A Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Material from Suffolk

388 Pages·1998·21.855 MB·English

by  Stanley West

EASTANGLIANARCHAEOLOGY
Frontispiece
Bromeswell009: detail ofAebowl with lionhunt scene. Scale 1:1
Photo:R.Carr
A Corpus of
Anglo-Saxon
Material
from Suffolk
by Stanley West
with an appendix by Steven 1.Plunkett
illustrations by
D. Sullivan, G. Wade, R.Green,
R.Archer, D. Nuttall
photographs by
R. Carr
EastAnglianArchaeology
ReportNo.84, 1998
Suffolk CountyCouncil
EASTANGLIANARCHAEOLOGY
REPORT NO. 84
Publishedby
Suffolk CountyCouncilPlanningDepartment
Suffolk CountyCouncil
StEdmundHouse
RopeWalk
Ipswich
Suffolk
inconjunctionwith
TheScole ArchaeologicalCommittee
Editor: KeithWade
EAAManagingEditor: Jenny Glazebrook
ScoleEditorialSub-Committee:
David Buckley, County Archaeologist,EssexPlanningDepartment
KeithWade,CountyArchaeologicalOfficer, Suffolk PlanningDeparment
PeterWade-Martins,CountyField Archaeologist,NorfolkMuseumsService
Stanley West
SetinTimes Roman byJoan Daniellsusing Corel Ventura"
Printed byGeeringsofAshfordLtd., Ashford, Kent
©SUFFOLKCOUNTYCOUNCIL
ISBN 086055 2462
Fordetails ofEastAnglianArchaeology, seelast page
Coverlllustration
Gold plaque with symbolofStJohn inlaid with niello, from theMiddle
Saxon site atBrandon.
Photo: R. Carr; SuffolkArchaeologicalUnit
Contents
Contents v Ill. Cemeteriesand BurialPractices, including
List ofPlates v analysesofgravegoods 272
List ofFigures vi IV. SkeletalPositions 288
ListofTables ix V. Artefacts- TheDistributionofSelectedTypes 291
Acknowledgements ix Late Roman and early5th-century
Anglo-Saxonobjects 291
Cruciformbrooches 296
PartI. The Catalogue
Square-headedbrooches 296
Introduction 2
Small long brooches 299
Abbreviations,Typologiesand Scales 3
VI. The BadleyBowls 301
The Catalogue 4
Chapter3.TheMiddleSaxonPhase
Part 11. Discussion
Distributionof sites and artefacts, includingIpswich
Wareand 'ansate'(caterpillar)brooches 317
Chapter 1
I. The PhysicalBackground 261
Chapter4. The Late Saxon Phase
11. The Romano-BritishSettlementofSuffolk 261
Distributionof sites and artefacts includingstrap-ends,
Ill. Historical Summary ofAnglo-SaxonStudies
dress tags, cloisonneenamelbrooches and
in Suffolk 264
'backward-lookinganimal'brooches 320
IV. Discovery 265
Appendix: Anglo-SaxonStoneSculptureand
Chapter2. The Early Anglo-Saxon Phase
Architecture, by Steven1.Plunkett
I. The DistributionofSites and Finds 266 I. Catalogue 324
EarlyAnglo-SaxonSuffolk;numbered index 11. Anglo-SaxonStoneCarvingin Suffolk 343
ofsites 266
11. Settlements 271 Bibliography 358
Index 368
List of Plates
Frontispiece:Bromeswell009:Aebowlwithlionhuntscene 4. IxworthMisc.: Ae bookfastening
5. LakenheathMisc.: Aetrefoilbrooch 112
PartI.The Catalogue PlateV 1.LakenheathMise.A:Ae
Plate I Badley002: The Badleybowls, square-headedbrooch
from an originaldrawingbyHamlet 2.LakenheathMise,A: Ae
Watling intheIpswichMuseum 109 square-headedbrooch
Plate 11 1.Bury StEdmundsMisc.: Ae 3.LakenheathMisc.A: Ae
square-headedbrooch cruciformbrooch 113
2.Chilton001: Ae 'Coptic'bowl PlateVI 1.LakenheathMisc.: Ae Aquitanian
3.Eye 009: Ae seal matrix buckle
4.Freckenham001: Pair ofAe 2.LakenheathMisc.: Ae 'ansate'
square-headedbrooches brooch
5. Gisleham003: Jet bead 3.Lakenheath077: Goldbracteate
6.Gisleham003: Crystalgem stone 110 4. Oakley010: Ae tuningpeg
Plate III 1.Harkstead028: Aequatrefoilstrap 5.Oakley010: Ae lyre bridge
separator 6. Poslingford004: Goldfingerring 114
2.Icklingham026: Aeflorid Plate VII 1.Snape007: Gold fingerring
cruciformbrooch 2. StantonMisc.: Goldpendantcross
3.Icklingham026: Aeflorid 3.StantonMisc.: Goldplatebrooch
cruciformbrooch 4. Tostock002: Gold and garnet
4.IxworthMisc.: Aedisc brooch 111 buckle 115
Plate IV 1.Icklingham026: Pair Ae PlateVIII 1.Suffolk: Ae square-headedbrooch
girdle-hangers 2.Suffolk: Silverradiatebrooch
2.Icklingham026: Fragmentsof 3.Suffolk:Aecruciformbroochpendant
two appliedbrooches 4.MildenhallMise.A: Ae square-
3.IxworthMisc.: Ae strap-end headed brooch 116
v
Appendix Plate XIV 1.Hunston: windowarch
PlateIX 1.Flixton:churchruins 2.Hunston:re-used windowarches
2.Flixton: groundplan ofchurch 3.Kedington: cross fragment
3.Halesworth: possiblefont 4.Hunston: small cross 336
fragments 331 Plate XV GreatAshfield:cross 337
PlateX Iken: cross-shaft 332 PlateXVI Ipswich: tympanum 338
PlateXI Iken and relatedcrosses 333 PlateXVII 1.Ipswich: plaque
PlateXII 1.South Elmham: grave-slab 2.Ipswich: Apostolicfrieze 339
fragmentinsitu Plate XVIII 1.Ipswich: lost fragments as
2.South Elmham: grave-slab published
fragment 2.Ipswich: lost fragments
3.SantonDownham: grave-slab rearranged 340
fragment Plate XIX Ipswich: three lost fragments 341
4.Ipswich: grave-slabfragment PlateXX 1.Framsden: architecturalfragment
5.Huntingfield: grave-slaband 2.Framsden: figure with inscription
possiblecross fragments 334 3.Lidgate: balusterfragment
PlateXIII 1.Ixworth: grave-slabfragments 4.LittleWratting: inscription 342
2.Aldham: a)grave-slabfragment,
b)carvedfragment 335
List of Figures
PartI. TheCatalogue Fig. 15 1Bury StEdmunds031; 2-4Bury
Fig. 1 1,2AkenhamMise.;3Akenham003 117 StEdmundsMise.;5Butley001; 6
Fig. 2 1Arwarton023; 2-3Badley002; Butley002; 7-21 Butley004;
(2.2Scale 1:3)4BadwellAsh 007; 22,23 Butley008 131
5BadwellAsh 008; 6BadwellAsh Fig. 16 1Butley015; 2,3 BuxhallMise.;
Mise. 118 4-7CarltonColville007/008; 8
Fig. 3 1-17Barham016-018 119 CarltonColville008; 9-13
Fig. 4 18-30Barham016-018 120 Cavenham011 132
Fig. 5 31-50Barham016-018 121 Fig. 17 1Cavenham011; 2,3 Cavenham
Fig. 6 51-68Barham016-018 122 Mise.;4 ChelmondistonMise.; 5
Fig. 7 69-84Barham016-018 123 Chillesford004/006; 6,7Claydon005 133
Fig. 8 1.1,1.2Barnham030; 2Barnham Fig. 18 1CoddenhamMise.; 2Coddenham
032; 3BarnhamMise.; 4 Barsham
003; 3-5 Coddenham017 134
004; 5BartonGreat, Mise. 124
Fig. 19 1-4Coddenham017; 5,6
Fig. 9 1BartonMills015; 2Bawdsey
Coddenham019; 7,8 Coddenham
004; 3BealingsGreat008; 4,5
021; 9-19Coddenham022 135
BealingsLittle016-17;6,7
Fig. 20 1-40Coddenham022 136
BealingsMise.; 8BelsteadMise. 125
Fig. 21 1-29Coddenham022 137
Fig. 10 1-4BlakenhamGreat004; 5
Fig. 22 1-31 Coddenham022 138
BlakenhamGreat007; 6
Fig. 23 1-5Coddenham023; 6
BlakenhamGreat009; 7,8 Blaxhall
Coddenham026; 7-10
007; 9Botesdale004; 10Botesdale
Coddenham027; 11Coddenham
Mise.; 11Bramford028; 12
028; 12CreetingSt MaryMise.;
Bramford030; 13Bramford033;
13,14 CulfordMise. 139
14BramfordMise.; 15Bramford
Fig. 24 1Culford013; 2Dunwich011; 3,4
036; 16Bramford017; 17Brandon
DunwichMise.;5Elmsett012; 6
018 126
ElvedenMisc.;7EriswellMisc.; 8
Fig. 11 1BrandonMise.; 2Brantham
Mise.; 3Bredfield004; 4-8 Eriswell003 140
Brightwell<517 (11.6 Scale 1:3) 127 Fig. 25 1-4Eriswell003 141
Fig. 12 1,2Bromeswell006; 3Bromeswell Fig. 26 1-13Eriswell003 142
007; 4Bucklesham002; 5-7 Fig. 27 1-10Eriswell003 143
Bungay003; 8-10Bury St Fig. 28 1-13Eriswell ?003 144
EdmundsMise. 128 Fig. 29 1-4Eriswell ?003; 5-9Eriswell
Fig. 13 1-7Bury StEdmunds005 (1-4 008 (Grave 1) 145
Grave 1;5-7Grave3); 8-10Bury Fig. 30 1-6Eriswell008 (Grave2); 7-11
StEdmunds007 129 Eriswell008 (Grave6) 146
Fig. 14 1-8Bury StEdmunds028 (1-5 Fig. 31 1-6Eriswell008 (Grave9); 7-9
Grave 1;6Grave2;7-8Grave3) 130 Eriswell008 (Grave 10) 147
VI
Fig. 32 1-3Eriswell008 (Grave 11);4-7 Fig. 63 1Ipswich016 181
Eriswell008 (Grave 12); 8-10 Fig. 64 1,2Ipswich016 182
Eriswell008 (Grave 14); 11 Fig. 65 1Ipswich016 183
Eriswell008 (Grave 15) 148 Fig. 66 1-9Ipswich016 184
Fig. 33 1,2Eriswell008 (Grave 18);3-6 Fig. 67 1-8Ipswich016 185
Eriswell008 (Grave 21); 7-10 Fig. 68 1-20Ipswich016 186
Eriswell008 (Grave22) 149 Fig. 69 1Ipswich016 187
Fig. 34 1,2Eriswell008 (Grave 24); 3 Fig. 70 1-10Ipswich016 (scaleofrim
Eriswell 008 (Grave 25); 4-9 section 2:1) 188
Eriswell (Grave 27part) (34.5 Scale Fig. 71 1-10Ipswich016 189
1:1) 150 Fig. 72 1-8Ipswich016 190
Fig. 35 1Eriswell008 (Grave 27 cont'd); Fig. 73 1-6Ipswich016 191
2,3Eriswell008 (Grave 28part) 151 Fig. 74 1-7Ipswich016 192
Fig. 36 1-7Eriswell008 (Grave28cont'd) 152 Fig. 75 1-6Ipswich016 193
Fig. 37 1-5Eriswell008 (Grave 29); 6-9 Fig. 76 1-11 Ipswich016 194
Eriswell008 (Grave 31- sword Fig. 77 1-21 Ipswich016 195
scale 1:6) 153 Fig. 78 1-11 Ipswich016 196
Fig. 38 1-5 Eriswell008 (Grave 33);6 Fig. 79 1-8Ipswich016 197
Eriswell008, unprovenanced 154 Fig. 80 1-10Ipswich016 198
Fig. 39 1Eriswell014; 2Eriswell038; 3-6 Fig. 81 1-5Ipswich016 (Glass, scale 1:2) 199
Eriswell046 (Grave Apart) 155 Fig. 82 Bead Groups 1,2,3Ipswich016 200
Fig.40 1-6Eriswell046 (Grave Acont'd); Fig. 83 Bead Groups4,5,6,7 Ipswich016 201
7-11 Eriswell046 (Grave B); 12 Fig. 84 Bead Groups 8,9,10Ipswich016 202
Eriswell058 156 Fig. 85 BeadGroups11,12,13,14Ipswich016 203
Fig.41 1-6Exning005 157 Fig. 86 Bead Group 15(part) Ipswich016 204
Fig.42 1-11 Exning005 158 Fig. 87 Bead Group 15(cont'd); 16(Part)
Fig.43 1-6Exning005; 7-11 Exning028 159 Ipswich016 205
Fig.44 1,2ExningMisc.; 3-7Eye 003; 8 Fig. 88 Bead Groups 16(cont'd); 17,18
FakenhamMise, 160 Ipswich016 206
Fig.44a 1-5TheexcavationofEye Fig. 89 Bead Groups 19,20 Ipswich016 207
cemetery, 1818;EYE 003 161 Fig. 90 Bead Groups 21,22,23,24,25
Fig. 45 1-10FelixstoweMisc. 162 Ipswich016 208
Fig.46 1,2FelixstoweMise.; 3-7Fornham Fig. 91 Bead Groups 26,27,28Ipswich016 209
StMartin Misc.;(46.3 Aebowl, Fig. 92 Bead Groups 29,30Ipswich016 210
scale 1:2)8Foxhall007; 9 Fig. 93 Bead Groups 31,32,33Ipswich016 211
Framlingham002; 10Freckenham Fig. 94 Bead Group 34Ipswich016 212
Misc.; 11Freston022; 12 Fig. 95 Bead Group 35;Unassociated 1-16
FrostendenMisc.; 13Gisleham Ipswich016 213
Misc. 163 Fig. 96 1Ipswich083; 2Ipswich 124;3
Fig.47 1-4Gisleham010;5Gisleham019; Ipswich025; 4-20Ipswich (Town
6Gisleham020; 7Grundisburgh Excavations) (96.4 Iron brooch,
Misc.; 8-12Hasketon006; 13,14 scale 1:1) 214
Hasketon007; 15-19Hasketon Fig. 97 1-8Ipswich(TownExcavations) 215
008; 20Hasketon009 164 Fig. 98 1-7Ipswich(Town Excavations)
Fig.48 1,2Hasketon009; 3,4Hasketon (98.7 Iron brooch, scale 1:1) 216
011;5 Hinderclay003; 6-24 Fig. 99 1Ixworth002; 2-4Ixworth005 217
Hinderclay017 165 Fig. 100 1-4Ixworth005; 5Ixworth018; 6
Fig. 49 1-6Hinderclay017; 7Horringer Ixworth031; 7,8Ixworth Misc. 218
Misc.; 8-9Hoxne Mise, 166 Fig. 101 1-6IxworthMise. 219
Fig.50 1-11Icklingham026(Mitchell's Hill) 167 Fig. 102 1-9IxworthMisc.; 10-13Ixworth
Fig. 51 1-9Icklingham026 168 Thorpe002 220
Fig. 52 1-11 Icklingham026 169 Fig. 103 1KesgraveMisc.; 2,3 Knettishall
Fig. 53 1-7Icklingham026 (53.7 Iron axe, 015; 4-11 Lackford001 221
scale unknown) 170 Fig. 104 1-4Lackford001; 5LackfordMise. 222
Fig.54 1-9Icklingham026 171 Fig. 105 1-5Lakenheath010; 6Lakenheath
Fig. 55 1-12Icklingham026 172 016; 7Lakenheath046; 8
Fig. 56 1-9Icklingham026 173 Lakenheath072; 9Lakenheath 103;
Fig.56a 1-5IcklinghamMise. 174 10Lakenheath 110; 11-14
Fig.57 1,2InghamMisc.;3-6IpswichMise, 175 LakenheathMisc. 'A' 223
Fig.58 1-6Ipswich016 (HadleighRoad Fig. 106 1-5LakenheathMisc. 'A' 224
Cemetery) 176 Fig. 107 1-4LakenheathMisc. 'A' 225
Fig. 59 1Ipswich016 177 Fig. 108 1-8LakenheathMise. 'A' 226
Fig. 60 1Ipswich016 178 Fig. 109 1-14LakenheathMise. 'A' 227
Fig. 61 1Ipswich016 179 Fig. 110 1-16LakenheathMisc. 'A' 228
Fig. 62 1Ipswich 016 180 Fig. 111 1-21 LakenheathMise. 'A' 229
vu
Fig. 112 1-7LakenheathMise. 'A'; 8-14 TuddenhamStMartin 008; 10
Lakenheath(Undley) Mise. 230 TuddenhamStMartin 001 247
Fig. 113 1-9Lakenheath(Undley Fen) Fig. 130 1-8TuddenhamStMary 001 248
Mise.; 10,11LakenheathMise. 231 Fig. 131 1-3 TuddenhamStMary 001; 4
Fig. 114 1,2LakenheathMise.; 3 Ufford009; 5Ufford 011; 6,7
Livermere,Great; 4Martlesham Ufford012; 8Ufford 020; 9Ufford
028;5Martlesham040; 6Melton Mise.; 10Ufford Mise. 249
008; 7MeltonMise.; 8-10 Fig. 132 1UffordMise.; 2,3Waldringfield
MendleshamMise. 232 001;4,5Waldringfield012; 6
Fig. 115 1-5 Mildenhall001 (Three Hills or Waldringfield 014; 7Walsham le
WarrenHills) 233 Willows 085; 8Wangford 021;
Fig. 116 1-4 Mildenhall001, 5Mildenhall 9,10WangfordMise.; 11Wangford
142;6Mildenhall220;7-11 014; 12Wangford Mise. 250
MildenhallMise. 234 Fig. 133 1Wattisfield 006; 2,3Wattisfield
Fig. 117 1-4?MildenhallThree Hills Mise.; 049;4,5Wattisfield Mise.; 6-8
5 ?Mildenhall,HolywellRow; 6,7 Wenhaston 004; 9-12Wenhaston
MildenhallMise.;8-10Naeton033; 005; 13WestStow Mise. 251
11Naeton Misc.; 12Naeton 030 235 Fig. 134 1,2Wetheringsettcum Broekford
Fig. 118 1-19Oakley010;20PakenhamMise. 236 012; 3-12Wetheringsettcum
Fig. 119 1,2Pakenham016; 3Pakenham Broekford016; 13Wetheringsett
024; 4Pakenham026;5-9 cum Broekford017; 14,15
Pakenham028 (GrimstoneEnd) 237 Wetheringsettcum Broekford029;
Fig. 120 1-18Pakenham028 238 16,17WiekhamMarket005 252
Fig. 121 1-16Pakenham028 (121.10-15 Fig. 135 1,2Wiekham MarketMise.; 3-5
Pottery spindle-whorls, scale 1:2) 239 Wixoe 003; 6-9Suffolk Mise.
Fig. 122 1-3 Pakenham028; 4Pakenham (135.1Aebowl, scale 1:3) 253
033;5Palgrave Mise.; 6Pettistree Fig. 136 1-4Suffolk Mise. 254
014; 7-22Playford010 240
Fig. 137 1,2Suffolk Mise. 255
Fig. 123 1Playford 011; 2,3 Playford013; 4
Fig. 138 1,2Suffolk Mise. 256
PoslingfordMise.; 5,6 Ramsholt
Fig. 139 1-5 Suffolk Mise. 257
001; 7Redgrave005 241
Fig. 124 1Redgrave024; 2Rendlesham
006; 3,4Riekinghall Inferior 004;
Part11.Discussion
5,6Risby 001; 7-12RushmereSt
Fig. 140 Location: England,Continent 260
Andrew 013 (124.2 Pottery sketch,
Fig. 141 Physical divisions ofSuffolk 262
scaleuncertain, c. 1:3) 242
Fig. 142 Romano-British: roads and
Fig. 125 1Santon Downham026; 2Santon
distribution 263
Downham027; 3Saxham Great
Fig. 143 EarlyAnglo-Saxondistribution of
002;4SaxhamLittle 004;5
sitesand finds a)location, 267
Saxham Little 005; 6Shotley 037;
b)numbered 268
7,8 Shotley 047; 9Shottisham017 243
Fig. 144 Late Roman andearly 5th-century
Fig. 126 1,2Shottisham018;3,4Sibton009;
5Sibton 012; 6South ElmhamSt objects: distribution 363
Margaret009; 7-19Stanton001 244 Figs 145- Cruciformbrooches: compendium
Fig. 127 1Stanton 001; 2Stanton Mise.; 3 153 (scale 1:2) 304
StokeAshMise.; 4StonhamAspal Fig. 154 Distributionofsquare-headed
013;5,6StonhamAspal 011;7 brooches, types I-IXV 313
StonhamAspalMise.;8Stutton027; Fig. 155 Distributionofsquare-headed
9Sudbourne007; 10Sutton 023 245 brooches, typesXV-XXI 314
Fig. 128 1-5 Sutton 028; 6Sutton 042; 7 Fig. 156 The Badley bowls (scale 1:2) 315
Sutton Mise.; 8Sweffling004; 9 Fig. 157 The Badley designs (scale 1:1) 316
Thwaite 006; 10Tostoek002; Fig. 158 DistributionofIpswichWareand
11-14TuddenhamStMartin 002 246 Middle Saxon metalwork 318
Fig. 129 1-6TuddenhamStMartin; 7,8 Fig. 159 DistributionofThetfordWareand
TuddenhamStMartin 007; 9 LateSaxon metalwork 321
viii