Table Of Content

A CRITICAL STUDY OF GRAPHIC RATING SCALES BY Heal Beery Andregg * * A THES3S Submitted to the Graduate School of Michigan S tate College of A griculture and Applied Scienoe in p a rtia l fu lfillm en t of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OP EDUCATION Department of Education 1 9 5 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful to Dr. V. H. Noll for his assistance,, sound advice, and capable direction of this study. I sincerely appreciate the advice of Dr. D. Baten on s ta tis tic a l techniques. Acknowledgment is due Dr. C. V. H illard and Dr. J. S. Karslake for th e ir helpful suggestions. Appreciation is expressed to members of the Evaluation Section, Education Branch, Plans and Operations D ivision, Air U niversity for th e ir assistance w ith calculations and typing. For her encouragement and constant help, I am most g ra te fu l to my w ife, Vera. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I* INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .......................... 1 II. REVIEW OP THE LITERATURE .......................................................................... 7 H istory of ratin g scales ................ 7 V alid ity ........................................ 11 R e lia b ility ...................................................................... 13 T raits amenable to ratin g ................................................................. 16 In te rco rrelatio n s in tr a it ratin g s and abbreviated scales ............ 17 Types of ratin g erro rs .............................. 21 III. THE SITUATION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY .................................................. 25 The situ a tio n .................... 25 Design of the study ......................... 27 Hypotheses and methods of te stin g them ................... 26 IV. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA......................................................... 33 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONSF OR FURTHER STUDY . .. 6k S um inary.............................. 6k Findings ............... 65 Conclusions .......................................... 66 Suggestions fo r fu rth er s tu d y .............. 73 BIBLIOGRAPHY................. 75 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................. 79 LIST OP TABLES TABLE PAGE I. RAT DIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS TO THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ................................... 3k II. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF STUDENTS’ RATINGS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................................................................. 35 III- F RATIOS - STUDENTS’ RATINGS ON TACTICAL PROBLEM 37 IV. F RATIOS - STUDENTS ’ RATINGS ON STRATEGIC PROBLEM . . . . . 3 ^ V. RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS TO THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.................................................. 39 VI. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF INSTRUCTORS1 RATINGS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN TIE TACTICAL PROBLEM........................................ UO V n . F RATIOS - INSTRUCTORS* RATINGS ON TACTICAL PROBLEM ... V III. F RATIOS - INSTRUCTORS * RATINGS ON STRATEGIC PROBLEM .. IX. A SUMMARY OF RATDTGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS Df TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE TACTICAL PROBLEM IJ+ X. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATDTGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFER­ ENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE TACTICAL PROBLEM .............................................................................. k5 X I. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE TACTICAL PROBXEM ^4-^ . . . s o o e e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X II. RELIABILITY OF INSTRUCTORS * AND STUDENTS’ RATINGS OF STAFF MEMBERS* PERFORMANCE ON THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ................................... k9 X III. MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS OF RATDTGS ON TWO TRAITS WITH COMPOSITE RATINGS GIVEN IN THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . ................... 59 TABLE XIV. MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS OF RATINGS ON THREE TRAITS WITH COMPOS ITS RATINGS GIVEN IN THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ................................................................................................................. XV. MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS OF RATINGS ON THINK IMG, INITIATIVE AND ORGANIZING ABILITY WITH COMPOSITE RATINGS GIVEN IN THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ........................................... XVI. SPURIOUS CORRELATION IN CORRELATING RATINGS WITH THE COMPOSITE RATINGS HI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................. XVII. RELIABILITY OF INSTRUCTORS1 .AND STUDENTS1 RATINGS OF STAFF MEMBERS' PERFORMANCE ON THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ........................................................................................ XVIII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN 3Y STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM............................................................................ xnx. AN AIALYS IS OF VARIAICE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM... XX. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS El TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM..................................................... XXI. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM........................................................................... XXII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.. XXIII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RAT DIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM................................................ XXIV. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION DI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM............................................................................ XXV. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS HI TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM XX/1. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RAT DIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AID INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS DI TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE^ TACT ICAL PROBLEM.............................................. TABLE PAGE XXVII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAPIS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.......................................................... 97 XXVIII. AM ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN 3Y STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM......................................................................................................... 9^ XXIX. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM............................... 9^ XXX. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY D IF FERE NT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM...................................................................................... 99 XXXI. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AMD INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ................ 99 XXXII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM . . ................................................. 100 XXXIII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................... 100 XXXIV. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.............................................................................. 101 XXXV. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM . . ................. 101 XXXVI. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM............................................................................................ 102 XXXVII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFF3 ON THINKING IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM .......................... 102 TABLE PAGE XXXVIII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OP RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................... 103 XXXIX. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................................................. 103 XL. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON IN IT IATTVE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ................. lOi-i- XLI. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM. . . . . . 10l| XLII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................................................... 105 XXIII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND HBTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM...................................................................................................................105 XXX/. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM . . . . . 106 XLV. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................. 106 XLVI. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................ 107 XLV II. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ........................................................................................... 107 XLV II I. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ............................................................. IOS TABLE PAGE XLIX. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE STRATEGIC- PROBLEM ................................................................................................................... 10g L. AN ANALYSE OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ........................ 109 L I. NUMBER OF RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THE TACT ICAL PROBLEM................................................................................... 110 L II. NUMBER OF RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................................. - . . .................... I l l L III. NUMBER OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS IN THE TACT ICAL PROBLEM........................ 112. LIV. NUMBER OF RAT BIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS HI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM .............. 113 LV. NUMBER OP RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS HI THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM...................................................................... lllj. LVI. NUMBER OF RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM............................................................................... 115 LVII. NUMBER OF RAT BIGS G EVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS BJ THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................. , ........... 116 LV III. NUMBER OF RATBTG3 GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS BI THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM..................................................... 117 LIX. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF BI THE TACTICALP ROBLEM............................. llg LX. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF IN THE TACTICALP ROBLEM................... llg LXI. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM...................................................................................................................... 119 LXII. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 119 LX III. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE BI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ............ 120 TABLE PAGE LXIV. BTTERC ORRELAT IONS BET VEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.................................................................................................... . .............. 120 LXV. INTERCORRELATIONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS HJ CHARGE OF OPERATIONS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ............................................................................... 121 HIV I. BITERCORRELAT JONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF OPERATIONS IN TEE TACTICAL PROBLEM . . ................... 121 LXV II. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF SUPPLY BI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 122 LXVIII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF SUPPLY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM . .. 122 LXEC. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 123 LXX. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL. PROBLEM.... 123 LXX I. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................. 12k LXXII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS BI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.. 12k LXXIIIc BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT OPERATIONS OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 125 LXX IV. INTERC ORRSL AT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT OPERATIONS OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.... 125 LXXV. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT SUPPLY OFFICERS BI THE1 TACTICAL PROBLEM . . . . . . . 126 LXXV I. BITERCORRELAT' IONS BETWEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN FT STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT SUPPLY OFFICERS BI TEE TACT ICAL PROBLEM ------ 126 LXXVII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY BISTRUCTORS TO COMMUNICATIONS OFFICERS BT THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.................. 127 LXXV III. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO COMMUNICATIONS OFFICERS BI THE TACT ICAL PROBLEM.................. 127 TABLE PAGE LXXIX. BTTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BI INSTRUCTORS TO COMMANDING GENERALS IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................. 123 LXXX. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BI STUDENTS TO COMMANDING GENERALS IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.......................... 123 LXXX I. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BET VEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM............................... 129 LXXXII. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................ 129 LXXXIII. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.............................................................. . 130 LXXX TV. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................................................. 130 LXXXV. BTTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM . ................................................................................................................ 131 LXXXVI. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM..................................................................................................... 131 LXXXVII. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BTGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF OPERATIONS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................................................ 132 LXXXVII I. BTTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF OPERATIONS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................................................ 132 LXXX IX. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY BISTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF SUPPLY BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................................................................................................. 133 XC. BTTERCORREIAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF SUPPLY BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.. 133 XCI. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS BI THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.. 13k XCII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM... 13k

ebook img

A CRITICAL STUDY OF GRAPHIC RATING SCALES PDF

152 Pages·07.3 MB·English
by  ANDREGG, NEAL B
#
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Upgrade Premium
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview A CRITICAL STUDY OF GRAPHIC RATING SCALES

A CRITICAL STUDY OF GRAPHIC RATING SCALES BY Heal Beery Andregg * * A THES3S Submitted to the Graduate School of Michigan S tate College of A griculture and Applied Scienoe in p a rtia l fu lfillm en t of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OP EDUCATION Department of Education 1 9 5 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful to Dr. V. H. Noll for his assistance,, sound advice, and capable direction of this study. I sincerely appreciate the advice of Dr. D. Baten on s ta tis tic a l techniques. Acknowledgment is due Dr. C. V. H illard and Dr. J. S. Karslake for th e ir helpful suggestions. Appreciation is expressed to members of the Evaluation Section, Education Branch, Plans and Operations D ivision, Air U niversity for th e ir assistance w ith calculations and typing. For her encouragement and constant help, I am most g ra te fu l to my w ife, Vera. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I* INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM .......................... 1 II. REVIEW OP THE LITERATURE .......................................................................... 7 H istory of ratin g scales ................ 7 V alid ity ........................................ 11 R e lia b ility ...................................................................... 13 T raits amenable to ratin g ................................................................. 16 In te rco rrelatio n s in tr a it ratin g s and abbreviated scales ............ 17 Types of ratin g erro rs .............................. 21 III. THE SITUATION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY .................................................. 25 The situ a tio n .................... 25 Design of the study ......................... 27 Hypotheses and methods of te stin g them ................... 26 IV. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA......................................................... 33 V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONSF OR FURTHER STUDY . .. 6k S um inary.............................. 6k Findings ............... 65 Conclusions .......................................... 66 Suggestions fo r fu rth er s tu d y .............. 73 BIBLIOGRAPHY................. 75 APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................. 79 LIST OP TABLES TABLE PAGE I. RAT DIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS TO THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ................................... 3k II. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF STUDENTS’ RATINGS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................................................................. 35 III- F RATIOS - STUDENTS’ RATINGS ON TACTICAL PROBLEM 37 IV. F RATIOS - STUDENTS ’ RATINGS ON STRATEGIC PROBLEM . . . . . 3 ^ V. RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS TO THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.................................................. 39 VI. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF INSTRUCTORS1 RATINGS OF THEIR RESPECTIVE CHIEFS OF STAFF ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN TIE TACTICAL PROBLEM........................................ UO V n . F RATIOS - INSTRUCTORS* RATINGS ON TACTICAL PROBLEM ... V III. F RATIOS - INSTRUCTORS * RATINGS ON STRATEGIC PROBLEM .. IX. A SUMMARY OF RATDTGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS Df TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE TACTICAL PROBLEM IJ+ X. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATDTGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFER­ ENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE TACTICAL PROBLEM .............................................................................. k5 X I. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE TACTICAL PROBXEM ^4-^ . . . s o o e e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X II. RELIABILITY OF INSTRUCTORS * AND STUDENTS’ RATINGS OF STAFF MEMBERS* PERFORMANCE ON THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ................................... k9 X III. MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS OF RATDTGS ON TWO TRAITS WITH COMPOSITE RATINGS GIVEN IN THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS . . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . ................... 59 TABLE XIV. MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS OF RATINGS ON THREE TRAITS WITH COMPOS ITS RATINGS GIVEN IN THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ................................................................................................................. XV. MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS OF RATINGS ON THINK IMG, INITIATIVE AND ORGANIZING ABILITY WITH COMPOSITE RATINGS GIVEN IN THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ........................................... XVI. SPURIOUS CORRELATION IN CORRELATING RATINGS WITH THE COMPOSITE RATINGS HI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................. XVII. RELIABILITY OF INSTRUCTORS1 .AND STUDENTS1 RATINGS OF STAFF MEMBERS' PERFORMANCE ON THE TACTICAL AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS ........................................................................................ XVIII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN 3Y STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM............................................................................ xnx. AN AIALYS IS OF VARIAICE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM... XX. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS El TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM..................................................... XXI. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM........................................................................... XXII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.. XXIII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RAT DIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM................................................ XXIV. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION DI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM............................................................................ XXV. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS HI TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM XX/1. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RAT DIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AID INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS DI TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE^ TACT ICAL PROBLEM.............................................. TABLE PAGE XXVII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAPIS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.......................................................... 97 XXVIII. AM ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN 3Y STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM......................................................................................................... 9^ XXIX. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM............................... 9^ XXX. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY D IF FERE NT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM...................................................................................... 99 XXXI. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AMD INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ................ 99 XXXII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN TWENTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM . . ................................................. 100 XXXIII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................... 100 XXXIV. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.............................................................................. 101 XXXV. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON KNOWLEDGE APPLIED TO THE SOLUTION OF THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM . . ................. 101 XXXVI. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM............................................................................................ 102 XXXVII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFF3 ON THINKING IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM .......................... 102 TABLE PAGE XXXVIII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OP RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON THINKING IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................... 103 XXXIX. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................................................. 103 XL. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON IN IT IATTVE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ................. lOi-i- XLI. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON INITIATIVE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM. . . . . . 10l| XLII. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................................................... 105 XXIII. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND HBTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM...................................................................................................................105 XXX/. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON COOPERATION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM . . . . . 106 XLV. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................. 106 XLVI. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................ 107 XLV II. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON ORGANIZING ABILITY IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ........................................................................................... 107 XLV II I. A SUMMARY OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ............................................................. IOS TABLE PAGE XLIX. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF ORIGINAL RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE STRATEGIC- PROBLEM ................................................................................................................... 10g L. AN ANALYSE OF VARIANCE OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THIRTY DIFFERENT STAFFS ON EXPRESSION IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM ........................ 109 L I. NUMBER OF RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THE TACT ICAL PROBLEM................................................................................... 110 L II. NUMBER OF RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................................. - . . .................... I l l L III. NUMBER OF RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS IN THE TACT ICAL PROBLEM........................ 112. LIV. NUMBER OF RAT BIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS HI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM .............. 113 LV. NUMBER OP RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS HI THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM...................................................................... lllj. LVI. NUMBER OF RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO STUDENTS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM............................................................................... 115 LVII. NUMBER OF RAT BIGS G EVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS BJ THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................. , ........... 116 LV III. NUMBER OF RATBTG3 GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO THEIR FELLOW STUDENTS BI THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM..................................................... 117 LIX. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF BI THE TACTICALP ROBLEM............................. llg LX. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF IN THE TACTICALP ROBLEM................... llg LXI. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM...................................................................................................................... 119 LXII. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 119 LX III. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE BI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ............ 120 TABLE PAGE LXIV. BTTERC ORRELAT IONS BET VEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.................................................................................................... . .............. 120 LXV. INTERCORRELATIONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS HJ CHARGE OF OPERATIONS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM ............................................................................... 121 HIV I. BITERCORRELAT JONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF OPERATIONS IN TEE TACTICAL PROBLEM . . ................... 121 LXV II. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF SUPPLY BI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 122 LXVIII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF SUPPLY IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM . .. 122 LXEC. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 123 LXX. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL. PROBLEM.... 123 LXX I. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.............................. 12k LXXII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS BI THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.. 12k LXXIIIc BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT OPERATIONS OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM 125 LXX IV. INTERC ORRSL AT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT OPERATIONS OFFICERS IN THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.... 125 LXXV. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT SUPPLY OFFICERS BI THE1 TACTICAL PROBLEM . . . . . . . 126 LXXV I. BITERCORRELAT' IONS BETWEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN FT STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT SUPPLY OFFICERS BI TEE TACT ICAL PROBLEM ------ 126 LXXVII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY BISTRUCTORS TO COMMUNICATIONS OFFICERS BT THE TACTICAL PROBLEM.................. 127 LXXV III. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO COMMUNICATIONS OFFICERS BI THE TACT ICAL PROBLEM.................. 127 TABLE PAGE LXXIX. BTTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BI INSTRUCTORS TO COMMANDING GENERALS IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................. 123 LXXX. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BI STUDENTS TO COMMANDING GENERALS IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.......................... 123 LXXX I. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BET VEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM............................... 129 LXXXII. INTERCORRELATIONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO CHIEFS OF STAFF IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................ 129 LXXXIII. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.............................................................. . 130 LXXX TV. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF PERSONNEL BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................................................. 130 LXXXV. BTTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE IN THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM . ................................................................................................................ 131 LXXXVI. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF INTELLIGENCE BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM..................................................................................................... 131 LXXXVII. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BTGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF OPERATIONS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................................................ 132 LXXXVII I. BTTERC ORRELAT IONS BETWEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF OPERATIONS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM................................................................................................................ 132 LXXX IX. INTERC ORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY BISTRUCTORS TO OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF SUPPLY BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.................................................................................................................. 133 XC. BTTERCORREIAT IONS BETVJEEN RATINGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO OFFICERS BT CHARGE OF SUPPLY BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.. 133 XCI. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY INSTRUCTORS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS BI THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM.. 13k XCII. BITERCORRELAT IONS BETVJEEN RAT BIGS GIVEN BY STUDENTS TO ASSISTANT PERSONNEL OFFICERS BT THE STRATEGIC PROBLEM... 13k

See more

The list of books you might like

Upgrade Premium
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.
DMCA & Copyright: Dear all, most of the website is community built, users are uploading hundred of books everyday, which makes really hard for us to identify copyrighted material, please contact us if you want any material removed.
Copyright @ PDFdrive.to, 2022 | We love our users