A Concise History of Australia (Cambridge Concise Histories)

364 Pages·2009·5.86 MB·English

by  Stuart Macintyre

A ConciHsies toorfy
Australia
ThirEdd ition
STUART MACINTYRE
.,
'...' ...' C AMBRIDGE
.
::: UNIVERSITYP RESS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITYP RESS
CambridNgeew,Y orkM,e lbourMnaed,r iCda,p eT own,S ingapoSraeoP, a ulDoe,l hi
CambridUgnei verPsrietsys
477W illiamstRoowandP ,o rMte lbourVnIeC,3 207A,u stralia
Publisihnet dh eU niteSdt atoefAs m eribcyaC ambridUgnei verPsrietsyNs e,w York
www.cambridge.org
Informatonit ohni tsi twlwew:. cambridge.org/9780FI5I6082.
© StuaMratc inty2.r0e0 9
Firpsutb lis1h9e9d9
Seconedd iti2.o0n0 4
Reprin2t.e0d0 250,0 62,0 08
Thiredd iti2o0n0 9
Covedre sibgynD aviTdh omaDse sign
TypesbeytA ptara
PrintienCd h inbay P rintplus
A catalorgeuceof rodtr h ipsu blicaitsai voani lfarboltmeh Ber itLiisbhr ary
NationLailb raorfAy u straClaitaa logiunPi unbgl icadtaitoan
Macintyre, 1S9tu4a7r-t,
A concihsies toorfAy u straIlS itau aMratc intyre
3'de d.
9780FI5I60(8h2b k.)
9780521735(9p3b3k .).
Incluidnedse x.
Bibliography
AborigiAnuaslt ral-iHainsst ory.
Republica-nAiussmt ralia.
IL)Austr a-lHiias tory.
Austra-lPioal itaincdgs o vernment.
Austra-lEinav ironmecnotnadli tions
30:.C ])1 1 /"1 3t O1/I/.'1'I B I9N(78 -30-9';-)9'241 - 51h6a0r8d-b2a.c k
f
ISBN9 78-0-521-73p5a9p3e-r3b ack
Reproducatnidoc no mmunicaftoierod nu catipounraplo ses
TheA ustralCioapny riAgcht1t 9 68( thAec ta)l loawm sa ximuomf
.i:I'", bib,4/;o nec haptoerr1 0%o ft hep ageosft hiwso rkw,h icheivset rh eg reater,
0.."..
't ob er eproduacnedd/ coorm municabtyea dn ye ducatiionnsatli tution
1! "'? .. foir tesd ucatipounraplo sperso vidtehdat th ee ducatiionnsatli tution
fI (otrh eb odyt haatd minisitteh)ra ssg iveanr emunerantoitointc oe
'i CopyriAgghetn cLyi mit(eCdA Lu)n detrh eA ct.
� Ford etaoiflt sh eC ALl icenfcoere ducatiionnsatli tuctoinotnasc t:
CopyriAgghetn cLyi mited
Leve1l5 ,2 .3C3a stlerSetargehe t
SydneNyS W 2.000
Telepho(n0e2:9) 3 947 600
)'7&0 Facsim(i0l2e9):3 947 601
ju-
E-maiiln:f [email protected]
Reproducatnidoc no mmunicaftoiorot nh epru rposes
Excepatsp ermitutnedde trh eA ct( foerx ampalf ea idre alifnogtr h e
purposoefss t udrye,s earccrhi,t icoirrs emv ienwo)p arotf t hipsu blication
mayb er eproduscteodr,ie nda r etriseyvsatle cmo,m municaotre d
transmiitnta endyf ormo rb ya nym eanwsi thopurti owrr ittpeenr mission.
Aliln quirsiheosu lbdem adet ot hpeu blisahtte hrea ddreasbso ve.
CambridUgnei verPsrietsyhs a sn or esponsifboitrlh iept eyr sistoern ce
accuraocfUy R Ls feoxrt eronrat lh ird-pianrtteyrw neebts irteefse rtroei dn
thipsu blicaatniddo one nso tg uaranttheaeat n yc onteonnts ucwhe bsiitse,s
orw ilrle maianc,c uroarta ep propriIantfeo.r marteigoanr dpirnigc tersa,v el
.timeta�,ah nldeo thefra�t u}anlf�rm�tin.o.g iveinn:?i s ?wrka rec orreactt
Fomr yd aughters
MARY AND JESSIE
thiissa lstoh ehiirs tory

CONTENTS
Lisotfi llustrations pagxe
Ackonwleedmgents Xll
1 Beginnings 1
2 Newcomecr.1s 06,0- 1792 16
3 Coerc1io7n9,38 -211 35
4 Emancipa1t82i2-o1n8,5 0 53
5 Int hrtaolp lr ogr1e8s15s 1 ,-8 88 86
6 Natiorneaclo nstr1u88c9t-i11o39n , 122
7 Sacri1fi9c1-e41,9 45
8 Golden1 9ag4-e619,7 4 200
9 ReinveAnutsitnrg1a l9i7-a52,0 08 243
10W hante xt? 302
Sourocfeq su otations 309
Guidteof urthreera ding 326
Index 339
ILLUTSRATIONS
PLATES
2I.A borigiincn aenso es page 24
2.A2n A borigwionmaaln 25
2.T3h ea scenosfCi aopnt aCiono k 26
3I. TwoA borigwianrarli ors 40
3.R2u mR ebellion 45
3.B3u ngaree 50
4.V1i oleonntc hefe r ontier 63
4.G2o verAnrotrh ur's Prtooc lAtabhmoea rtiigoinn es 64
4.G3e orRgoeb insCoonn'csi lioaftt hiAeob no rigoifn eVsa n 66
DiemeLna'nsd
4.A4b origiinSn yedsn 1ey83,9 68
4.C5o lonrieadle mption 75
4.C6o lonAiracla dy 77
5I.A grouopfd iggers 88
5.A2b origcienraelm ony 107
5.S3h earers 109
5.N4e wfsr ohmo me 113
5.T5h eE xhibibtuiiolndM ienlgb,o u1r8n0e8 , II9
61.T heM aritSitmrei ke 142
6.H2e nrLya wson 127
6.E3d munBda rtaonnd Alfred Deakin 137
6.N4a tisvyem bols 148
7I.B ilHluyg hes 107
7.A2n i mprovdiwseeldli intn hgDe e pression 180
Illutsitornas
Xl
7.A3b originoafMl o uDranyi 1n9g3,8 188
7.D4o uglMaasc ArtahnuJdro hCnu rtin 194
7.K5o koTdraa ck 195
8.B1o negmiilglrara encte pcteinotn1r 94e9, 204
8.B2e nC hifClleeym,e Anttt laenedH .V .E vatt 206
8.R3o beMretn zies patyosQ utereEinlb iuztaeb eth 213
8.E4v dokPieat rionvS ao viceuts to1d9y5,4 218
8.T5h e triouftm hpsehu permarket 222
8.S6y dney te1e9n5a6ge rs, 225
8.A7b origcihnialldN roernt,h Teerrnr itory 228
8.T8h e surf lifesaver 230
8.L9y ndBoani nJeosh nsaonnHd a roHlodl t 232
9.M1a lcolm Fraser 244
9.B2o bH awke 247
9.P3a uKle ating 260
9.T4h em aritdiimsep ute 266
9.C5h ildorveenr board 278
9.S6a ve Ftrhaen kRliivne r 285
9.Q7a ntianAs b origliinvaelr y 288
9.J8o hHno ward 294
MAPS
1.A1u strtahlmeia ai:rn i vecrista,in etdso wns XIV
1.S2u ndaan dS ahul 7
1.A3b original sAhuoswtilrnoagcl aitoaifg,o r no ups 12
2.A1u straanldti hare e gion 22
4.L1a nedx ploration
5.B1o undaorfsi teasat netdse rritories
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A conchiisset iosnr eyc essdaerpielnydo enan v te rlya rbgoed oyf
histosrcihcaoarlls hainpdA, u strahliisatno wriialsnlets eh eex tent
ofm yr eliaonntc hee ir Gweoorffkr.eB yo ltVoenr,i Btuyr gmann,
JoDya mouPsait,r Girciimas hJaowhH,ni rJsitRl,ol eJ ,o hMno rton,
PetNeirc holTsiomRn o,w saen dP atrWioclkfa ei dtehdpe r epara­
tioonft hoer igeidniatlWi aoynn.Ge e eirnlgJ,o natRhiotnc ahnide
Kim Torpnreoyv irdeesde aasrscihs tDainacneBa;e lhle lpweidt h
illustraRtoisoBanr se.z Gaacb,r lieMe ulrphMya,r tiWnael sahn d
LynnWer oulti gnhetdme ya cadedmuitci tehsHe,i story Depart­
menattt hUen iverosfMi etblyo urneer attomelyda bsenacnedts h e
AustiraaRnle seaCrocuhn cpirlov iadg erda tnhta pta ifdo trh em.
I agmr atetfoPu hlli ilapM cGuinntehsceso ,m missieodniitonofgr
CambriUdngiev erPsrieitsnAys u strfaolprie ar,s uamdei ntgo write
thbeo oakn,dJ a nMeatc kenwziiteh, whom mIy u bnedgearng rad­
uatset udfioeersd ,i tiitsn ygm pathleltyi.c a
Int wor evisoifot hnweso rIkh avmeo difiseodm oef t heea r­
licehra ptaenrdls a rgreelwyr iCthtaepnt Neirn Wea.y nGee eirnlg
helpmeedt og athaedrd itimoantaelra inadIlb ,e nefiftreodm the
adviocfAe lanA tkinsPoent,Be erhi alrNzi,c haosBl rownA,nd y
Brown-MMaiyc,h aCelyln eG,r aemDea vison,H aPmaiulltao n,
MarilLyank Kea,t harMianses aPme,t Meart hesSoena,Sn c almer,
ZorSai miPce,t Sepre ararnidTt otn yT aylobru,tt hiesd itiiso n
markaelds boyt hien fluoefmn acneoy t hferri eannddcs o lleag.u es
Ih avleae rnferdo smt udehnatvste a Iu gahntpd o stgrawdhuoastee s
reseaIrh cahvs eu pervtihsceeh da;n tcoes hamryei nterweistths
undergraadtHu aartveasar sIdb egan prtehppear reisneegdn itt ion
wasi nvuaalble.
Ackonwleedmegnts
Xlll
A concniastei ohniasltw orriyt teann i fnotre rnarteiaodnearls hip
prestesa nno pporttyau nndiac hallTehnegl eo.cr aela dleoro fkosr
thfe amiliar lTahnedo mvaerrksse.a s onrt ehaoed tehrhe,ar n d,
halsi tftalmieia lrwiittyth h eAm .n arrahtiisvteco ormyp osoeftd h e
standfaarridesu nliykt eoel xplAauisnt rtaolt ihaow sheo d on ot
bring some pritooir ta ;r k onl-locwaollfnel ad mgeews i lble loift tle
assisttoat nhcoews heo h avneo etn counttehrebemed f oIrh ea.v e
endeavotuoar sesdu me alnidtto t lpeaa,bi rnota d-bpriucstiuhnr e
whicthh dee tiasi ls uibnoarttdeotd h ceh aractfeeraitsutriecs .
Thaitni tfsi eshl azardSopuesc.i awlilils sctrsu ttihnteie sxfeto r
incluosfit ohnec iorn ceTrhnoss.we h o fseterloy n agbloupta rtic­
ualrc auses wtihlaelm otuanoktfae t tenatcicoonr tdheedam s a n
indoefxs ympatShuicehs .w eigphrionpgo roitfisi n oenavsbie lt and
Ia ma warteh amty emphasaerisen deiendd icaotfmi yv oew n
understaannddii nncgl inaMtyi pounrsp.o hsoew,e vhears,b een
top resaen natr ratthiaevtxe p lawihnyis t cso mponpeanrtht asv e
ap laicnet hnea tiosntaolr y,h oawtn hde cyo ntitnogu een erate
discusIsh iaovtner. i teods eAtu strahliisatnwo irtyh tihnle a rger
histoofwr hyi cihft o rmaps a ratn,d dtroa owu cto mpariwsiotnhs
othpearr otfst hweo rlTdh.e sien tentiomnesa nttaos r eer tvhee
oversreeaasdw ehrom ighhta vsee eannA ustrafillimoa rgn l impsed
thnea tuhriaslt oofrt yh icso untornty ee lvisbiuofitnn disti nfre­
queynr telporitnce udr raefnfta Iinwr rsi.t iitnh gaI v em iinntd h e
visiwthooer n countthelera sn dsacnaldpo ec uasla gbeusfit n dtsh eir
connecltoigdniigcf fitcoud letc ipIhh eorpt.eh aitst e rvteocs o nnect
whatth esye e andw ihtehma orar sey stemaactciocuo nfht o wi t
camteo b e.
Id edictahteed fierdsittoi fot nh beo otko m yt wod aughters,
borinn E nglarnadi,s ienAd u straalnidna o,w d ividbeedt ween
MelbouarnndVe a ncouwvheort ,o oof theandt hefiart hpelrat yh e
pedagoagnudael la lownegr ien structiintn hge iihnrit me rests and
conceBrontsth.h en saunbds eqyu geIan itnlaeb de ttuenrd erstand­
inogf t hiesx chanagswe e,lla ss uebcjtbse yoAnuds trahliisatno ry,
frommy w ifMea,r tha.
StuaMratc intyre
Septem2b0e0r8
Cairns
!
..
o.. ..5'00 .. ....Me..lb-ouo&lt rTn..;aea'�r .
kilometres unceston
Macquarie H,
FrankliR.n Hobrat
DerwnetR , PotrA rthur
Mapl or Austrtahlmeia ai:rn i vecrist,i etso wannsd