A Concise Survey of Western Civilization: Supremacies and Diversities throughout History

257 Pages·2015·6.94 MB·English

by  Brian A. Pavlac

A Concise Survey of Western Civilization
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A Concise Survey of Western Civilization
Supremacies and Diversities throughout History
VOLUME 1: PREHISTORY TO 1500
Second Edition
BRIAN A. PAVLAC
ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD
Lanham • Boulder • New York • London
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Published by Rowman & Littlefield
A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
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Copyright © 2015 by Rowman & Littlefield
First edition 2011.
Except where noted, all diagrams and figures by the author.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including
information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote
passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pavlac, Brian Alexander, 1956–
A concise survey of Western civilization : supremacies and diversities throughout history / Brian A. Pavlac. — Second edition.
volumes cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents: Volume 1. Prehistory to 1500 — Volume 2. 1500 to the present. ISBN 978-1-4422-3766-7 (combined : cloth :
alkaline paper)—ISBN 978-1-4422-3767-4 (combined : paper : alkaline paper)—ISBN 978-1-4422-3768-1 (combined :
electronic)—ISBN 978-1-4422-3769-8 (volume 1 : cloth : alkaline paper)—ISBN 978-1-4422-3770-4 (volume 1 : paper :
alkaline paper)—ISBN 978-1-4422-3771-1 (volume 1 : electronic)—ISBN 978-1-4422-3772-8 (volume 2 : cloth : alkaline paper)
—ISBN 978-1-4422-3773-5 (volume 2 : paper : alkaline paper)—ISBN 978-1-4422-3774-2 (volume 2 : electronic) 1.
Civilization, Western. I. Title.
CB245.P38 2015
909'.09821—dc23
2014043292
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information
Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America
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Brief Contents
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Contents
Brief Contents
List of Diagrams, Figures, Maps, Primary Source Projects, Tables, and Timelines
Acknowledgments
How to Use This Book
1. History’s Story
There’s Method
What Is Truth?
Primary Source Project 1: Voltaire versus Macaulay
2. Wanderers and Settlers: The Ancient Middle East to 400 BC
The Apes’ Cousins
Bound to the Soil
The Price of Civilization
The Rise and Fall of Practically All Middle Eastern Empires
Primary Source Project 2: Xenophon versus Herodotus
3. The Chosen People: Hebrews and Jews, 2000 BC to AD 135
Between and under Empires
The Tie That Binds
Primary Source Project 3: Prophecy of Micah versus Prophecy of Joel
4. Trial of the Hellenes: The Ancient Greeks, 1200 BC to AD 146
To the Sea
The Political Animal
Metamorphosis
The Cultural Conquest
Primary Source Project 4: The Melian Dialogue
5. Imperium Romanum: The Romans, 753 BC to AD 300
World Conquest in Self-Defense
The Price of Power
The Absolutist Solution
The Roads to Knowledge
Primary Source Project 5: Galgacus versus Agricola
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6. The Revolutionary Rabbi: Christianity, the Roman Empire, and Islam, 4 BC to AD
1453
The Son of Man
The Cultural War
Roma Delenda Est
Struggle for the Realm of Submission
Primary Source Project 6: Paul versus Pliny and Trajan
7. From Old Rome to the New West: The Early Middle Ages, AD 500 to 1000
Goths in the Garden
Charles in Charge
The Cavalry to the Rescue
Primary Source Project 7: Bad Bishops versus Benedict
8. The Medieval Mêlée: The High and Later Middle Ages, 1000 to 1500
Return of the Kings
Discipline and Domination
Plenty of Papal Power
The Age of Faith and Reason
A New Estate
Not the End of the World
Primary Source 8: Gregory VII versus Henry IV
9. Making the Modern World: The Renaissance and Reformation, 1400 to 1648
The Purse of Princes
Man as the Measure
Heaven Knows
Fatal Beliefs
God, Greed, and Glory
Primary Source Project 9: Witch Hunter versus Montaigne
Epilogue: Why Western Civilization?
Timelines
Common Abbreviations
Glossary
Suggested Readings
About the Author
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Diagrams, Figures, Maps, Primary Source
Projects, Tables, and Timelines
DIAGRAM
5.1. Three Phases of Roman Government
FIGURES
2.1. Cuneiform Writing on an Assyrian Sculpture
2.2. Hieroglyphics on an Egyptian Temple Wall
2.3. A Bust of Nefertiti
2.4. Stonehenge in the South of Britain
3.1. Romans Take Plunder from the Jerusalem Temple
4.1. Temple of the Olympian Zeus
4.2. Greek Theater near Miletus
5.1. The Dome of the Pantheon in Rome
5.2. Aqueduct in Segovia, Spain
5.3. Trajan’s Column
5.4. Casts of Human Remains from Pompeii
6.1. Graffito of an Early Priest
6.2. Sculpture of Four Emperors
6.3. Sculpture of Emperor Constantine
6.4. The Hagia Sophia in Constantinople
7.1. A Medieval Castle in Loches, France
7.2. Sculpture of Saint Maurice as a Knight
8.1. The White Tower of the Tower of London
8.2. Sculpture Depicting the Sin of Temptation
8.3. Croatian King of the Eleventh Century
8.4. Romanesque Abbey of Maria Laach
8.5. Romanesque Nave of the Abbey of Saint Godehard
8.6. Gothic Choir of Saint Vitus Cathedral in Prague
8.7. Gothic Nave of Canterbury Cathedral
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9.1. Woodcut Showing Common Legal Punishments in 1500
9.2. The Blue Mosque of Istanbul
9.3. Renaissance Dome of Florence Cathedral
9.4. Raphael’s School of Athens Fresco
9.5. El Escorial, the Retreat of Philip II of Spain
E.1. “My God, help me to survive this deadly love”
MAPS
2.1. Ancient Middle East
4.1. Hellenistic Middle East
5.1. Roman Europe
7.1. Dark Ages Europe
7.2. Europe, 800
8.1. Europe, 1200
8.2. Europe, 1450
9.1. Europe, 1648
9.2. The West in the World, 1648
PRIMARY SOURCE PROJECTS
1. Voltaire versus Macaulay
2. Xenophon versus Herodotus
3. Prophecy of Micah versus Prophecy of Joel
4. The Melian Dialogue
5. Galgacus versus Agricola
6. Paul versus Pliny and Trajan
7. Bad Bishops versus Benedict
8. Gregory VII versus Henry IV
9. Witch Hunter versus Montaigne
TABLES
1.1. The Historical Method
2.1. Comparisons of Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Polytheisms
3.1. Which Ten Commandments?
TIMELINES
A. The Ancient Middle East and West before 500 BC
B. The Ancient Middle East and West, 550 BC to AD 530
C. The Medieval West, 500–1640
D. Early Modern West, 1540–1914
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E. The Twentieth Century, 1900–Present
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