A contribution to the knowledge of the Ichneumon wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Guilan Province, Northern Iran

2012·2 MB·English

by  Hassan Ghahari

A contribution to the knowledge ofthe Ichneumon wasps
(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Guilan Province, Northern Iran
HassanGhahari&ReijoJussila
Abstract.Inatotalof28ichneumonidspeciesfrom22generaand6subfamilies(Cremastinae,Cryptinae,Ichneumoninae,
Pimplinae,RhyssinaeandTryphoninae)werecollectedfromGuilanprovince,northernIran.Ofthese,onespeciesSchizopyga
podagricaGravenhorstisnewrecordforIran.
Samenvatting.EenbijdragetotdekennisvandeIchenomindae(Hymenoptera)vandeprovincieGuilan,Noord-lran
In het totaal werden 28 soorten Ichneumonidae behorend tot 22 genera en 6 subfamilies (Cremastinae, Cryptinae,
Ichneumoninae, Pimplinae, Rhyssinae enTryphoninae) verzameld in de provincie Guilan, Noord-lran. Schizopygapodagrica
GravenhorstisnieuwvoorIran.
Résumé.ContributionalaconnaissancedesIchneumonidae(Hymenoptera)delaprovincedeGuilan,Iranseptentrional
Autotal28espècesd'lchneumonidaefurentcapturéesdanslaprovincedeGuilan,Iranseptentrional,appartenanta22genres
et 6 sous-familles (Cremastinae, Cryptinae, Ichneumoninae, Pimplinae, Rhyssinae et Tryphoninae). Schizopyga podagrica
Gravenhorstestmentionnéicipourlapremièrefoisd'lran.
Keywords:Ichneumonidae-Fauna-Faunistics-GuilanProvince-Iran.
Ghahari H.: Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
[email protected]
JussilaR.:ZoologicalMuseum,SectionofBiodiversityandEnvironmentalSciences,DepartmentofBiology,FI-20014University
ofTurku,Finland.
Introduction Afrotropical region (Yu 1998). Ichneumonids utilise a
diversearrayofinsectsand arachnidsastheirhostsand
The Ichneumonidaeareoneofthe mostspecies-rich playan essential role inthe normal functioningofmost
families of all organisms with an estimated 60,000 ecosystems, underlining the need to inventory their
species intheworld (Townes 1969). Accordingto Gauld diversity. Comprehensive, quantitative, biodiversity
(1991) many authorities regard this figure as an surveys will enable the identification of hotspots of
underestimate. An estimated 12,100 species of species richness and endemism. This essential base line
IchneumonidaeoccurintheAfrotropicalregion,ofwhich data will enable informed conservation management
only 1,815 had been described by 1973 (Townes and decisions.
Townes1973).Subsequentlythesinglemajorrevisionof The objective of this research is determining of
Afrotropical ichneumonidsaddedafurther70speciesof ichneumonids' fauna in Guilan province, northern Iran
Ophioninae (Gauld and Mitchell 1978), with the result (Fig.1).GuilanisoneoftheprovincesofIran.Itliesalong
that only an estimated 15% of the Afrotropical the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of
ichneumonids are known to Science. The ichneumonid Mazandaran,eastoftheprovinceofArdabil,northofthe
fauna of Iran is rather poorly known (Kolarov and provinces of Zanjan and Qazvin. At the center of the
Ghahari 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008; Ghahari et al. 2010). province is the main city of Rasht. Other towns in the
TheIchneumonidae,alongwithothergroupsofparasitic province include Astara, Astaneh-Ashrafieh, Fooman,
Hymenoptera,arepurportedtobe nomorespeciesrich Lahijan, Langrood, Masouleh, Manjil, Roodbar, Roodsar,
in the tropics than in the Northern Hemisphere Shaft, Talesh, and Some'e Sara. Guilan has a humid
temperateregions(Owen and Owen 1974,Janzen 1981, temperateclimatewithplentyofannualrainfall.Thecity
Janzen and Pond 1975), although a number of Rashtwhich isthecenterofthe province iswell-known
hymenopteran families, for example the Chalcididae globally as the "City ofSilver Rains" and also known as
(Hespenheide 1979) and Encyrtidae (Noyes 1989b) the"CityofRain"aroundIran.TheAlborzrangeprovides
exhibitanincreaseinspeciesrichnesswithadecreasein further diversity to the land in addition to the Caspian
latitude. Other hymenopteran taxa such as sawflies coasts.Theamountofhumidityistrulyhighinthewarm
(Symphyta), gall-forming Cynipidae, and bees (Apoidea) seasonsoftheyearinGuilan,howeverthecoastlinesare
peak in species richness at mid- or high latitudes much cooler and pleasant at the same time and
(Michener 1979; Noyes 1989b; Kouki et al. 1994). thousandsofdomesticandforeign touristscometothe
Considerable debate has centered on the apparent seashore for swimming and camping. Despite of the
species richness anomaly exhibited by a number of abundant humidity, Guilan is known for its moderate,
hymenopteran parasitoid taxa in the tropics (e.g. mild and Mediterranean-like climate. Large parts ofthe
Morrison et al. 1978, Gauld 1991, Gauld and Gaston province are mountainous, green and forested. The
1994). Coastal plain alongthe Caspian Sea is similarto that of
The family Ichneumonidae is currently split into 37 Mazandaran,mainlyusedforricepaddies.
subfamilies, ofwhich 24 have been recorded from the
Phegea40(lb)01.iii.2012:29
Materialsand Methods Results
The Ichneumonidae were sampled using Malaise Totally28ichneumonidspeciesfrom22generaand6
traps, yellow pan traps, sweep netting and hand subfamilieswerecollectedfromGuilan province.Thelist
collecting at each of the sampled regions on Guilan ofspecieswithdistributionaldataisgivenbelow.
province. Insomestationayellowplasticbowl (165mm
diameter40 mm depth) was placed on the forest floor SubfamilyCremastinae
and charged with propylene glycol. These yellow pan CremastuspungensGravenhorst,1829
trapswereleftfor5daysandservicedattheendofthis Material: Talesh (77 m), 3:ɧ September 2007.
period, with each station being retained as a separate General distribution: Europe, Turkey, Mongolia and
sample.FourMalaisetrapsweredeployedateachregion Siberia.
and serviced each day for a period of seven days. The
Malaise traps were constructed to the specifications of Temeluchacaudata(Szépligeti,1899)
theTownesdesign(Townes1972),andmadewithafine- Material:Astara(-8m),1$,September2007.General
meshednetting(gridsize0.2mm),withblackwallsanda distribution:MiddleandSouthEuropeandTurkey.
white roof. The collection ofthese sampleswas spaced Temeluchadiscoidalis(Szépligeti,1899)
overa period of5 daysateach region. Each sweepwas Material: Astara (-19 m), 1$, September 2007.
conducted in previously unsampled vegetation. The Generaldistribution:EuropeandTurkey.
sweepnetusedforsamplingwasbasedonthedesignof TemeluchatricolorataSedivy,1968
Noyes(1982),withanopeningareaofca.1300cm2,and Material: Bandar-Anzali (-15 m), 2$, July 2007.
a collecting bag constructed from fine-meshed netting General distribution: Canary Islands, Turkey and
with a grid size of 0.2 mm. Also, the information Afghanistan.
concerningthespecies'name,describer,localityandthe
dateofcollection,placewhichthematerialwascollected SubfamilyCryptinae
and the altitude (in brackets) was also given. The Agrothereutesfumipennis(Gravenhorst,1829)
collected specimens bythefirstauthorand some other Material: Rasht (39 m), 1$, August 2008. General
Iranian researchers were confirmed by Dr. J. Sedivy distribution:Palaearcticregion.
(Research Institute for Crop Protection, Praha, Czech Aritranislongicauda(Kriechbaumer,1873)
Republic) and by the second author, and they are Material: Roodsar(9 m),July2007. Langrood (16m),
preserved in his collection. Classification, nomenclature 2<3', September 2006. General distribution: Europe and
and distributional data of Ichneumonidae suggested by Algeria.
Yu et al. (2005) and Kasparyan (1981a, b) have been Gambrusincubitor(Linnaeus,1758)
followed. Material: Masal (70 m), lS, July 2007. General
distribution:PalaearcticandEthiopianregion
Hoplocryptusquadriguttatus(Gravenhorst,1829)
Material: Some'e Sara (25 m), 1<$, September 2006.
Generaldistribution:EuropeandTurkey.
Ischnusmigrator(Fabricius,1775)
Material: Astara (-19 m), 1$, September 2007.
Generaldistribution:Palaearcticregion.
MesostenusalbinotatusGravenhorst,1829
Material: Rasht (127 m), 2$, August 2008. General
distribution:Holarcticregion.
MesostenustransfugaGravenhorst,1829
Material: Roodbar (213 m), 1$, July 2007.
Generaldistribution:WesternPalaearcticregion.
Stenarelladomator(Poda,1761)
Material: Roodsar (2 m), 1$, June 2007. General
distribution:WesternPalaearcticregion.
Trychosisneglecta(Tschek,1871)
Material: Rasht (39 m), 1$, August 2008. General
distribution:EuropeandTurkey.
TrychosispriesneriRossem,1971
Material: Langrood (16 m), 1<$, September 2006.
General distribution: France, Switzerland, Austria,
Poland,FormerYugoslavia,GreeceandTurkey.
Fig.1.-Guilanprovincewithitscities[A:Astara,AA:Astaneh-Ashrafieh, SubfamilyIchneumoninae
BA:Bandar-Anzali,F:Fooman,H:Flashtpar,Lh:Lahijan,Lr:Langrood,R: Barichneumon incubitor Zetterstedt var. caucasica,
Rasht(Centerofprovince),Rs:Roodsar,Rb:Roodbar,S:Some'eSara, 1893
Sh:Shaft,M:Masal], Material: Fooman (34 m), August 2008. General
distribution:Azerbayjan.
Phegea40(lb)01.iii.2012:30
ThyraeellacollarisGravenhorst,1889 sampling sites were located at minimum -27 m and
Material: Astara (-19 m), 2$, September 2007 ex maximum 127 m altitudes. In thisstudywe collectonly
Plutella xylostella Linnaeus (Plutellidae). General theadultwaspsbydifferentmethodswhiledetermining
distribution: Central Asia (Turkmenia), Southwest Asia, oftheirhostsisnecessaryandcan bea research project
WestEurope,theCanaryIslands. for other researchers. In this case collecting the larvae
PhaeogenesophthalmicusWesmael,1844 andpupaeofdifferentpests,especiallyLepidoptera,and
Material: Rasht (127 m), 1$, August 2008. General rearingtheminoptimumconditionisthemainmethod.
distribution: Ofthefourmethodsdeployedtocollectichneumonid
ProtichneumonpisoriusLinnaeus,1903 wasps, sweeping was the most efficiënt in terms of
Material: Lahijan (12 m), 2$, July 2007. General procured species richness and abundance, followed by
distribution: Kazakhstan, Siberia, Western Europe, Malaise trapping; yellow pan trapping was extremely
Turkey,Iran,Afghanistan(13). inefficiënt, and was superseded by hand collecting.
Smoothed, species-accumulation curves showed that
SubfamilyPimplinae sweeping was the most efficiënt method in procuring
Exeristesarundinis(Kriechbaumer,1887) species persampling effortfollowed by hand collecting,
Material: Fooman(34m), 1$,August2008.Astaneh- Malaise trapping and lastly yellow pan trapping.
Ashrafieh (-27 m), 1$, September 2006. General Conversely, plotting cumulative species against
distribution: Middle and South Europe, Latvia, abundanceshowed thatall fourmethodsweresimilarly
Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia and Pacific Cost of efficiënt in returning species per number of specimens
Russia. captured. Malaise trapping and hand collecting slightly
SchizopygapodagricaGravenhorst,1829 superseded sweeping and yellow pan trapping. Species
Material: Rasht(39m),2$,August2008. Newrecord richnessestimatorsindicatedthatthedeployedsampling
forIran.Generaldistribution:Palaearctic. methods procured between 19 and 38% of expected
species richness (Noort 2004). Malaisetrapsare a form
SubfamilyRhyssinae offlightinterceptiontrapwhicharegenerallyconsidered
RhyssaamoenaGravenhorst,1829 tobethebestmeansofobtaininglarge,generalsamples
Material: Roodsar (2 m), 2$, July 2007. Lahijan (12 of Ichneumonidae from most habitats (Fitton et al.
m),ld71,1^,June2007.Generaldistribution:R.amoena 1988), and which have been used extensively for this
hasaEuropeanandeasternPalaearcticdistribution. purpose (Owen & Owen 1974, Noyes 1989a, b, Bartlett
Megarhyssasuperba(Schrank,1781) etal. 1999,Sperberetal. 2004).Thesetrapssamplethe
Material: Talesh (77 m), 1<$, 1$, September 2007. field-herb layer and only provide data on assemblages
General distribution: European and eastern Palaearctic using or flying through this part of the woodland. The
distribution. trap operates continuouslyand may be left unattended
(Fitton etal. 1988) therefore allowing the collection of
SubfamilyTryphoninae multiplesamplesoverthesametimeperiod(Mayhewet
Cosmoconus (Cosmoconus) elongator (Fabricius, al.2009).
1775) There was considerable variation in species'
Material: Bandar-Anzali (-15 m), ld', June 2007. abundance and occupancy in our collections. Our
Generaldistribution:Palaearcticregion. previous analyses of the collections have shown that
Tryphon(Tryphon)thomsoniRoman,1939 speciesthatwerecollectedfromonlyafewsitesortraps
Material: Some'e Sara (25 m), ld, 1$, September tended to be found in low abundance there, such that
2006. Lahijan (12 m), 1$,June 2007. Rasht (76 m), 2d, rare species (in our samples) tend to be rare in both
August 2008. General distribution: Europe, Azerbaijan, senses (see Fraser et al. 2008). This is a small-scale
Georgia,Turkey,Armenia,Israël,TajikistanandSiberia. illustration ofthe more widely known phenomenon of
Tryphon (Symboethus) brunniventris Gravenhorst, extinction-riskdouble-jeopardywherebylowabundance
1829 and restricted distributionscan makespeciesvulnerable
Material: Rasht (76 m), ld, August 2008. General to extinction from different sources of threat (Gaston
distribution:Palaearcticregion. 1999). Parasitoid wasps are already expected to be
Ctenochirahaemosterna(Haliday,1839) especially vulnerable to extinction due to their host
Material: Fooman (34 m), 1$, August 2008. General specificity and high trophic status (Shaw & Hochberg
distribution:Holarcticregion. 2001), and the double-rarity indicated in our data may
ErromenusanalisBrischke,1871 add to this vulnerability. However, rarity in our catch
Material: Roodsar (9 m), 2$, June 2007. General might not necessarily mean that species are rare more
distribution:Holarcticregion. generally: they might not be effectively sampled by
ErromenuspunctulatusHolmgren,1857 Malaisetraps,ormighthavepeakflightseasonsoutside
Material: Rasht (76 m), 1$, August 2008. General oursampleperiod(Mayhewetal.2009).
distribution:Holarcticregion.
Acknowledgements
Discussion
The authors are indebted to Dr. J. Sedivy (Research
The resultsofthis research indicated thatthefauna InstituteforCrop Protection, Praha, Czech Republic), Dr.
ofichneumonids in Guilan province isvery diverse. The
Phegea40(lb)01.iii.2012:31
D. R.Kasparyan(RussianAcademyofSciences)andDr.T. foreditingthe manuscript. The research wassupported
Finlayson(BurnabyBCV3J7E3,Canada)foridentification by the Islamic Azad University and the University of
ofsomespecimensandsendingthenecessaryresources. Turku,Finland.
Weare alsothanksto Dr. K. HolyoftheCzech Republic
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