A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry

281 Pages·2022·8.443 MB·English

by  Mike Huggins

A CULTURAL HISTORY
OF SPORT
VOLUME 5
i
A Cultural History of Sport
General Editors: Wray Vamplew, John McClelland, and Mark Dyreson
Volume 1
A Cultural History of Sport in Antiquity
Edited by Paul Christesen and Charles Stocking
Volume 2
A Cultural History of Sport in the Medieval Age
Edited by Noel Fallows
Volume 3
A Cultural History of Sport in the Renaissance
Edited by Alessandro Arcangeli
Volume 4
A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Enlightenment
Edited by Rebekka von Mallinckrodt
Volume 5
A Cultural History of Sport in the Age of Industry
Edited by Mike Huggins
Volume 6
A Cultural History of Sport in the Modern Age
Edited by Steven Riess
ii
A CULTURAL HISTORY
OF SPORT
IN THE AGE
OF INDUSTRY
Edited by Mike Huggins
iii
BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC
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BLOOMSBURY, BLOOMSBURY ACADEMIC and the Diana logo are trademarks of
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First published in Great Britain 2021

Copyright © Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021

Mike Huggins has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Editor of this work.

Series design by Raven Design
Cover image: Christmas postcard of a football match, 1892 © Bridgeman Images

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ISBN: HB: 978-1-3500-2404-5
Set: 978-1-3500-2410-6

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iv
CONTENTS
LI ST OF I LLUSTRATIONS vii
S ERIES PR EFACE xi
Introduction 1
Mike Huggins
1 The Purpose of Sport 33
Gerald R. Gems
2 Sporting Time and Sporting Space 57
Michael Krü ger
3 Products, Training, and Technology 77
Dave Day
4 Rules and Order 99
Matthew L. McDowell
5 Confl ict and Accommodation 119
Malcolm MacLean
6 Inclusion, Exclusion, and Segregation 143
Roberta J. Park and Mike Huggins
7 Minds, Bodies, and Identities 165
Wray Vamplew
v
vi CONTENTS
8 Representation 187
Allen Guttmann
BI BLIOGRAPHY 217
NO TES ON C ONTRIBUTORS 241
I NDEX 243
ILLUSTRATIONS
INTRODUCTION
0.1 “After the Derby”, T he Day’s Doings, May 27, 1871
(author’s collection). 5
0.2 Line drawing of Archer, frontispiece of A utobiographies of
the Three Archers , by A. Cheltonian (Cheltenham:
S.H. Brookes, 1885). 6
0.3 Archer in Hasting’s colours, frontispiece of T he Life of
Fred Archer by E. M. Humphris (London: Hutchinson, 1923). 9
0.4 W. G. Grace, English cricketer, courtesy of Getty images. 21
0.5 Boxer Tom Cribb, Staffordshire pottery work, courtesy of
the Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon collection. 29
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Miss Annie S. Peck, mountaineer, courtesy of Prints and
Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 35
1.2 Boxer Jack Johnson and trainers in camp, c. 1910, courtesy
of Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 43
1.3 Three women golfers c.1890, courtesy of Prints and
Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 46
1.4 The Great International Caledonian Games, held at
Jones Wood, New York City, July 1, 1867, courtesy of Prints
and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 49
1.5 Thomas Hughes (1822–96), author of T om Brown’s Schooldays
and Tom Brown at Oxford, courtesy of Prints and Photographs,
Library of Congress. 51
vii
viii ILLUSTRATIONS
CHAPTER 2
2.1 Franz Kruger (1787–1857), T he Racecourse at Berlin ,
author’s collection. 64
2.2 The moment when the expedition of the English alpinist
Edward Whymper returned from its fi rst ascent of the
Matterhorn and four of the team were swept to their death,
Gustav Dore, author’s collection. 66
2.3 Physical Education class in a small Swiss village, author’s
collection. 70
2.4 Caricature of Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852), the
father of gymnastics in Germany. 71
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Kennington Oval cycle race, 1892, courtesy of Getty Images. 82
3.2 Croquet players c. 1866, courtesy of Prints and
Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 88
3.3 Dublin University Athletic Sports, courtesy of Getty Images. 90
3.4 Robert Cruikshank (1789–1856), A Visit to the Fives Court ,
1822, courtesy of Getty Images. 92
3.5 Activities in a London gymnasium, c. 1830, courtesy of
Getty Images. 96
CHAPTER 4
4.1 Baseball Follows the Flag: an indication of what A.G. Spalding,
publisher of baseball’s rules, considered to be the origins of
sporting culture, (A. G. Spalding baseball collection), courtesy
of New York Public Library. 106
4.2 Croquet Match on the Shore . Engraving by William Hollidge
after a painting by Helen Allingham (1848–1926), from T he
Illustrated London News , August 5, 1871, courtesy of
Getty Images. 107
4.3 Playing netball at the Myrdle Street Girls School, Stepney,
London, 1908, courtesy of Getty Images. 110
4.4 James Naismith, the creator of the fi rst rules for
basketball, courtesy of Getty images. 112
4.5 Men from the Mohawk Nation at Kahnawake
(Caughnawaga) who were the Canadian lacrosse champions
in 1869, courtesy of Library and Archives Canada/Lee
Pritzker collection//c001959. 114
ILLUSTRATIONS ix
CHAPTER 5
5.1 Canadian teams competing in Lacrosse, courtesy of
Getty Images. 122
5.2 “Golf, The Drive”, H arper’s Weekly , December 11,
1897, courtesy of Getty Images. 130
5.3 Piece of sheet music published in 1907 showing black
baseball players playing a game in front of a church, and
male and female black fans, courtesy of Getty Images. 131
5.4 A mass Turnfest in 1898 in Hamburg, courtesy of
Getty Images. 133
5.5 Aboriginal cricketers’ tour of England, 1868, courtesy
of Getty Images. 137
CHAPTER 6
6.1 YMCA gymnasium, early 20th century, courtesy of the
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 146
6.2 USA international tennis players, 1895, courtesy of the
Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 150
6.3 Gaelic football team from Leitrim, Ireland, in 1914,
courtesy of the Prints and Photographs Division,
Library of Congress. 152
6.4 African-American baseball players from Morris
Brown College, c. 1899, courtesy of the Prints and
Photographs Division, Library of Congress. 156
6.5 F. C. Turner, T he Berkeley Hunt, 1842 , including one
woman riding side-s addle, courtesy of the Yale Center
for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection. 161
CHAPTER 7
7.1 Female swimmer emerges from Lake George, New York,
1916, courtesy of Getty Images. 167
7.2 Staged bicycle crash, c. 1910, courtesy of Getty Images. 168
7.3 Men from the Horwich Railway Mechanics Institute
play at the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railways Cricket
Ground, courtesy of Getty Images. 172
7.4 A fi ght between British boxers Harry Broome and
Tom Paddock, 1855, courtesy of Getty Images. 178
7.5 Exercise class, Buckingham Street School, Islington,
London, 1906. A physical training drill in the playground,