brennan, J. C., Ottawa.
Bristow, M. G., Ottawa.
Bulman, W., Winnipeg.
Butterworth, J. G. B., Ottawa.

Cowan, the late W. F., Ottawa.
Currie, Major-General Sir Arthur William, Victoria, B.C.

Dwyer, W. H., Ottawa.

Edwards, Senator W. C., Ottawa.
Englehart, Jacob L., Petrolia, Ontario.

Finnie, D. M., Ottawa.

Gale, R. H., Vancouver, B.C.
Gariepy, Hon. Wilfrid, Edmonton.
Garland, John L., Ottawa.
Gibson, Brig.-General Sir John M., Hamilton.
Gouin, Sir Lomer, Quebec.
Graham, Hon. Geo. P., Brockville.
Grant, Gordon, Ottawa.

Harris, W. G., Toronto.
Hebert, Zepherin, Montreal.
Henry, D. E., Ottawa.
Hodgetts, Colonel C. A., Ottawa.

Hunter, Major W. E. Lincoln, Toronto.
Hutchison, Colonel Wm., Ottawa.

Kennedy, W. C., Windsor.
King, Hon. W. L. Mackenzie, Ottawa.

Laurier, the late Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid

Macaulay, T. B., Montreal.
Machin, Colonel H. A. C., Kenora.
Mackenzie, John Angus, Ottawa.
McClennaghan, Stewart, Ottawa.
McInenly, William, Ottawa.
McMahon, E., Ottawa.
Mitchell, Hon. W. G., Quebec.

Parsons, S. R., Toronto.
Paton, Hugh, Montreal.
Peuchen, Lieut.-Colonel Arthur, Toronto.

Reid, W. B., Toronto.
Robertson, E. Blake, Ottawa.

Shillington, Colonel A. T., Ottawa.
Shortly, Orville B., Toronto.
Sifton, Hon. Arthur L., Ottawa.
Stapells, R. A., Toronto.
Sutherland, F. C., Toronto.

Turgeon, Hon. Adelard, Quebec.

Vaughan, Marshall, Welland, Ontario.

White, Right. Hon. Sir W. T., Ottawa.
Whitney, E. C., Ottawa.
Woods, Lieut.-Colonel James W., Ottawa.
Wright, George, Toronto.

A CYCLOPÆDIA

of

CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY

Borden, Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Laird, P.C., K.C.M.G., K.C., LL.D., Premier of Canada (Ottawa, Ont.),

eldest son of Andrew Borden and Eunice Laird, was born at Grand Pré, Nova Scotia, on June 26, 1854. He was
educated at Acadia Villa Academy, Horton, and for a time a Professor in Glenwood Institute, N.J. His great-great-
grandfather went to King’s County, Nova Scotia, with early settlers from New England, in 1760, and upon returning to
Massachusetts gave his land in Nova Scotia to his son, the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Upon returning
to Nova Scotia, Sir Robert studied law and was called to the Bar in 1878. He first practised at Kentville, N.S., and later
moved to Halifax, succeeding the late Sir John Thompson, then Prime Minister of Canada, in the firm of Thompson,
Graham and Tupper. Before removing to Ottawa he was head of the law firm of Borden, Ritchie & Chisholm, of Halifax,
and for ten years was President of the Nova Scotia Barristers’ Society. He was made a Q.C. in 1900; an Honorary LL.D.
of Queen’s University in 1903; an Honorary LL.D., St. Francis Xavier University in 1905; an Honorary LL.D. of McGill
University in 1913. In 1896 he was elected to the House of Commons from Halifax in the General Elections, and re-
elected in 1900, but was an unsuccessful candidate at the General Elections in 1904. Upon the retirement of Edward
Kidd, M.P., for Carleton, Ont., he was elected by acclamation in his stead at the by-election held on February 4, 1905,
and was re-elected by a large majority at the general elections in 1908, when he was also elected in Halifax, N.S. He later
resigned his Carleton seat, preferring to represent Halifax. At the General Elections of 1911, he was again returned for
Halifax, and continued to represent that constituency up to the present time (1918). On February 6, 1901, he was chosen
leader of the Conservative Party in the House of Commons, and upon the resignation of Sir Wilfrid Laurier and his Cabinet
on October 6, 1911, following the defeat of the Liberal Government on the question of Reciprocity with the United States,
he was sent for by His Excellency Earl Grey and was entrusted with the task of forming a Cabinet. With a very large
majority at his disposal, he found the task an easy one, and was successful in gathering around him men who have since
carried on the government of the country in one of the most critical periods of its existence. At the time the first Borden
government assumed office the world war was unthought of except as a vague speculation, which few students of world
finance and world politics believed would ever become a fact, and the new Premier did not foresee that before him lay the
most difficult task that had ever confronted a Canadian Government. In the summer of 1914 the conflict which ultimately
developed into a war between the Central Empires and most of the other civilized powers, came like a bolt from the blue.
On August 4, 1914, there was great curiosity in the chancelleries of Europe as to whether the overseas dominions of the
British Empire would stand behind Great Britain. Germany, on the day she started the war, believed that they would not,
and it was prophesied in Berlin that Canada would seek separation from the Empire. Sir Robert Borden at once gave the
answer by placing the entire resources of the Dominion at the disposal of the Motherland; and on receiving an intimation
from the late Lord Kitchener, that men were the first necessity, immediately called Parliament together to vote the
necessary money. His government commenced the training and equipment of a first volunteer expeditionary force of
35,000, with provision for its further extension at need. This expeditionary force was partly trained at Valcartier camp,
Quebec, and partly at Salisbury Plains, England, and first went into action at the second battle of Ypres in the spring of
1915. In the words of Viscount French, at that time Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in France, it “saved the
situation” and barred the way to the Channel Ports from the Germans. In 1915 Sir Robert, who had been honored with the
title of G.C.M.G. shortly before the outbreak of the conflict, visited Great Britain and France and, convincing himself that
the struggle would be very long and difficult, pledged Canada to provide an aggregate of 500,000 trained men should the
need arise. He and his government also made arrangements whereby Canadian manufacturers should engage largely in the
production of munitions, the credits for such contracts being financed by the Canadian administration. The same policy was
pursued in connection with contracts for food supplies, with the result that throughout the war there was a continued trade
expansion and financial opulence that enabled Canada to make sacrifices that would otherwise have been impossible to
her. During his visits to the front Sir Robert kept himself fully in touch with the needs of the Canadian army, and resolved to
make it a first consideration in all his policies. A trip to Great Britain and France in the early part of 1917 convinced him
that, in view of the dark outlook for peace, it would be necessary for Canada to adopt the policy of conscription, which
had already been reluctantly adopted in Great Britain by Mr. Asquith, and had become the policy of the United States,
which had recently entered the war. It was clear to Sir Robert that this policy could only be effectively imposed by consent
of both parties in the House of Commons, and on his return to Canada in May, 1917, he announced conscription as his
policy and an abandonment of party government. He was at first stoutly opposed both in the ranks of his own party and by
his political opponents. Nevertheless, after long and patient negotiations he was successful in winning practically the entire
body of English-speaking Liberals to his way of thinking, and conscription carried in the House of Commons in the latter
part of July, 1917, by the greatest majority ever given so momentous a measure. He then proceeded to form a Union
Government almost equally representative of Conservatives and Liberals. Early in December of 1917 this government,
with Sir Robert as Prime Minister, appealed to the people, and was supported by almost the entire mass of English-
speaking constituencies, giving him the largest majority that any political leader has ever enjoyed in this country. As a result
of the adoption of conscription, Canada was enabled by the time peace was declared to fulfil her pledge of sending
500,000 men to aid in the war against autocracy—a contribution which has made this country famous throughout the